CN106271966A - Iterative super large caliber reflecting mirror grinding and milling processing method based on tool wear compensation - Google Patents
Iterative super large caliber reflecting mirror grinding and milling processing method based on tool wear compensation Download PDFInfo
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- CN106271966A CN106271966A CN201610624023.9A CN201610624023A CN106271966A CN 106271966 A CN106271966 A CN 106271966A CN 201610624023 A CN201610624023 A CN 201610624023A CN 106271966 A CN106271966 A CN 106271966A
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- grinding
- milling
- tool wear
- face type
- reflecting surface
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/007—Weight compensation; Temperature compensation; Vibration damping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/02—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation according to the instantaneous size and required size of the workpiece acted upon, the measuring or gauging being continuous or intermittent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/16—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the load
- B24B49/165—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the load for grinding tyres
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of iterative super large caliber reflecting mirror grinding and milling processing method based on tool wear compensation, belong to large-aperture optical curved mirror processing technique field.The method of the present invention is the face type error of the last grinding back mirror minute surface of detection and assumes that above error, both from tool wear, by adjusting the nominal grinding depth of grinding on one's own initiative, compensates the face type error that tool wear causes；There is not the non-grinding feed distance of traditional diamond-making technique in the grinding and milling processing method of the present invention, thus improves grinding efficiency；And owing to it need not repeat cutter, it is possible to significantly improve the machining accuracy of milling.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of iterative super large caliber reflecting mirror precision grinding and milling processing method compensating tool wear, belong to
Optical surface mirror processing technique field.
Background technology
Along with ground based astronomy optical observation technology and the development of space optics technology, for the light harvesting of optical system
Ability, field range and resolution etc. propose the highest requirement.And increase reflecting mirror effective aperture as improving optics
Systematic function core the most and basic technological means so that super large caliber reflecting mirror is used for various optics more and more widely
In system.Along with the continuous increase of reflecting mirror bore, optical manufacturing efficiency and precision are proposed the highest requirement.
Large-scale bigger due to deadweight with super large caliber reflecting mirror, it is desirable to mirror structure is generally microlight-type lightweight structure.
Silicon carbide composite ceramic materials has stable performance, thermal coefficient of expansion is low, density is low, specific strength and the good thing such as specific stiffness is big
Reason mechanical property, is one of the ideal material of ultralight reflecting mirror.But, due to hardness (SiC: the Vickers that carbofrax material is high
Hardness 23.1-24.6GPa) and wearability, in its milling is processed, there is violent tool wear, reduce grinding accuracy and
Inefficient.This problem is the most prominent in the milling of heavy caliber and super large caliber reflecting mirror is processed.Heavy caliber and super large mouth
Footpath reflecting mirror, the grinding length of single feed reaches several kilometers, and the overall removal amount of blank often reaches tens million of cubic millimeter.
This makes the grinding depth of single feeding often cannot complete one-pass, and tool wear drastically influence grinding efficiency and essence
Degree.
Traditional silicon carbide composite ceramic materials milling is by the continuous feeding of grinding original position, milling being repeated several times
Completing, due to tool wear in milling processing, single is gone to and can not be switched to whole minute surface completely；After once go to needs exist
Original position to cutter, really switches to minute surface starting grinding position again；Along with being repeated continuously feed, idling stopping distance constantly adds
Long, unhewn length constantly reduces, to be finally completed the grinding of whole precision.There is substantial amounts of removal in this processing mode
Process time, and need in grinding original position repeatedly to cutter, reduce grinding accuracy.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of iterative super large caliber reflecting mirror milling based on tool wear compensation to add
Work method, both detected last grinding back mirror minute surface face type error and assume above error both from tool wear,
By adjusting the nominal grinding depth of grinding on one's own initiative, compensate the face type error that tool wear causes；This milling is processed
There is not the non-grinding feed distance of traditional diamond-making technique in method, thus improves grinding efficiency；And owing to it need not weight
Multiple to cutter, it is possible to significantly improve the machining accuracy of milling.
