CN106271966B - Iterative super large caliber speculum grinding and milling processing method based on tool wear compensation - Google Patents
Iterative super large caliber speculum grinding and milling processing method based on tool wear compensation Download PDFInfo
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- CN106271966B CN106271966B CN201610624023.9A CN201610624023A CN106271966B CN 106271966 B CN106271966 B CN 106271966B CN 201610624023 A CN201610624023 A CN 201610624023A CN 106271966 B CN106271966 B CN 106271966B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/007—Weight compensation; Temperature compensation; Vibration damping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/16—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the load
- B24B49/165—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the load for grinding tyres
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of iterative super large caliber speculum grinding and milling processing methods based on tool wear compensation, belong to large-aperture optical curved mirror processing technique field.The method of the present invention is the face type error of the last grinding back mirror minute surface of detection and assumes more than error both from tool wear, by initiatively adjusting the nominal grinding depth of grinding, come face type error caused by compensating tool wear；The grinding and milling processing method of the present invention not to be ground feed distance there is no traditional diamond-making technique, so as to improving grinding efficiency；And since it need not be repeated to knife, the machining accuracy of milling can be significantly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of iterative super large caliber speculum precision grinding and milling processing methods for compensating tool wear, belong to
Optical surface mirror processing technique field.
Background technology
With the continuous development of ground based astronomy optical observation technology and space optics technology, for the light harvesting of optical system
Ability, field range and resolution ratio etc. propose increasingly higher demands.And increase speculum effective aperture as raising optics
System performance core the most and basic technological means so that super large caliber speculum is used for various optics more and more widely
In system.With the continuous increase of reflection aperture of mirror, increasingly higher demands are proposed to optical manufacturing efficiency and precision.
Large-scale and super large caliber speculum is larger due to conducting oneself with dignity, it is desirable that mirror structure is generally microlight-type lightweight structure.
Silicon carbide composite ceramic materials possess the good objects such as performance is stable, coefficient of thermal expansion is low, density is low, specific strength and specific stiffness are big
Mechanical property is managed, is one of ideal material of ultralight speculum.But due to the high hardness (SiC of carbofrax material：Vickers
Hardness 23.1-24.6GPa) and wearability, in its milling processing, there are violent tool wear, reduce grinding accuracy and
It is less efficient.This problem is more prominent in the milling processing of heavy caliber and super large caliber speculum.Heavy caliber and super large mouth
Footpath speculum, the grinding length of single feed reach several kilometers, and the overall removal amount of blank often reaches tens million of cubic millimeters.
This causes the grinding depth that single is fed that can not often complete one-pass, and tool wear drastically influences grinding efficiency and essence
Degree.
Traditional silicon carbide composite ceramic materials milling is by constantly being fed in grinding initial position, milling being repeated several times
Come what is completed, due to tool wear in milling processing, single is gone to cannot switch to entire minute surface completely；Needs are once gone to afterwards to exist
To knife, minute surface is really switched to starting grinding position again for initial position；With feed is repeated continuously, idling stopping distance constantly adds
Long, unhewn length constantly reduces, to be finally completed the grinding of entire precision.This processing method, which exists, not to be removed largely
Process time, and need to reduce grinding accuracy repeatedly to knife in grinding initial position.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of iterative super large caliber speculum millings based on tool wear compensation to add
Work method had both detected the face type error of last grinding back mirror minute surface and had assumed more than error both from tool wear,
By initiatively adjusting the nominal grinding depth of grinding, come face type error caused by compensating tool wear；The milling is processed
Method not to be ground feed distance there is no traditional diamond-making technique, so as to improving grinding efficiency；And since it need not be weighed
Answering to knife, can significantly improve the machining accuracy of milling.
