CN106244261A - 降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂 - Google Patents
降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于燃料添加剂技术领域，特别涉及一种降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：助燃剂10～25份，2‑乙基己基膦酸单‑2‑乙基己酯5～15份，甲基硅油3～11份，三羟甲基丙烷二烯丙基醚2～9份，溴化1‑辛基‑3‑甲基咪唑2～8份，二甲基乙酰胺2～7份，聚氧乙基甘油醚1～8份，环己胺1～7份，甲基丙烯酸甲酯1～5份，磷酸甲酚二苯酯1～6份。本发明的降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂使燃料充分燃烧，提高燃烧效率，降低有害物质和颗粒物的排放，节能环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于燃料添加剂技术领域，特别涉及一种降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂。
背景技术
石油作为一种不可再生资源，过度的开发和使用，特别在车用燃料上的使用，已经造成环境的严重污染，如果以目前的消耗速度计算在不久的将来石油资源会消耗殆尽。在目前的严峻形势下，如何节省汽油，减少醇基燃料燃烧排放物对环境的污染，成为本领域的热点。
目前已研发醇基燃料作为车用燃料替代资源，但是，醇基与汽油混合燃料的相溶性问题、动力下降问题、遇水分层问题、腐蚀溶胀问题是一直制约醇基燃料发展的四大难题。而醇基燃料在高温下，会产生胶质，引起发动机积碳会不知不觉的在发动机内部缓慢沉积，积碳的存在会慢慢吞噬发动机动力，降低燃油经济性，恶化排放，以及导致一系列的发动机故障，醇基燃料也会排放大量污染物。因此，如何通过研究汽车燃料功能助剂来改善和解决醇基燃料积碳、污染物排放问题，以及醇基燃料互溶性问题，达到减少醇基燃料使用量目的，成为本领域急需解决的问题。
为了解决上述问题，市面上推出多种醇基燃料添加剂，醇基燃料添加剂可以保护发动机的燃油系统、进气系统、润滑系统等部位，让发动机发挥持续的、可信赖的性能，通过清除积碳、油泥，可以提升动力，节省燃油，降低噪音，减少环境污染、降低因燃油导致的发动机故障。但现有的醇基燃料添加剂有些虽能在一定程度上改善燃料在内燃机中的燃烧性能，但会造成内燃机生锈、积碳严重，大大降低内燃机的正常运行，且同样污染环境；有些虽能减少环境污染，但却并不能很好的提高燃料在内燃机中的燃烧效率，造成油耗增加；有些即便能提高燃料在内燃机中的燃烧效率并对环境污染有所改善，但效果也并不是很理想，且使用的原料成本较高、制作工艺较为复杂。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，其使燃料充分燃烧，提高燃烧效率，降低有害物质和颗粒物的排放，节能环保。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明提供降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：
本发明所述的助燃剂为5～15重量份甲基异丁基酮、5～15重量份呋喃甲醛和20～30重量份丙酮的混合物。助燃剂能促使醇基燃料迅速、完全地燃烧，从而降低油耗、减少燃烧室内的积炭和顶部活塞环的结焦，还能够提高热效率，降低烟度，减少颗粒物排放。
优选地，本发明所述的降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：
更优选地，本发明所述的降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：
优选地，本发明所述的助燃剂为8～12重量份甲基异丁基酮、7～13重量份呋喃甲醛和22～27重量份丙酮的混合物。
更优选地，本发明所述的助燃剂为10重量份甲基异丁基酮、10重量份呋喃甲醛和25重量份丙酮的混合物。
在实际应用中，本发明添加剂的添加量为醇基燃料质量的0.02％～0.07％。