Iterative super large caliber reflecting mirror grinding and milling processing method based on tool wear compensation, this grinding and milling processing method uses
Equipment mainly include that five axle gantry mill grinding machine tools, contact surface type measurement probe, face type error and processor process and calculate
Machine；
The step realizing the method is as follows:
The first step: use five axle milling machine tool workings not have traditional milling processing feed one of cutter compensation to mirror surface
Secondary；
Second step: grinding minute surface is measured by surface type measurement probe；
3rd step: process computer by face type error and processor and be analyzed measurement data, determines current mill
Cut parameter lower grinding wheel rate of depreciation；
4th step: estimate rate of depreciation confidence coefficient, use face type error and processor process computer generate with
The processor of tool wear compensation；
5th step: grinding minute surface detection faces type error again, reappraises confidence coefficient by residual error, and repeats
Above procedure is until type error distribution in face meets reflecting surface requirement.
Further, the measurement process in described second step is:
Measure green surface, measure track and be expressed from the next with result:
zk=f (xk, yk)
Wherein, zkThe reflecting surface height recorded for side head, xk, ykIt is respectively the level seat measuring point under lathe coordinate system
Scale value；Using reflecting surface face shape parameter as invariant, using reflecting surface focus as variable, face type error RMS is as optimizing mesh
Mark, uses method of least square opposite type to be fitted, and uses the adaptive conjugated gradient method of variable step to optimize reflecting surface focus position
Put, survey face type relative deviation data e to theoretical reflectance face to obtaink, and by face type deviation data (xk, yk, ek) be interpolated into
Face type deviation data (x on machining locusi, yi, ei)；Face type error information is relative error data；In order to utilize relatively
Face type deviation data obtains tool wear, and opposite face type error should be converted into non-negative data:
Obtain the peak-to-valley value of face type
Further, in described 3rd step, the determination process of current grinding parameter lower grinding wheel rate of depreciation is: be first according to
Do not compensate processing mode establishment reflecting surface do not compensate the milling processor of tool wear and implement processing, then rise milling and add
Foreman, falls contact type measurement head, again measures reflecting surface, compare measured by PV value with name grinding depth ap, such as PV ＞
ap, carry out coarse compensation grinding；Such as PV≤ap, carry out essence and compensate grinding.
Further, described coarse compensation milling processor based on reflecting surface peak-to-valley value is expressed from the next:
Wherein, g is grinding tracing point (xi, yi) arrive grinding starting point (x0, y0) grinding distance, the grinding that L is total is long
Degree.
Further, described smart tool wear compensation milling processor based on the distribution of reflecting surface face type error is by following formula
Represent:
Beneficial effect:
There is not non-grinding feed in the grinding and milling processing method of the present invention, it is not necessary to repeats cutter, it is not necessary to by substantial amounts of milling
Mill processing experiment predefines the relation between tool wear speed and machined parameters, it is to avoid tool wear randomness is for cutter
The impact of tool wear-compensating process, improves grinding accuracy and milling working (machining) efficiency, easy to use.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram of the iterative grinding and milling processing method of tool wear compensation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the iterative grinding and milling processing method flow chart of tool wear compensation of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-five axle milling machine tool working, 2-milling emery wheel, 3-contact surface type measurement probe, 4-face type error and processing
Routine processes computer.
Detailed description of the invention
Develop simultaneously embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the processing unit (plant) of the grinding and milling processing method of the present invention includes five axle milling machine tool workings 1, milling emery wheel
2, pop one's head in 3 dough-making powder type errors and processor of contact surface type measurement processes computer 4；
The transverse and longitudinal gearshift that milling emery wheel 2 and contact surface type measurement probe 3 are separately mounted on five axle milling machine tool workings 1
Both sides, the data of detection are sent to face type error by contact surface type measurement probe 3 and processor processes computer 4, face
Type error and processor process computer 4 and control the motion of five axle milling machine tool workings 1 and milling emery wheel 2 by result of calculation
The depth of cut.
As shown in Figure 2, to realize step as follows for the grinding and milling processing method of the present invention:
Step one: set up reflecting surface threedimensional model according to the geometric parameter of reflecting surface, and by coordinate transform by three-dimensional mould
The geometry initial point of type moves at the working origin of machining tool, and reflecting surface is expressed as:
zp=f (x, y)
Wherein, x, y are respectively main shaft horizontal coordinate value under lathe coordinate system, zpFor reflecting surface altitude conversion to lathe
Main shaft z coordinate under coordinate.
