CN106245437B - 用于纸质文物修复可识别荧光涂料、可识别荧光用纸及其制备方法 - Google Patents

用于纸质文物修复可识别荧光涂料、可识别荧光用纸及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106245437B
CN106245437B CN201610588970.7A CN201610588970A CN106245437B CN 106245437 B CN106245437 B CN 106245437B CN 201610588970 A CN201610588970 A CN 201610588970A CN 106245437 B CN106245437 B CN 106245437B
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龚德才
何鑫
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于纸质文物修复可识别荧光涂料，包括下述组分：表面加固剂0.2～0.4％，无机紫外荧光粉0.1～0.5％，其余组分均为稀释剂。采用本发明提供的荧光纸对纸质文物进行修复，修复的文物日光下难以看出痕迹，在紫外光照射下，却很容易识别，能够达到良好的可识别效果；实现了文物修复可识别又美观的业界难题。并且修复用纸耐久性好，且对文物无损，真正体现了文物修复可识别的“和而不同”的理念，同时该修复用纸安全环保，对文物以及环境没有负面作用。

Description

用于纸质文物修复可识别荧光涂料、可识别荧光用纸及其制 备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及文物修复技术领域，尤其涉及纸质文物修复可识别荧光涂料、可识别荧光用纸及其制备方法。
背景技术
造纸术是中国古代四大发明之一，承载了中华民族的辉煌历史和灿烂文化。从汉代至今已有千年历史，各种纸质文物更是品类繁多：历朝历代的书画、手稿、经卷、报纸、书信等纸质文物，都是我们研究时代更迭、人类进步的绝佳资料。但是与青铜等文物相比，纸质文物又显得格外的脆弱敏感，容易老化、虫蛀，因此大多数纸质文物都需要修复保护，需要工作人员具有较高的专业水准，对缺损的纸张进行修补。近些年，西方现代修复理念逐渐渗透我国，西方的修复原则更加注重从理性的角度去看待文物本身，避免更多人为因素对文物的干扰，强调修复过程的客观性、原真性、可识别性。但西方推崇的识别方式并不符合我国传统审美文化，我国传统修复讲究″整旧如旧″原则，因此我国出版的《中国文物古迹保护准则》规定经过修复处理的部分应与原物部分既相协调，又可识别。在现阶段，纸质文物的保护研究一直是我们文物人关注的重点，国内纸张修复领域尚未找出良好的办法来处理纸质文物修复部位与原件的″和而不同″，文物修复″可识别″仍是业界难题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供纸质文物修复可识别荧光涂料、可识别荧光用纸及其制备方法，使得纸质文物的修复部位肉眼难以看出，又可在紫外光下识别。
本发明的用于纸质文物修复可识别荧光涂料，其原料组成为：
表面加固剂 0.2～0.4％
无机紫外荧光粉 0.1～0.5％
稀释剂 余量。
优选的，各原料组成为：
表面加固剂 0.2％
无机紫外荧光粉 0.4％
稀释剂 余量。
优选的，所述表面加固剂为羟丙基甲基纤维素。
优选的，所述无机紫外荧光粉为稀土三基色荧光蓝粉。
优选的，所述稀释剂为丙酮。
上述所述的用于纸质文物修复可识别荧光涂料的制备方法，包括步骤：
A)将表面加固剂与稀释剂混合均匀，得到纸张表面加固材料；
B)将无机紫外荧光粉与纸张表面加固材料混合均匀，得到纸张荧光涂料。
本发明荧光涂料的应用，是将纸张荧光涂料涂刷于修复原纸之上，即得到所述纸张文物修复可识别荧光用纸。对于所述修复原纸用的材料，当然最好是与文物纸张纤维原料相类似的为佳，此为本领域技术人员之常识。
本发明还提供了一种用于纸质文物修复可识别荧光用纸，其是在文物修复原纸表面上涂覆有本发明所述的可识别荧光涂料。
采用本发明提供的荧光纸对纸质文物进行修复，修复的文物日光下难以看出痕迹，在波长365nm的紫外光照射下，却很容易识别，能够达到良好的可识别效果；实现了文物修复可识别又美观的业界难题。并且修复用纸耐久性好，且对文物无损，真正体现了文物修复可识别的″和而不同″的理念，同时该修复用纸安全环保，对文物以及环境没有负面作用。
具体实施方式
下述实施例是对于本发明内容的进一步说明，以作为对本发明技术内容的阐释，但本发明的实质内容并不仅限于下述实施例所述，本领域的普通技术人员可以且应当知晓任何基于本发明实质精神的简单变化或替换均应属于本发明所要求的保护范围。
实施例
本发明的纸质文物修复可识别荧光用纸的制备方法，包括步骤：
A)将表面加固剂与稀释剂混合均匀，得到纸张表面加固材料；
B)将无机紫外荧光粉与表面加固材料混合均匀，得到纸张荧光涂料；
C)将纸张荧光涂料涂刷于修复原纸之上，得到所述纸张文物修复可识别荧光用纸。
采用上述方法，分别从加固剂、稀释剂和荧光剂的选择进行实验验证：
(1)加固剂的类型及其浓度选择实验(其它条件相同，仅对加固剂进行实验)
分别选用硅丙S9、硅丙S6、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)作为纸张加固剂，并选用丙酮作为稀释剂，加入等量的无机荧光粉制成可识别荧光涂料，并将其刷涂于纸张原纸表面；对加固后的荧光纸进行老化，检测纸张的力学性能(如表1)，抗张强度按照GB/T 453-2002进行。
本实验选用热老化纸张，即纸将张放入105℃的烘箱中，持续高温老化。本实验选用的羟丙基甲基纤维素为山东瑞泰化工(集团)有限公司生产；本实验选用的硅丙S9为中国建筑科学研究院硅丙涂料实验室生产；本实验选用的硅丙S6为中国建筑科学研究院硅丙涂料实验室生产。本实验选用的无机紫外荧光粉为稀土三基色荧光蓝粉。本实验选用纸样为安徽泾县九隆纸长生产的手工纯皮料古籍修复纸。
表1
由表1可见，硅丙S9、硅丙S6加固后的纸张力学性能良好，且加固剂的浓度越高，纸张力学性能越好，加固效果良好；但是浓度过高的硅丙S9、硅丙S6会改变纸张的外观形貌，纸张外层膜感很重，外观透明。而羟丙基甲基纤维素加固的纸张，加固后外观几乎无变化，手感良好，且老化后纸张不泛黄，抗张性能下降的相对较小，故而选用羟丙基甲基纤维素作为纸张的加固剂。此外，随着羟丙基甲基纤维素的浓度的增加，纸张加固效果更好，但是老化后的样品，高浓度的羟丙基甲基纤维素加固纸，其力学强度反而大幅度下降，综合考虑，羟丙基甲基纤维素的浓度选用0.2％最佳。
(2)稀释剂的类型选择(其它条件相同，仅对稀释剂进行实验)
分别选用乙醇、丙酮这两种极性较小的有机溶剂作为稀释剂，稀释等量的羟丙基甲基纤维素，加入相同剂量的无机荧光粉制成可识别荧光涂料，并将其刷涂于纸张原纸表面；检测荧光原纸以及老化后的荧光纸的抗张强度和耐折度(如表2)。
对纸张加固前后的抗张强度和耐折度进行检测，抗张强度按照GB/T 453-2002进行，耐折度按照GB/T 457-2002进行。每组5个试样取测试的平均值，测定的是纸的纵向。
本实验选用热老化纸张，即将纸张放入105℃的烘箱中，持续高温老化；本实验选用的无机紫外荧光粉为稀土三基色荧光蓝粉；本实验选用的羟丙基甲基纤维素为山东瑞泰化工(集团)有限公司生产；本实验选用纸样为安徽泾县九隆纸长生产的手工纯皮料古籍修复纸。
表2
由表2，可见，稀释剂的选择影响了纸张的加固效果，使用乙醇和水作为稀释剂的效果差别不大，而使用丙酮的效果明显优于前两者，故而选用丙酮作为稀释剂为佳。
(3)荧光剂的类型及用量选择(其它条件相同，仅对荧光剂进行实验)
选用羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)作为纸张加固剂，并选用丙酮作为稀释剂，再分别选用VBL固体粉状荧光剂（双[三嗪氨基]二苯乙烯类荧光增白剂)、BA固体粉状荧光剂(二苯乙烯双三嗪型衍生物)以及稀土三基色荧光蓝粉(低价铕激活的铝酸钡镁[BaMg2Al16O27：Eu])三种荧光剂，并将其刷涂于纸张原纸表面；将纸样晾干后，用白度仪进行ISO白度测定，再将测定过的纸样热老化，检测老化后白度，实验结果下(见表3)。
本实验选用热老化纸张，即将纸张放入105℃的烘箱中，持续高温老化；本实验选用的无机紫外荧光粉为稀土三基色荧光蓝粉；本实验选用的羟丙基甲基纤维素为山东瑞泰化工(集团)有限公司生产；本实验选用纸样为安徽泾县九隆纸厂生产的手工纯皮料古籍修复纸。
表3
由表3可见，VBL、BA类固体粉状荧光剂的加入会大幅度增加纸张白度，影响修复用纸的外观形貌，不符合修复纸质文物的要求。而加入稀土三基色荧光蓝粉之后，纸张的白度增加较小，老化后白度下降较少；且稀土三基色荧光蓝粉为无机荧光剂，相比于VBL、BA类的有机荧光剂，荧光蓝粉具有高度的耐候性、耐热性和耐化学品性，是良好的纸张荧光剂。此外，随着稀土三基色荧光蓝粉用量的增加，纸张白度增大，而老化后的白度在用量为0.4％的时候下降最小。因此综合分析，选用荧光剂为稀土三基色荧光蓝粉，用量为0.4％时最佳。
由上述实施例可知，本发明采用特定荧光粉制备得到纸质文物修复可识别荧光用纸，于紫外光下可识别度高，且对文物无损。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于纸质文物修复可识别荧光涂料，其原料组成为：
表面加固剂 0.2 ％
无机紫外荧光粉 0.4 ％
稀释剂 余量；
所述表面加固剂为羟丙基甲基纤维素；所述无机紫外荧光粉为稀土三基色荧光蓝粉；所述稀释剂为丙酮。
2.一种权利要求1所述的用于纸质文物修复可识别荧光涂料的制备方法，包括步骤：
A）将表面加固剂与稀释剂混合均匀，得到纸张表面加固材料；
B）将无机紫外荧光粉与纸张表面加固材料混合均匀，得到纸张荧光涂料。
3.一种用于纸质文物修复可识别荧光用纸，其特征在于，在文物修复原纸表面上涂覆有权利要求1所述可识别荧光涂料或者涂覆有由权利要求2所述制备方法得到的可识别荧光涂料。
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