Iterative super large caliber speculum grinding and milling processing method based on tool wear compensation, the grinding and milling processing method use
Equipment mainly include five axis gantry milling machine tool workings, contact surface type measurement probe, face type error and processing program processing calculate
Machine；
The step of realizing this method is as follows：
The first step：Traditional milling processing feed one of no cutter compensation is carried out to mirror surface using five axis milling machine tool workings
It is secondary；
Second step：Grinding minute surface is measured by surface type measurement probe；
3rd step：Computer is handled by face type error and processing program to analyze measurement data, determines current mill
Cut parameter lower grinding wheel rate of depreciation；
4th step：Rate of depreciation confidence coefficient is estimated, using face type error and processing program processing computer generation carry
The processing program of tool wear compensation；
5th step：Again minute surface and detection faces type error are ground, confidence coefficient is reevaluated by residual error, and is repeated
Above procedure is until type error distribution in face meets reflecting surface requirement.
Further, the measurement process in the second step is：
Green surface is measured, measurement track is expressed from the next with result：
zk=f (xk, yk)
Wherein, zkFor the reflecting surface height that side head measures, xk, ykRespectively horizontal seat of the measurement point under lathe coordinate system
Scale value；Using reflecting surface face shape parameter as invariant, using reflecting surface focus as variable, face type error RMS mesh as an optimization
Mark, is fitted using least square method opposite type, uses the adaptive conjugated gradient method optimization reflecting surface focus position of variable step
It puts, to obtain, survey face type is to the relative deviation data e in theoretical reflectance facek, and by face type deviation data (xk, yk, ek) be interpolated into
Face type deviation data (x on machining locusi, yi, ei)；Face type error information is a relative error data；In order to using relatively
Face type deviation data obtains tool wear, should opposite face type error be converted into non-negative data：
The peak-to-valley value of face type is obtained
Further, the determination process of current grinding parameter lower grinding wheel rate of depreciation is in the 3rd step：First, in accordance with
Processing method establishment reflecting surface is not compensated not compensate the milling processing program of tool wear and implement to process, and is then risen milling and is added
Foreman falls contact type measurement head, measures reflecting surface, relatively measured PV values and nominal grinding depth a againp, such as PV ＞
ap, carry out coarse compensation grinding；Such as PV≤ap, carry out essence compensation grinding.
Further, the coarse compensation milling processing program based on reflecting surface peak-to-valley value is expressed from the next：
Wherein, g is grinding tracing point (xi, yi) arrive grinding starting point (x0, y0) grinding distance, L grown for total grinding
Degree.
Further, the smart tool wear compensation milling processing program based on the distribution of reflecting surface face type error is by following formula
It represents：
Advantageous effect：
The grinding and milling processing method of the present invention, without repeating to knife, need not pass through substantial amounts of milling there is no feed is not ground
Mill processing experiment predefines the relation between tool wear rate and machined parameters, avoids tool wear randomness for knife
Have the influence of wear-compensating process, improve grinding accuracy and milling processing efficiency, use simplicity.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic device of the iterative grinding and milling processing method of tool wear compensation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the iterative grinding and milling processing method flow chart of tool wear compensation of the present invention.
Wherein, five axis milling machine tool workings of 1-, 2- milling emery wheels, 3- contacts surface type measurement probe, 4- faces type error and processing
Program handles computer.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, the processing unit (plant) of grinding and milling processing method of the invention includes five axis milling machine tool workings 1, milling emery wheel
2nd, contact surface type measurement 3 knead dough type errors of probe and processing program processing computer 4；
Milling emery wheel 2 and contact surface type measurement probe 3 are separately mounted to the transverse and longitudinal gearshift on five axis milling machine tool workings 1
Both sides, contact surface type measurement probe 3 sends the data of detection to face type error and processing program and handles computer 4, face
Type error and processing program processing computer 4 control the movement of five axis milling machine tool workings 1 and milling emery wheel 2 by result of calculation
The depth of cut.
As shown in Figure 2, grinding and milling processing method of the invention realizes that step is as follows：
Step 1：Reflecting surface threedimensional model is established according to the geometric parameter of reflecting surface, and passes through coordinate transform by three-dimensional mould
The geometry origin of type is moved at the working origin of machining tool, and reflecting surface is expressed as：
zp=f (x, y)
Wherein, x, y are respectively horizontal coordinate value of the main shaft under lathe coordinate system, zpFor reflecting surface altitude conversion to lathe
Main shaft z coordinate under coordinate.
