CN106281601A - 可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物 - Google Patents
可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物,由85.399%~80.470%的复合基础油和添加剂组成,基础油由季戊四醇酯和聚α‑烯烃复合而成。本发明的可生物降解柴油发动机油,具有良好的抗氧化性能,可以有效防止高温造成的发动机油氧化变质或产生沉积物;抗腐蚀性能突出,可以有效中和腐蚀性物质及油品氧化产生的酸性物质,降低发动机腐蚀;具有适当的灰分,其抗磨、减摩性能优良,组分稳定、无毒、无刺激、有良好的可生物降解性能、可以保护发动机、尤其是车用发动机在连续高负载的工况下正常工作。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发动机油组合物,特别是可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物。
背景技术
柴油发动机油发展的推动力主要是节省自然资源和保护环境方面的要求,因此可生物降解性柴油机油仍是汽车研究重要的课题。发动机油的主要作用是降低发动机运动副摩擦和减少磨损,防止在发动机中形成沉积物,提高油品的润滑性能,延缓发动机油氧化,延长发动机油的使用寿命。这就要求发动机油既要有性能好的基础油又同时加有相应功能的添加剂,以满足发动机油的各项性能要求。随着发动机系统的不断升级,发动机油品质的更新换代,传统的矿物型润滑油已不能满足人们对润滑油综合性能及环境友好性能的要求,可生物降解发动机油越来越受到重视。季戊四醇酯具有良好的可生物降解性能,现今已被运用于航空发动机油、燃气透平油等领域。此外,季戊四醇酯型基础油粘度随温度的变化小,在相同条件下的凝点比矿物油的凝点低,低温粘度小,这对发动机的低温泵送能力降低了要求,从而保护发动机,延长发动机的使用寿命。季戊四醇酯在高温下也较难分解,且不易产生积碳和油泥,抑制了油品氧化衰败,从而对油品起到了保护作用,延长油品的使用期。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有良好的抗氧化性能,有效防止高温造成的发动机油氧化变质或产生沉积物、抗腐蚀性能突出、灰分适当、抗磨、减摩性能优良、组分稳定、无毒、无刺激、可生物降解性能良好、可保护发动机在连续高负载的工况下正常工作的可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物。
本发明以如下技术方案解决上述技术问题
本发明的润滑油组合物各组分及其质量百分数为:
以上组分质量百分数之和为100%。
基础油由质量比40%~60%季戊四醇酯和60%~40%聚α-烯烃PAO复合而成。
制备季戊四醇酯的主要原料来自地沟油,制得的季戊四醇酯的理化性质为:运动粘度(100℃)9.37mm2/s,密度(20℃)0.8kg/m3,酸值0.11mgKOH/g,凝点-22℃,闪点216℃。
清净剂由质量比40%~60%低碱值石油磺酸钠与60%~40%高碱值石油磺酸钠复合。
分散剂是双烯基丁二酰亚胺。
抗氧防腐剂是硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐。
抗氧剂由质量比30%~70%2.6-二叔丁基对甲酚与70%~30%二烷基二苯胺复合。
油性剂是磷酸酯。
金属钝化剂是噻二唑衍生物。
防锈剂由质量比50%有机磷型咪唑啉化合物和50%十二烯基丁二酸复合。
抗泡剂是二甲基硅油。
本发明的可生物降解柴油发动机油,具有良好的抗氧化性能,可以有效防止高温造成的发动机油氧化变质或产生沉积物;抗腐蚀性能突出,可以有效中和腐蚀性物质及油品氧化产生的酸性物质,降低发动机腐蚀;具有适当的灰分,其抗磨、减摩性能优良,组分稳定、无毒、无刺激、有良好的可生物降解性能、可以保护发动机、尤其是车用发动机在连续高负载的工况下正常工作。
具体实施方式
季戊四醇酯具有大极性集团酯基,能使其在金属表面形成一个稳定的油膜,提高油品的润滑性,且在基础油组分中加入聚α-烯烃能显著降低基础油的摩擦系数。季戊四醇酯和聚α-烯烃复合的基础油结焦少、生成油泥倾向性小,在基础油中添加少量的清净剂和分散剂可避免油品出现积碳、油泥等沉积物,确保发动机油的安全使用。低碱值石油磺酸钠与高碱值石油磺酸钠复合作为清净剂,可以避免油品的碱值过高,损坏发动机部件。硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐是一种优良的抗氧防腐剂,发动机工作时,活性硫、磷元素可以与发动机元件表面金属发生化学反应,形成致密的化学膜牢牢附着在元件表面,从而达到保护的目的。
