CN106244307A - 可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物 - Google Patents
可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106244307A CN106244307A CN201610620388.4A CN201610620388A CN106244307A CN 106244307 A CN106244307 A CN 106244307A CN 201610620388 A CN201610620388 A CN 201610620388A CN 106244307 A CN106244307 A CN 106244307A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- biodegradable
- engine
- base oil
- gasoline engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/048—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of compounds of unknown or incompletely defined constitution, non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/0206—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
- C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
- C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
一种可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物,由88.799%~85.797%的复合基础油和添加剂组成,复合基础油由季戊四醇酯和聚α‑烯烃复合而成。本发明的可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物,具有黏温性能好、优良的低温性能、低挥发性、高抗剪切稳定性、热氧化安定性、抗结焦、清净分散性、沉积物控制能力、降低金属表面的摩擦系数等优点;其组分稳定,可降解性能良好,对环境友好,特别适用于车用润滑油。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发动机油组合物,特别是可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物。
背景技术
随着发动机技术不断更新,汽车工业得到了飞速发展。汽油发动机主要包括轴和轴承、活塞和气缸、凸轮和推杆、齿轮、阀等运动副。与其他机械相比,汽油发动机具有体积功率高、温度高、温差大、运动速度快、载荷重等特点。活塞等运动副在发动机内做往复运动,输出功率,造成运动副载荷大、温度高,而发动机油在运动副表面形成保护膜,不仅能减少摩擦力,降低部件磨损程度,而且能带走燃烧所产生的热量,避免发动机过热;此外,发动机在工作过程中产生的沉积物、磨损颗粒和外来杂物等,可通过发动机油的循环流动把它们从摩擦面清洗下来,保持发动机的清洁,延长油品的使用寿命。研究发动机油,推动油品不断更新换代,也为发动机技术发展提供了技术支持,延长发动机油换油期和提高燃油经济性等都成为社会关注的焦点。
当今环保法规对发动机油的要求日趋严格,高质量的超低硫燃油和低硫、低磷、低灰分发动机油将广泛应用。此外,开发新型能源替代产品,缓解能源紧缺压力,是各国致力研究的重点。合成型基础油不但满足发动机润滑对基础油的要求,还具备矿物油所没有的性能,综合性能完善,对环境友好,可降解、再生。现今,合成型发动机油已经开始占据了高品质发动机油市场,绿色环保可生物降解发动机油成为了研究热点。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种黏温性能和低温性能好、低挥发性、高抗剪切稳定性、热氧化安定性、抗结焦、清净分散性、沉积物控制能力好、降低金属表面的摩擦系数、组分稳定,对环境友好的可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物。
本发明以如下技术方案解决上述技术问题:
本发明的润滑油各组分及其质量百分数为:
以上各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
基础油由质量比40%~60%季戊四醇酯与60%~40%聚α-烯烃PAO复合而成;
制备季戊四醇酯的主要原料来自地沟油,制得的季戊四醇酯的理化性质为:运动粘度(100℃)9.37mm2/s,密度(20℃)0.8kg/m3,酸值0.11mgKOH/g,凝点-22℃,闪点216℃。
清净剂由质量比50%低碱度的硼化磺酸盐和50%硫化烷基酚盐复合;
分散剂由质量比40%~60%的双烯基丁二酸亚胺与60%~40%的聚异丁烯双丁二酰亚胺(高氮)复合;
抗氧防腐剂是硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐;
抗氧助剂是二硫代磷酸钼;
抗泡剂是二甲基硅油;
减活剂是噻二唑衍生物;
缓蚀剂是由质量比60%~40%苯并三氮唑和40%~60%石油磺酸钠复合。
本发明的可生物降解汽油发动机油,具有黏温性能好、优良的低温性能、低挥发性、高抗剪切稳定性、热氧化安定性、抗结焦、清净分散性、沉积物控制能力、降低金属表面的摩擦系数等优点;其组分稳定,可降解性能良好,对环境友好,特别适用于车用润滑油。
具体实施方式
本发明汽油发动机油的基础油组分之一为季戊四醇酯,它的制取过程是将餐厨废弃油脂经过除杂、脱水、脱酸、脱色等精制处理,在酸性条件下发生水解得到游离脂肪酸,将游离脂肪酸与季戊四醇进行酯化反应,并经过一系列精制得到季戊四醇酯。以餐厨废弃油脂为原料制取润滑油基础油,其意义有:1.对废弃油脂进行资源化利用,避免不法商贩炼制地沟油,使其重回餐桌,危害人们饮食健康;2.以废弃油脂制取合成油,原料来源丰富,减缓了能源紧缺的问题;3.合成油型基础油性能良好,组分单元,性质稳定,季戊四醇酯能满足油品润滑的需求,适用于多种设备的润滑。表1为本申请所用的季戊四醇酯的理化性质。
