CN106244253A - 柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂 - Google Patents

柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂 Download PDF

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CN106244253A
CN106244253A CN201610709595.7A CN201610709595A CN106244253A CN 106244253 A CN106244253 A CN 106244253A CN 201610709595 A CN201610709595 A CN 201610709595A CN 106244253 A CN106244253 A CN 106244253A
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parts
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methanol fuel
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蒙呈星
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Guangxi tonki Energy Technology Co. Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于燃料添加剂技术领域，特别涉及一种柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：助溶剂10～25份，2‑羟基丁二酸5～15份，二甲基丙烯酸甘油酯3～11份，聚氧乙基甘油醚2～9份，邻苯二甲酸二辛酯2～8份，甲基环戊二烯2～7份，羧甲基纤维素1～8份，二乙二醇二硝酸酯1～7份，叔戊基甲基醚1～5份，抗氧化剂1～6份。本发明的柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂有效提高甲醇燃料的动力和十六烷值，有效解决溶涨腐蚀问题，提高甲醇与柴油相溶性和贮存稳定性。

Description

柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂
技术领域
本发明属于燃料添加剂技术领域，特别涉及一种柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂。
背景技术
随着石油资源的日益枯竭，人们在努力寻找它的代用品。甲醇因其具有洁净、高热值、高效率和容易取得等特点被世界各国作为替代汽、柴油的潜在首选液体燃料。更有些国家已将其作为一种现实的车用液体燃料来使用。国内将甲醇作为汽油代用品已有较多的实例。作为柴油代用品则正处于探索之中。甲醇用作车用发动机燃料存在的主要问题：
一是甲醇燃料的动力性能低于柴油；二是十六烷值低，只有2～3，而柴油机压缩起动时其十六烷值不能小于45；
第三是甲醇对发动机系统的非金属件有溶涨腐蚀作用，而对金属件则存在电位腐蚀问题；
第四是甲醇的粘度系数小，因而其对发动机系统有一定的冲刷作用；
第五是甲醇与柴油相溶性，遇水分层，贮存稳定性差。
此五个问题是目前影响甲醇用作柴油机燃料的主要障碍。目前，利用甲醇作车用发动机燃料，在现有燃料油中添加一定比例的甲醇和其它添加剂，但是甲醇代替量较低，替代效果不强。甲醇燃料添加剂可以保护发动机的燃油系统、进气系统、润滑系统等部位，让发动机发挥持续的、可信赖的性能，通过清除积碳、油泥，可以提升动力，节省燃油，降低噪音，减少环境污染、降低因燃油导致的发动机故障。但现有的甲醇燃料添加剂有些虽能在一定程度上改善燃料在内燃机中的燃烧性能，但会造成内燃机生锈、积碳严重，大大降低内燃机的正常运行，且同样污染环境；有些虽能减少环境污染，但却并不能很好的提高燃料在内燃机中的燃烧效率，造成油耗增加；有些即便能提高燃料在内燃机中的燃烧效率并对环境污染有所改善，但效果也并不是很理想，且使用的原料成本较高、制作工艺较为复杂。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，其有效提高甲醇燃料的动力和十六烷值，有效解决溶涨腐蚀问题，提高甲醇与柴油相溶性和贮存稳定性。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
本发明提供柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：
本发明所述的助溶剂为5～15重量份二甲苯、5～15重量份戊醇和20～30重量份正己烷唑的混合物。助溶剂解决了醇基原料与柴油混合燃料的相溶性问题，醇基燃料储存分层，还能提高醇基燃料的低温性能，改善燃料冷启动问题。
本发明所述的抗氧化剂为10～20重量份磷酸甲酚二苯酯、15～25重量份2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和5～15重量份4-甲氧基邻苯二胺的混合物。抗氧化剂可防止甲醇燃料在贮存过程中氧化生成的胶质沉渣，在使用过程中溶在燃料中的胶质因燃料汽化与雾化而沉积吸入系统，影响发动机的正常运转，显著改善甲醇燃料的贮存稳定性，延长甲醇燃料的保质期。
优选地，本发明所述的柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：
更优选地，本发明所述的柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成：
优选地，本发明所述的助溶剂为8～12重量份二甲苯、7～13重量份戊醇和22～27重量份正己烷唑的混合物。
更优选地，本发明所述的助溶剂为10重量份二甲苯、10重量份戊醇和25重量份正己烷唑的混合物。
优选地，本发明所述的抗氧化剂为15重量份磷酸甲酚二苯酯、20重量份2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和10重量份4-甲氧基邻苯二胺的混合物。
在实际应用中，本发明添加剂的添加量为甲醇燃料质量的0.2％～0.7％。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明的2-羟基丁二酸与金属表面强烈作用，产生化学和物理吸附作用，形成良好的保护膜，从一定程度上隔离了腐蚀物质与金属件的接触，达到抑制腐蚀的目的，保护发动机燃料系统，延长使用期。经试验，铜片腐蚀(50℃,3h)为1a级。
2、本发明的二甲基丙烯酸甘油酯避免发动机出现磨损和损坏，延长发动机的寿命，且能够较为有效的降低硫含量，同时使二氧化硫的排放量减少将近1/3。
3、本发明的聚氧乙基甘油醚和羧甲基纤维素作为分散剂，能使不溶性物质在甲醇燃料中保持分散悬浮状态，以免在发动机的关键部位行成漆状沉积物，同时也能保证燃烧性能良好，降低排气量，减少污染。
4、本发明的邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和甲基环戊二烯促使甲醇燃料迅速、完全地燃烧，从而降低油耗、减少燃烧室内的积炭和顶部活塞环的结焦，降低排烟和有害物的排放，提高动力，提高热效率。经测验，添加本发明的添加剂的甲醇燃料的燃烧值提高2500～3300千卡/kg。
5、本发明的二乙二醇二硝酸酯和叔戊基甲基醚作为十六烷值改进剂，提高了柴油的十六烷值，起到了减少喷嘴积碳和助燃的作用，加强保洁，节省柴油,经试验可提高甲醇燃料的十六烷值提高10～18个单位。
6、本发明原料的协同作用，防止甲醇燃料储存分层，还能提高甲醇燃料的低温性能，改善燃料冷启动问题，同时还有效解决橡胶溶胀问题。经试验，本发明的添加剂能够显著提高甲醇燃料的贮存稳定性，使甲醇燃料贮存至少20个月不出现分层和沉淀物。
7、掺有本发明的添加剂的甲醇燃料可以替代柴油用柴油机燃料，有利于节省石油资源和减少环境污染，经测试HC排放量降低20％～30％，CO降低25％～45％，NOx降低45％～55％，PM降低48％～54％。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1
柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(常温混合均匀即可)：
上述的助溶剂为5重量份二甲苯、5重量份戊醇和30重量份正己烷唑的混合物。
上述的抗氧化剂为10重量份磷酸甲酚二苯酯、25重量份2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和5重量份4-甲氧基邻苯二胺的混合物。
在甲醇燃料燃料配制时，所述添加剂的添加量为甲醇燃料质量的0.2％。
实施例2
柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(常温混合均匀即可)：
上述的助溶剂为8重量份二甲苯、7重量份戊醇和27重量份正己烷唑的混合物。
上述的抗氧化剂为12重量份磷酸甲酚二苯酯、23重量份2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和8重量份4-甲氧基邻苯二胺的混合物。
在甲醇燃料燃料配制时，所述添加剂的添加量为甲醇燃料质量的0.3％。
实施例3
柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(常温混合均匀即可)：
上述的助溶剂为10重量份二甲苯、10重量份戊醇和25重量份正己烷唑的混合物。
上述的抗氧化剂为15重量份磷酸甲酚二苯酯、20重量份2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和10重量份4-甲氧基邻苯二胺的混合物。
在甲醇燃料燃料配制时，所述添加剂的添加量为甲醇燃料质量的0.4％。
实施例4
柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(常温混合均匀即可)：
上述的助溶剂为12重量份二甲苯、13重量份戊醇和22重量份正己烷唑的混合物。
上述的抗氧化剂为18重量份磷酸甲酚二苯酯、17重量份2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和12重量份4-甲氧基邻苯二胺的混合物。
在甲醇燃料燃料配制时，所述添加剂的添加量为甲醇燃料质量的0.5％。
实施例5
柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，由以下重量份的原料制成(常温混合均匀即可)：
上述的助溶剂为15重量份二甲苯、15重量份戊醇和20重量份正己烷唑的混合物。
上述的抗氧化剂为20重量份磷酸甲酚二苯酯、15重量份2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和15重量份4-甲氧基邻苯二胺的混合物。
在甲醇燃料燃料配制时，所述添加剂的添加量为甲醇燃料质量的0.7％。