Step 2：Green surface is measured, measurement track is expressed from the next with result：
zk=f (xk, yk)
Wherein, zkFor the reflecting surface height that side head measures, xk, ykRespectively horizontal seat of the measurement point under lathe coordinate system
Scale value.Using reflecting surface face shape parameter as invariant, using reflecting surface focus as variable, face type error RMS mesh as an optimization
Mark, is fitted using least square method opposite type, uses the adaptive conjugated gradient method optimization reflecting surface focus position of variable step
It puts, to obtain, survey face type is to the relative deviation data e in theoretical reflectance facek, and by face type deviation data (xk, yk, ek) be interpolated into
Face type deviation data (x on machining locusi, yi, ei).Face type error information is a relative error data.In order to using relatively
Face type deviation data obtains tool wear, should opposite face type error be converted into non-negative data：
The peak-to-valley value of face type is obtained
Step 3：The milling processing program worked out reflecting surface according to processing method is not compensated and do not compensate tool wear.At this time
The contacting points position of milling emery wheel is expressed as：
zi=f (xi, yi)-ap
Wherein, xi, yiRespectively horizontal coordinate value of the milling track under lathe coordinate system, apFor nominal grinding depth；
To knife at the reflecting surface peak that step 2 measures, machining locus milling determined by the contacting points position formula of milling emery wheel is used
Grind reflecting surface.
Step 4：Milling processing head is risen, falls contact type measurement head, measures reflecting surface, relatively measured PV again
Value and nominal grinding depth ap, such as PV ＞ ap, enter step five carry out coarse compensation grindings；Such as PV≤ap, enter step seven into
Row essence compensation grinding.
Step 5：Carry out the thick tool wear compensation milling processing based on reflecting surface PV.Assuming that face type error is most
From tool wear, but face type error is necessarily uneven with part motion error of machine tool, temperature deformation error, support stiffness
Deng other error sources.Meanwhile milling processing, with certain randomness, tool wear is per se with certain uncertainty.
Therefore, it is necessary to introduce the confidence coefficient Q of tool abrasion, suitably to be reduced to wear-compensating amount, processing result is avoided to dissipate.
Step 6：Thick tool wear compensation milling processing program based on reflecting surface PV is expressed from the next：
Wherein, g is grinding tracing point (xi, yi) arrive grinding starting point (x0, y0) grinding distance, L grown for total grinding
Degree.
Step 7：Step 4 constantly is repeated to step 6, and adjusts confidence coefficient Q, until PV≤ap。
Step 8：The smart tool wear compensation milling processing based on the distribution of reflecting surface face type error is carried out, in order to ensure face
Type restrains, and estimates confidence coefficient Q.
Step 9：Smart tool wear compensation milling processing program based on the distribution of reflecting surface face type error is expressed from the next：
Step 10：Surface type measurement is carried out to the surface after processing again, obtains new face type error result.
Step 11：Compare front and rear face type error twice to be distributed, confidence coefficient Q is adjusted；Repeat above step nine
To 11, until type error distribution in face meets reflecting surface requirement.
To 4M diameter silicon carbides Si mirror after the new milling-grinding process processing by about 300 man-hours, minute surface face
Type is reduced to PV0.1mm or so by PV1.9mm or so.This programme carries grinding and milling processing method and can only be completed with one-pass
The convergence of PV0.2mm or so, the face type that traditional processing method needs 4 to 5 feeds and could complete suitable magnitude restrain effect.
Compared with traditional SiC speculum milling-grinding process, the processing method efficiency that this patent proposes improves 3 to 4 times.