餐厨垃圾是指除居民日常生活以外的食品加工、饮食服务、单位供餐等活动中产生的厨余废弃物和废弃食用油脂,占居民生活垃圾的30%~40%。据调研,餐厨垃圾约含有3.0%~5.0%废弃油脂,不法商贩将餐厨垃圾中的油脂加工炼制成食用油。这种油含有黄曲霉素、苯等有毒物质,对人们的健康饮食造成严重影响。规范处理餐厨废弃油脂,受到了环保部门以及人们的重视与关注。本发明采用由餐厨废弃油脂研制得到的季戊四醇酯作为柴油发动机油的基础油组分之一,与矿物型基础油相比,不仅可生物降解性能优异,而且赋予油品良好润滑性、低温流动性能以及不易形成积碳和油泥等性能,满足发动机润滑要求的同时,还避免了环境污染。
季戊四醇酯制取过程为:餐厨废弃油脂经过除杂、脱水、脱酸、脱色等精制处理,在酸性条件下发生水解得到游离脂肪酸,将游离脂肪酸与季戊四醇进行酯化反应,并经过一系列精制得到季戊四醇酯。表1为本发明所用的季戊四醇酯的理化性质。
表1季戊四醇酯的理化性质
本发明采用季戊四醇酯和聚α-烯烃调合得到的油品属于全合成型,加之多种功能型添加剂的协同增效作用,使油品具有良好的综合性能,不仅延长了油品换油期、节省能耗,同时保护发动机系统、延长发动机的使用寿命。
实施例1
将以下各组分按其质量百分数调和而成:
实施例2
将以下各组分按其质量百分数调和而成:
实施例3
将以下各组分按其质量百分数调和而成:
以下是实施例2的可生物降解柴油发动机油技术参数测定结果:
可生物降解柴油发动机油典型数据
经实验测定,可以发现:本发明柴油机油粘温性能较好,在较高的工作温度下,也可保证较好的润滑性能;油品的灰分较低,减少了发动机燃烧室和活塞机排气阀等部位的沉积物增加,延长发动机易损件的使用寿命;油品抗泡性能优良,在发动机运转过程中及时消泡,避免因泡沫存在而导致部件的润滑不良,从而达到保护发动机的目的。
Claims (10)
1.一种可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物,包括复合基础油和添加剂,其特征是各组分及其质量百分数为:
以上各组分质量百分比之和为100%。
2.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物,其特征是基础油由质量比40%~60%季戊四醇酯与60%~40%聚α-烯烃PAO复合而成。
3.如权利要求2所述的可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物,其特征是制备季戊四醇酯的主要原料来自地沟油,制得的季戊四醇酯理化性质为:100℃运动粘度9.37mm2/s,20℃密度kg/m3,酸值0.11mgKOH/g,凝点-22℃,闪点216℃。
4.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物,其特征是清净剂由质量比40%~60%低碱值石油磺酸钠与60%~40%高碱值石油磺酸钠复合。
5.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物,其特征是分散剂是双烯基丁二酰亚胺。
6.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物,其特征是抗氧防腐剂是硫磷双辛基碱性锌盐。
7.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物,其特征是抗氧剂由质量比30%~70%2、6-二叔丁基对甲酚与70%~30%二烷基二苯胺复合。
8.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物,其特征是油性剂是磷酸酯。
9.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物,其特征是金属钝化剂是噻二唑衍生物。
10.如权利要求1所述的可生物降解柴油发动机油组合物,其特征是防锈剂由质量比50%有机磷型咪唑啉化合物和50%十二烯基丁二酸复合;抗泡剂是二甲基硅油。
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