Step 2: measure green surface, measures track and is expressed from the next with result:
zk=f (xk, yk)
Wherein, zkThe reflecting surface height recorded for side head, xk, ykIt is respectively the level seat measuring point under lathe coordinate system
Scale value.Using reflecting surface face shape parameter as invariant, using reflecting surface focus as variable, face type error RMS is as optimizing mesh
Mark, uses method of least square opposite type to be fitted, and uses the adaptive conjugated gradient method of variable step to optimize reflecting surface focus position
Put, survey face type relative deviation data e to theoretical reflectance face to obtaink, and by face type deviation data (xk, yk, ek) be interpolated into
Face type deviation data (x on machining locusi, yi, ei).Face type error information is relative error data.In order to utilize relatively
Face type deviation data obtains tool wear, and opposite face type error should be converted into non-negative data:
Obtain the peak-to-valley value of face type
Step 3: do not compensate the milling processor of tool wear according to not compensating processing mode establishment reflecting surface.Now
The contacting points position of milling emery wheel is expressed as:
zi=f (xi, yi)-ap
Wherein, xi, yiIt is respectively milling track horizontal coordinate value under lathe coordinate system, apFor name grinding depth；?
To cutter at the reflecting surface peak that step 2 records, use machining locus milling determined by the contacting points position formula of milling emery wheel
Mill reflecting surface.
Step 4: rise milling processing head, fall contact type measurement head, again measure reflecting surface, compare measured by PV
Value and name grinding depth ap, such as PV ＞ ap, enter step 5 and carry out coarse compensation grinding；Such as PV≤ap, enter step 7 and enter
Row essence compensates grinding.
Step 5: carry out thick tool wear compensation milling based on reflecting surface PV processing.Assume the face type error overwhelming majority
From tool wear, but face type error is inevitable uneven with part motion error of machine tool, temperature deformation error, support stiffness
Deng other source of errors.Meanwhile, milling is processed with certain randomness, and tool wear is per se with certain uncertainty.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to introduce confidence coefficient Q of tool abrasion, so that wear-compensating amount suitably to be reduced, it is to avoid processing result dissipates.
Step 6: thick tool wear compensation milling processor based on reflecting surface PV is expressed from the next:
Wherein, g is grinding tracing point (xi, yi) arrive grinding starting point (x0, y0) grinding distance, the grinding that L is total is long
Degree.
Step 7: constantly repetition step 4 is to step 6, and adjusts confidence coefficient Q, until PV≤ap。
Step 8: carry out smart tool wear compensation milling processing based on the distribution of reflecting surface face type error, in order to ensure face
Type restrains, and estimates confidence coefficient Q.
Step 9: smart tool wear compensation milling processor based on the distribution of reflecting surface face type error is expressed from the next:
Step 10: again the surface after processing is carried out surface type measurement, obtain new face type error result.
Step 11: compare twice type error distribution of before and after, confidence coefficient Q is adjusted；Repeat above step nine
To 11, until type error distribution in face meets reflecting surface requirement.
To 4M diameter silicon carbide Si mirror after the Novel milling grinding process through about 300 man-hours is processed, minute surface face
Type is reduced to about PV0.1mm by about PV1.9mm.This programme carries grinding and milling processing method and only just can complete with one-pass
The convergence of about PV0.2mm, traditional processing method needs 4 to 5 feeds just can complete the face type convergence effect of suitable magnitude.
Compared with traditional SiC reflecting mirror milling-grinding process, the processing method efficiency that this patent proposes improves 3 to 4 times.
In sum, these are only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.
All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement etc. made, should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (5)
1. iterative super large caliber reflecting mirror grinding and milling processing method based on tool wear compensation, it is characterised in that this milling adds
The equipment that work method uses mainly includes five axle gantry mill grinding machine tools, contact surface type measurement probe dough-making powder type error and adds engineering
Sequence processes computer；
The step realizing the method is as follows:
The first step: use five axle milling machine tool workings not have traditional milling processing feed of cutter compensation to mirror surface once；
Second step: grinding minute surface is measured by surface type measurement probe；
3rd step: process computer by face type error and processor and measurement data is analyzed, determine that current grinding is joined
Number lower grinding wheel rate of depreciation；
4th step: estimate rate of depreciation confidence coefficient, uses face type error and processor to process computer and generates with cutter
The processor of wear-compensating；
5th step: grinding minute surface detection faces type error again, reappraises more than confidence coefficient, and repetition by residual error
Process is until type error distribution in face meets reflecting surface requirement.