Claims (6)

1.柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：
所述的助溶剂为5～15重量份二甲苯、5～15重量份戊醇和20～30重量份正己烷唑的混合物；
所述的抗氧化剂为10～20重量份磷酸甲酚二苯酯、15～25重量份2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和5～15重量份4-甲氧基邻苯二胺的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：
3.根据权利要求2所述的柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，其特征在于，由以下重量份的原料制成：
4.根据权利要求1～3任意一项所述的柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，其特征在于：所述的助溶剂为8～12重量份二甲苯、7～13重量份戊醇和22～27重量份正己烷唑的混合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，其特征在于：所述的助溶剂为10重量份二甲苯、10重量份戊醇和25重量份正己烷唑的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1～3任意一项所述的柴油机用甲醇燃料添加剂，其特征在于：所述的抗氧化剂为15重量份磷酸甲酚二苯酯、20重量份2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚和10重量份4-甲氧基邻苯二胺的混合物。
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US5863303A (en) * 1997-02-26 1999-01-26 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Fuel oil composition for diesel engines
CN101200658A (zh) * 2007-11-27 2008-06-18 李文锋 柴油添加剂
CN101508920A (zh) * 2009-03-30 2009-08-19 荣刚 一种燃料添加剂及其制备方法
CN102399599A (zh) * 2010-09-16 2012-04-04 陈若歆 一种甲醇柴油制造模式
CN102559302A (zh) * 2011-12-28 2012-07-11 临沂实能德环保燃料化工有限责任公司 一种柴油降凝剂及制备方法
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5863303A (en) * 1997-02-26 1999-01-26 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Fuel oil composition for diesel engines
CN101200658A (zh) * 2007-11-27 2008-06-18 李文锋 柴油添加剂
CN101508920A (zh) * 2009-03-30 2009-08-19 荣刚 一种燃料添加剂及其制备方法
CN102399599A (zh) * 2010-09-16 2012-04-04 陈若歆 一种甲醇柴油制造模式
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