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明的2-乙基己基膦酸单-2-乙基己酯和聚氧乙基甘油醚作为分散剂，能使不溶性物质在醇基燃料中保持分散悬浮状态，以免在发动机的关键部位行成漆状沉积物，同时也能保证燃烧性能良好，降低排气量，减少污染，其中聚氧乙基甘油醚还具有乳化作用，可以提高燃烧性能、降低燃料消耗、减少尾气及改善烟气污染状况；甲基硅油和甲基丙烯酸甲酯避免发动机出现磨损和损坏，延长发动机的寿命，且能够较为有效的降低硫含量；三羟甲基丙烷二烯丙基醚与金属表面强烈作用，产生化学和物理吸附作用，形成良好的保护膜，从一定程度上隔离了腐蚀物质与金属件的接触，达到抑制腐蚀的目的，保护发动机燃料系统，延长使用期；溴化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑和二甲基乙酰胺可有效清除喷嘴积碳，确保良好的雾化性能，并保持发动机性能以及排放水平，有效避免发动机压力增长、延迟燃烧、发动机噪音增大、污染物排放恶化以及油耗增加；环己胺可以显著降低烟度，促进燃料完全燃烧，降低有害物质排放；甲基丙烯酸甲酯能够有效提高燃料的辛烷值，提高燃料的抗爆指数，防止汽缸中的爆震现象,减少能耗，还有利于减排，还起到了减少喷嘴积碳和助燃的作用，加强保洁，节省醇基燃料；磷酸甲酚二苯酯具有抗氧化作用，可防止醇基燃料在贮存过程中氧化生成的胶质沉渣，在使用过程中溶在燃料中的胶质因燃料汽化与雾化而沉积吸入系统，影响发动机的正常运转，显著改善醇基燃料的贮存稳定性，延长醇基燃料的保质期；本发明的原料协同作用，还起到助溶的作用，防止醇基燃料储存分层，还能提高醇基燃料的低温性能，改善燃料冷启动问题，还能够提高醇基燃料的抗水性，能够显著降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放。经试验，本发明的添加剂能够显著提高醇基燃料的贮存稳定性，使醇基燃料贮存至少20个月不出现分层和沉淀物,同时可节约成本20.2％～31.2％。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1
降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(常温混合均匀即可)：
上述的助燃剂为5重量份甲基异丁基酮、5重量份呋喃甲醛和30重量份丙酮的混合物。
在醇基燃料配制时，所述添加剂的添加量为醇基燃料质量的0.02％。
实施例2
降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(常温混合均匀即可)：
上述的助燃剂为8～12重量份甲基异丁基酮、7～13重量份呋喃甲醛和22～27重量份丙酮的混合物。
在醇基燃料配制时，所述添加剂的添加量为醇基燃料质量的0.03％。
实施例3
降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(常温混合均匀即可)：
上述的助燃剂为10重量份甲基异丁基酮、10重量份呋喃甲醛和25重量份丙酮的混合物。
在醇基燃料配制时，所述添加剂的添加量为醇基燃料质量的0.04％。
实施例4
降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(常温混合均匀即可)：
上述的助燃剂为8～12重量份甲基异丁基酮、7～13重量份呋喃甲醛和22～27重量份丙酮的混合物。
在醇基燃料配制时，所述添加剂的添加量为醇基燃料质量的0.05％。
实施例5
降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(常温混合均匀即可)：
上述的助燃剂为15重量份甲基异丁基酮、15重量份呋喃甲醛和20重量份丙酮的混合物。
在醇基燃料配制时，所述添加剂的添加量为醇基燃料质量的0.07％。
将实例1～5中所制备的添加剂按照实施例中的添加量添加到甲醇燃料(由45wt％甲醇和55wt％93#汽油组成)中，结果见表1：
表1本发明添加剂添加到甲醇燃料中的性能结果
将实例1～5中所制备的添加剂按照实施例中的添加量添加到甲醇燃料(由45wt％甲醇和55wt％93#汽油组成)中，使用本发明添加剂发动机排放与欧Ⅲ标准的比较结果，见表2：
表2使用本发明添加剂发动机排放与欧Ⅲ标准的比较结果g/(kW·h)
Claims (5)
1.降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：
所述的助燃剂为5～15重量份甲基异丁基酮、5～15重量份呋喃甲醛和20～30重量份丙酮的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：
3.根据权利要求2所述的降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：
4.根据权利要求1～3任意一项所述的降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，其特征在于：所述的助燃剂为8～12重量份甲基异丁基酮、7～13重量份呋喃甲醛和22～27重量份丙酮的混合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的降低醇基燃料颗粒物排放的添加剂，其特征在于：所述的助燃剂为10重量份甲基异丁基酮、10重量份呋喃甲醛和25重量份丙酮的混合物。
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