表1季戊四醇酯的理化性质
基础油是汽油发动机油的一个重要组成部分,其基本物理化学性能主要由基础油决定,而且基础油对汽油机油使用性能影响显著。采用餐厨废弃油脂制取得到的季戊四醇酯与聚α-烯烃复合作为汽油发动机油的基础油,增强了基础油的整体性能,与矿物油相比,具有更好的流动性、低温泵送能力和剪切安定性等,更适用于汽油发动机的润滑。汽油发动机强调燃油经济性和机油较长的换油期,本发明选择性能优良的季戊四醇酯和聚α-烯烃全合成型基础油,其摩擦系数小,对降低发动机系统的能耗起到明显的积极作用。
此外,在基础油中加入多种功能型添加剂,添加剂组分直接形成协同效应,较使用单种添加剂的性能明显增强,使汽油发动机油的性能更加全面,综合性能更为完善,使得发动机系统工作效率显著提高,不但提高了燃油燃烧效率和更佳的燃油经济性,而且使得排放系统达到最佳状态,实现近零排放。
其中,硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐是一种优良的抗氧防腐剂,能够有效抑制油品氧化变质,且能紧密附着在元件表面形成保护膜;此外,硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐和抗氧助剂二硫代磷酸钼共同作用,能增强自身的抗氧防腐效果,不但延长油品的换油期,还保护了发动机系统。
实施例1
将下列各组分按其质量百分比调和而成:
实施例2
将下列各组分按其质量百分比调和而成:
实施例3
将下列各组分按其质量百分比调和而成:
以下是实施例3的可生物降解汽油发动机油技术参数测定结果:
可生物降解汽油发动机油典型数据
经实验测定,表明本发明汽油机油采用全合成型基础油,不但绿色环保可再生,性能稳定,而且基础油中的季戊四醇酯组分原料来源于废弃油脂,价格低廉,从而极大降低了生产成本。此外,油品具有较低的蒸发损失,极大减少了发动机油使用过程的损耗,降低了使用成本。
Claims (10)
1.一种可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物,包括复合基础油和添加剂,其特征是本发明的润滑油组合物各组分及其质量百分数为:
以上各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
2.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物,其特征是基础油由质量比40%~60%季戊四醇酯与60%~40%聚α-烯烃PAO复合。
3.如权利要求2所述的可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物,其特征是制备季戊四醇酯的主要原料来自地沟油,制得的季戊四醇酯理化性质为:100℃运动粘度9.37mm2/s,20℃密度kg/m3,酸值0.11mgKOH/g,凝点-22℃,闪点216℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物,其特征是清净剂是由质量比50%低碱度的硼化磺酸盐和50%硫化烷基酚盐复合。
5.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物,其特征是分散剂由质量比40%~60%的双烯基丁二酸亚胺与60%~40%的高氮聚异丁烯双丁二酰亚胺复合。
6.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物,其特征是抗氧防腐剂是硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐。
7.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物,其特征是抗氧助剂是二硫代磷酸钼。
8.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物,其特征是抗泡剂是二甲基硅油。
9.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物,其特征是减活剂是噻二唑衍生物。
10.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物,其特征是缓蚀剂由质量比60%~40%苯并三氮唑和40%~60%石油磺酸钠复合。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610620388.4A CN106244307A (zh) | 2016-07-29 | 2016-07-29 | 可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610620388.4A CN106244307A (zh) | 2016-07-29 | 2016-07-29 | 可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106244307A true CN106244307A (zh) | 2016-12-21 |
Family
ID=57606679
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610620388.4A Pending CN106244307A (zh) | 2016-07-29 | 2016-07-29 | 可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN106244307A (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106701288A (zh) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-24 | 广西谛恒生物能源投资有限公司 | 一种均质充气压缩点燃式发动机润滑剂组合物 |
CN109694769A (zh) * | 2017-10-23 | 2019-04-30 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | 一种可生物降解的船用发动机润滑油 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101982534A (zh) * | 2010-10-20 | 2011-03-02 | 广东三和化工科技有限公司 | 一种节能型长寿命汽油机油 |