In conclusion the foregoing is merely a prefered embodiment of the invention, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements are made should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (1)
1. the iterative super large caliber speculum grinding and milling processing method based on tool wear compensation, which is characterized in that the milling adds
The equipment that work method uses mainly includes five axis gantry milling machine tool workings, contact surface type measurement probe knead dough type error and processing journey
Sequence handles computer；
The step of realizing this method is as follows：
Step 1：Reflecting surface threedimensional model is established according to the geometric parameter of reflecting surface, and passes through coordinate transform by threedimensional model
Geometry origin is moved at the working origin of machining tool, and reflecting surface is expressed as：
zp=f (x, y)
Wherein, x, y are respectively horizontal coordinate value of the main shaft under lathe coordinate system, zpFor reflecting surface altitude conversion to machine coordinates
Under main shaft z coordinate；
Step 2：Green surface is measured, measurement track is expressed from the next with result：
zk=f (xk, yk)
Wherein, zkFor the reflecting surface height that gauge head measures, xk, ykRespectively horizontal coordinate value of the measurement point under lathe coordinate system；
Using reflecting surface face shape parameter as invariant, using reflecting surface focus as variable, type error RMS targets as an optimization in face make
It is fitted with least square method opposite type, optimizes reflecting surface focal position using the adaptive conjugated gradient method of variable step, with
Obtain relative deviation data e of the surveyed face type to theoretical reflectance facek, and by face type deviation data (xk, yk, ek) it is interpolated into processing
Face type deviation data (x on tracki, yi, ei)；Face type error information is a relative error data；In order to utilize opposite face type
Deviation data obtains tool wear, should opposite face type error be converted into non-negative data：
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zi=f (xi, yi)-ap
Wherein, xi, yiRespectively horizontal coordinate value of the milling track under lathe coordinate system, apFor nominal grinding depth；In step
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Step 4：Rise milling processing head, fall contact type measurement head, measure reflecting surface again, relatively measured PV values and
Nominal grinding depth ap, such as PV ＞ ap, enter step five carry out coarse compensation grindings；Such as PV≤ap, enter step seven progress essence
Compensate grinding；
Step 5：Carry out the thick tool wear compensation milling processing based on reflecting surface PV；The processing needs to introduce tool abrasion
Confidence coefficient Qr, suitably to be reduced to wear-compensating amount, processing result is avoided to dissipate；
Wherein, the thick tool wear compensation milling processing program based on reflecting surface PV is expressed from the next：
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Wherein, g is grinding tracing point (xi, yi) arrive grinding starting point (x0, y0) grinding distance, L be total grinding length；
Step 6：Step 4 constantly is repeated to step 5, and adjusts confidence coefficient Qr, until PV≤ap；
Step 7：The smart tool wear compensation milling processing based on the distribution of reflecting surface face type error is carried out, in order to ensure that face type is received
It holds back, estimates confidence coefficient Qf；
Wherein, the smart tool wear compensation milling processing program based on the distribution of reflecting surface face type error is expressed from the next：
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Step 8：Surface type measurement is carried out to the surface after processing again, obtains new face type error result；
Step 9：Compare front and rear face type error twice to be distributed, to confidence coefficient QfIt is adjusted；Above step seven to nine is repeated, directly
Until type error distribution in face meets reflecting surface requirement.
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| CN107571107B (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2019-03-29 | 南京纽美瑞数控科技有限公司 | A kind of internal grinding replacement grinding wheel exempts from the method for grinding to knife |
| CN108296931A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-07-20 | 成都精密光学工程研究中心 | A kind of nutation type plane polishing device of belt wear compensation |
| CN109212751B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2021-08-13 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Method for analyzing tolerance of free-form surface |
| CN109483365B (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-09-08 | 天津津航技术物理研究所 | Method for processing calcium fluoride material step rotary aspheric lens |
| CN110052916A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-26 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Heavy caliber wedge optical element ultraprecise combined shaping grinding attachment and processing method |
| CN111857038A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-10-30 | 上海中船三井造船柴油机有限公司 | Parameterized machining method of machine frame on numerical control planer type milling machine |
| CN113941905A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-18 | 湖南工学院 | Error and path compensation method for efficient and precise machining of ore-raising pipeline |
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| CN102794688B (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2014-10-22 | 上海交通大学 | Reconstructing few-shaft ultra-precise large-size optical mirror grinding system |
| CN103056759B (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2015-01-28 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Robot grinding system based on feedback of sensor |
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