2. iterative super large caliber reflecting mirror grinding and milling processing method based on tool wear compensation as claimed in claim 1, its
Being characterised by, the measurement process in described second step is:
Measure green surface, measure track and be expressed from the next with result:
zk=f (xk, yk)
Wherein, zkThe reflecting surface height recorded for side head, xk, ykIt is respectively the horizontal coordinate value measuring point under lathe coordinate system；
Using reflecting surface face shape parameter as invariant, as optimization aim, make using reflecting surface focus as variable, face type error RMS
It is fitted by method of least square opposite type, uses the adaptive conjugated gradient method of variable step to optimize reflecting surface focal position, with
Obtain surveyed face type relative deviation data e to theoretical reflectance facek, and by face type deviation data (xk, yk, ek) it is interpolated into processing
Face type deviation data (x on tracki, yi, ei)；Face type error information is relative error data；In order to utilize opposite face type
Deviation data obtains tool wear, and opposite face type error should be converted into non-negative data:
Obtain the peak-to-valley value of face type
3. iterative super large caliber reflecting mirror grinding and milling processing method based on tool wear compensation as claimed in claim 1, its
Being characterised by, in described 3rd step, the determination process of current grinding parameter lower grinding wheel rate of depreciation is: is first according to not compensate and adds
Work mode is worked out reflecting surface and is not compensated the milling processor of tool wear and implement processing, then rises milling processing head, fall
Lower contact type measurement head, measures reflecting surface again, compare measured by PV value with name grinding depth ap, such as PV ＞ ap, carry out thick
Compensate grinding；Such as PV≤ap, carry out essence and compensate grinding.
4. iterative super large caliber reflecting mirror grinding and milling processing method based on tool wear compensation as claimed in claim 1, its
Being characterised by, described coarse compensation milling processor based on reflecting surface peak-to-valley value is expressed from the next:
Wherein, g is grinding tracing point (xi, yi) arrive grinding starting point (x0, y0) grinding distance, L is total grinding length.
5. iterative super large caliber reflecting mirror grinding and milling processing method based on tool wear compensation as claimed in claim 1, its
Being characterised by, described smart tool wear compensation milling processor based on the distribution of reflecting surface face type error is expressed from the next:
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107571107A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-01-12 | 南京纽美瑞数控科技有限公司 | A kind of internal grinding replacing emery wheel exempts from the method for grinding to knife |
| CN108296931A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-07-20 | 成都精密光学工程研究中心 | A kind of nutation type plane polishing device of belt wear compensation |
| CN109212751A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-15 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | A kind of analysis method of free form surface tolerance |
| CN109483365A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-19 | 天津津航技术物理研究所 | A kind of calcium fluoride material ladder revolution non-spherical lens processing method |
| CN110052916A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-26 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Heavy caliber wedge optical element ultraprecise combined shaping grinding attachment and processing method |
| CN111857038A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-10-30 | 上海中船三井造船柴油机有限公司 | Parameterized machining method of machine frame on numerical control planer type milling machine |
| CN113941905A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-18 | 湖南工学院 | Error and path compensation method for efficient and precise machining of ore-raising pipeline |
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| CN103056759A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-04-24 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Robot grinding system based on feedback of sensor |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107571107A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2018-01-12 | 南京纽美瑞数控科技有限公司 | A kind of internal grinding replacing emery wheel exempts from the method for grinding to knife |
| CN107571107B (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2019-03-29 | 南京纽美瑞数控科技有限公司 | A kind of internal grinding replacement grinding wheel exempts from the method for grinding to knife |
| CN108296931A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-07-20 | 成都精密光学工程研究中心 | A kind of nutation type plane polishing device of belt wear compensation |
| CN109212751A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-15 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | A kind of analysis method of free form surface tolerance |
| CN109212751B (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2021-08-13 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Method for analyzing tolerance of free-form surface |
| CN109483365A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-19 | 天津津航技术物理研究所 | A kind of calcium fluoride material ladder revolution non-spherical lens processing method |
| CN109483365B (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2020-09-08 | 天津津航技术物理研究所 | Method for processing calcium fluoride material step rotary aspheric lens |
| CN110052916A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-26 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Heavy caliber wedge optical element ultraprecise combined shaping grinding attachment and processing method |
| CN111857038A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-10-30 | 上海中船三井造船柴油机有限公司 | Parameterized machining method of machine frame on numerical control planer type milling machine |
| CN113941905A (en) * | 2021-10-25 | 2022-01-18 | 湖南工学院 | Error and path compensation method for efficient and precise machining of ore-raising pipeline |
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