CN104087379A (zh) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-10-08 | 广西大学 | 一种以废旧塑料油为燃料的发动机油组合物 |
CN104726185A (zh) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-06-24 | 上海应用技术学院 | 一种环保节能的汽油机油及其制备方法 |
CN104962366A (zh) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-10-07 | 广西大学 | 一种无连杆高速汽油发动机润滑剂 |
CN105695054A (zh) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-06-22 | 北京雅士科莱恩石油化工有限公司 | 一种超低粘度的节能汽油机油及其制备方法 |
CN105695065A (zh) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-06-22 | 河北鑫达润滑油科技有限公司 | 节能环保型汽油发动机润滑油 |
-
2016
- 2016-07-29 CN CN201610620388.4A patent/CN106244307A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101982534A (zh) * | 2010-10-20 | 2011-03-02 | 广东三和化工科技有限公司 | 一种节能型长寿命汽油机油 |
CN104087379A (zh) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-10-08 | 广西大学 | 一种以废旧塑料油为燃料的发动机油组合物 |
CN104726185A (zh) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-06-24 | 上海应用技术学院 | 一种环保节能的汽油机油及其制备方法 |
CN104962366A (zh) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-10-07 | 广西大学 | 一种无连杆高速汽油发动机润滑剂 |
CN105695054A (zh) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-06-22 | 北京雅士科莱恩石油化工有限公司 | 一种超低粘度的节能汽油机油及其制备方法 |
CN105695065A (zh) * | 2016-03-29 | 2016-06-22 | 河北鑫达润滑油科技有限公司 | 节能环保型汽油发动机润滑油 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106701288A (zh) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-24 | 广西谛恒生物能源投资有限公司 | 一种均质充气压缩点燃式发动机润滑剂组合物 |
CN109694769A (zh) * | 2017-10-23 | 2019-04-30 | 中国海洋石油集团有限公司 | 一种可生物降解的船用发动机润滑油 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103113967B (zh) | 环境友好节能汽油发动机润滑油 | |
CN104498144B (zh) | 一种通用型合成汽柴油润滑油及其制备方法 | |
CN102031190A (zh) | 一种切削油及其制备方法 | |
CN103205307B (zh) | 环境友好节能型柴油发动机油 | |
CN102851102B (zh) | 一种甲醇汽油发动机专用润滑油及其制备方法 | |
CN103571565B (zh) | 蓖麻基乙醇燃料发动机油组合物 | |
CN108913311A (zh) | 柴油发动机的润滑油组合物 | |
CN102212411B (zh) | 一种制药行业通用机械润滑油 | |
CN104087375B (zh) | 一种水煤浆混合燃料发动机油组合物 | |
CN105132098A (zh) | 内燃机润滑油添加剂组合物及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN103695135B (zh) | 蓖麻基燃气燃料发动机油组合物 | |
CN107892986A (zh) | 一种羧基功能化石墨烯润滑油及其制备方法 | |
CN109370721A (zh) | 剪切稳定性优异的重负荷车辆齿轮油组合物及其制备方法 | |
CN106244307A (zh) | 可生物降解汽油发动机油组合物 | |
CN101724497B (zh) | 一种切削油 | |
CN104152212A (zh) | 一种润滑油及其制备方法 | |
CN104673461B (zh) | 一种利用再生油生产的空气压缩机油组合物 | |
CN102618364A (zh) | 高功率密度柴油机润滑油组合物 | |
CN104498141B (zh) | 蓖麻基平列式多燃料柴油发动机润滑剂组合物 | |
CN103194299A (zh) | 一种可以生物降解的润滑油 | |
CN103965990B (zh) | 一种改善二烷基二硫代磷酸锌与基础油相容性的方法 | |
KR101336294B1 (ko) | 초극압용 윤활유 조성물 및 그 제조방법 | |
CN101993768B (zh) | 一种多功能润滑脂及其制备方法 | |
CN112226262A (zh) | 一种全合成干式双离合变速器油及其制备方法 | |
CN106281601A (zh) | 可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20161221 |
|
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |