CN106232570A - 新的大麻二酚醌衍生物 - Google Patents
新的大麻二酚醌衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106232570A CN106232570A CN201480078012.4A CN201480078012A CN106232570A CN 106232570 A CN106232570 A CN 106232570A CN 201480078012 A CN201480078012 A CN 201480078012A CN 106232570 A CN106232570 A CN 106232570A
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- C07C225/00—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones
- C07C225/24—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones the carbon skeleton containing carbon atoms of quinone rings
- C07C225/26—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones the carbon skeleton containing carbon atoms of quinone rings having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of quinone rings or of condensed ring systems containing quinone rings
- C07C225/28—Compounds containing amino groups and doubly—bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton, at least one of the doubly—bound oxygen atoms not being part of a —CHO group, e.g. amino ketones the carbon skeleton containing carbon atoms of quinone rings having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of quinone rings or of condensed ring systems containing quinone rings of non-condensed quinone rings
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
本发明涉及新的式(I)的大麻二酚醌衍生物,(I)中R是由烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、酰基或烷氧羰基基团表示的直链或支链基团的碳原子;或其中R是由烷基胺、芳基胺、烯基胺或炔基胺基团表示的直链或支链基团的氮原子。本发明还涉及式(I)的化合物的任一种作为药物在治疗中的用途,特别是用于治疗响应于PPARg调节的疾病和病况,所述治疗是由于它们的缺少亲电(Nrf2活化)和细胞毒活性的高PPARg激动作用导致的。本发明还提供包含所述化合物的药物组合物,和用所述化合物治疗疾病的方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及新大麻二酚醌衍生物,和那些化合物的合成。此外,本发明涉及它们作为药物和在治疗中,特别是作为过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARg)调节剂,用于治疗响应于PPARg调节的疾病和病症的用途。本发明还提供包含所述化合物的药物组合物和利用所述化合物治疗疾病的方法。
发明背景
核受体(NR)是药物发现的主要靶标。NR是配体依赖性的转录因子,其具有直接与DNA相互作用的能力,调节它们的靶基因的转录活性。这些受体在发育、细胞稳态和代谢中发挥重要作用,并且它们牵涉到各种各样的疾病中,由此是制药产业的药物开发工作的焦点。
在对于核受体的最新命名中,亚族1C(NR1C)包含三个亚型的哺乳动物过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR):PPARα(也称为NR1C1),PPARβ/δ(也称为NR1C2)和PPARγ(也称为PPARg,格列酮(glitazone)受体或NR1C3)。PPAR控制参与脂肪形成、脂代谢、炎症和代谢稳态维持的基因网络的表达[Barish等人,2006]。PPAR通过结合DNA序列的元件(称为PPAR靶基因的调节区中的过氧化物酶体增殖物应答元件(PPRE))活化基因转录[Poulsen等人,2012]。此外,PPAR通过拮抗活化蛋白-1(AP-1)、核因子-κB(NF-kB)、信号转导及转录激活蛋白3(STAT3)和活化的T-细胞的核因子(NFAT)信号通路的活化剂,负调节炎性反应基因的转录[Vanden Berghe等人2003]。
PPAR中,PPARg得到特别关注,因为其参与脂肪细胞形成、胰岛素敏感性和炎症的调节[Fievet等人2006][Stienstra等人2007][Tontonoz和Spiegelman,2008]。PPARg在一些组织中表达,包括脂肪组织、骨骼肌细胞、破骨细胞、成骨细胞、免疫细胞,和在中枢和周围神经系统中。明确的是,PPARg是脂肪形成的占优势的或“主要的”调节剂,因为对于脂肪细胞分化是充分和必要的。大量在脂肪生成和胰岛素敏感性中发挥重要作用的基因如aP2、LPL、脂连蛋白和Glut4的调节区域含有对于PPARg的结合位点[Rosen和MacDougald,2006]。因此,脂肪细胞中PPARg的活化影响全身胰岛素敏感性。
除了其在代谢稳态调节中的作用以外,已经报道了PPARg的新的效应,特别是包括抗炎、抗肿瘤和抗纤维化潜能[Zhao等人,2006]。由PPARg活化阻断TGFb/Smad信号传导,导致肝、肺和肾纤维化中胶原蛋白沉积的减少[Ferguson等人,2009][Wang等人,2007][Zhang等人,2009]。另一方面,PPARg的活化通过抑制促炎性基因的表达,从而降低细胞因子、金属蛋白酶和急性期蛋白的产生,在多个细胞类型中发挥抗炎活性[Tontonoz和Spiegelman,2008]。其还作用以增加抗炎性细胞因子,并抑制诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达[Széles等人,2007]。有趣的是,PPARg激动剂在帕金森病(Parkinson’s diseases)、肌萎缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)、多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis)和卒中的几个实验模型中,以及在一些临床研究中显示抗炎性和神经保护作用[Bernardo和Minghetti,2008]。在该意义上,已经表明,PPARg在视黄酸处理的神经元前体(NP)中高表达,并且其在NP形成期间和之后参与小鼠胚胎干细胞的神经分化的两个阶段[Ghoochani等人,2012]。此外,PPARg在遗传的意义上必须正式地被认为是肿瘤抑制基因。其在多种肿瘤细胞中表达,并且配体导致的PPARg活化导致抑制细胞增殖或引起凋亡[Tachibana等人,2008][Tontonoz和Spiegelman,2008]。
由特异性配体激动剂导致的PPARg活化的有益效果可以用于治疗慢性疾病如糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化、类风湿性关节炎、肝纤维化、炎性肠病、肾病、银屑病、皮肤伤口愈合、硬皮病(SSc)神经变性和神经炎性疾病和癌症。
在PPARg配体的活化剂中,噻唑烷二酮(TZDs)是临床上最重要的[Lehmann等人,1995]。由于此原因,迄今在临床实践上主要使用罗格列酮(rosiglitazone)和吡格列酮(pioglitazone)。它们对血糖控制提供类似的作用,以及一些类似的副作用,如重量的增加、液体潴留和增加的心力衰竭的风险,这似乎是PPARg介导的。实际上,由于2型糖尿病患者中的增加的心血管事件的风险,罗格列酮近期在欧洲被召回并且其在美国的使用已经限制。
尽管TZD是潜在的PPARg完全激动剂(PPARg-fa),但是它们的基于机制的副作用限制了那些化合物的充分治疗潜力[Gelman等人,2007][Ciudin等人,2012]。但PPARg通路的生理和治疗相关性促进了新的研究以开发更新类型的减少或缓解副作用的分子[Ahmadian等人,2013]。因此,已经在作为PPARg-fa的更安全备选方案的选择性PPARg调节剂(PPARg-m)的发现和开发中获得很多进展。临床前和临床研究结果明确表明,选择性PPARg-m具有成为下一代PPARg激动剂的可能:与PPARg-fa相比具有优越安全特性的有效胰岛素敏化剂。[Doshi等人2010]。
在此意义上,天然和合成的大麻素被认为是通过活化PPARg缓解炎性过程的PPARg-m。基于大麻素的PPARg-m的一些实例是ajulemic酸[Liu等人,2003],[BursteinS.2005],WIN55212-2[Sun和Bennett,2007],9Δ-THC和CBD[O'Sullivan 2007],以及CBG[Granja等人,2012]。
已经描述了一些大麻素醌衍生物如CBD-Q(HU-311,在本发明中也称为VCE-004)和CBG-Q(VCE-003)[Kogan等人,2004][Granja等人,2012]。有趣的是,VCE-004(也称为HU-331)显示5μM的EC50,因此显示是其母体分子CBD(21μM的EC50)四倍高的结合亲和力,并且VCE-003显示与其母体分子CBG(EC50 12.7μM)相比显著增强的对于PPARg的结合亲和力(EC50 2.2μM)[Granja等人,2012]。还描述了其他CBD醌如CBD-1,4-二羟基醌,4甲基-CBD-醌和4-甲酰基-甲氧基-CBD-醌,并且它们显示比其母体分子CDB更高的对于PPARg的亲和力[WO2011117429A1]。然而,那些化合物的合成非常难以重现,并且那些化合物非常不稳定,使得它们不可能用于药物开发。
醌表示一类毒物学中间体,其可以在体内产生多种有害作用,包括急性细胞毒作用和免疫毒作用[Bolton等人,2000]。醌引起这些作用的机制可以很复杂。醌是Michael受体,并且细胞损伤可以通过烷基化关键细胞蛋白和/或DNA发生。备选地,醌是高度氧化还原活性的分子,其可以与其半醌自由基进行氧化还原循环,导致形成活性氧类别(ROS),其可以通过形成氧化的细胞大分子,包括脂、蛋白和DNA引起细胞内严重的氧化应急[Monks和Jones,2012]。尽管存在很多基于醌的化合物的治疗用途的实例,但是关于非特异毒性和选择性的缺失有顾虑,Michael受体基序很少通过在药物先导中设计而引入。
Keap1-Nrf2通路是对由活性氧类别(ROS)和亲电子试剂引起的内源性和外源性应激的细胞保护性响应的主要调节剂。该通路中的关键信号通路蛋白是转录核因子(红细胞源2)-样2(Nrf2),其与小Maf蛋白一起结合靶基因的调节区中的抗氧化剂应答元件(ARE)。在基础条件下,Nrf2被抑制剂Keap1(Kelch ECH相关蛋白1)保持在胞质中。当细胞暴露于氧化应激、亲电子试剂、或化学预防剂时,Nrf2逃脱Keap1-介导的抑制并且激活抗氧化剂应答元件(ARE)-依赖性的基因表达以维持细胞氧化还原稳态[Na和Surh,2013]。
Nrf2可以通过增加很多细胞保护性基因的表达,保护细胞和组织免受多种毒剂和致癌物影响。正如Nrf2保护正常细胞,研究表明,Nrf2还可以保护癌细胞免受化疗剂影响,并且促进癌症进展[Na和Surh 2013]。癌细胞存活于持久的内源性氧介导的应激,并且变得对某些通过ROS产生发挥细胞毒性的抗癌剂有抗性。在这样的情况下,活性Nrf2通路可能通过将ROS水平维持在促进它们的生长和存活的范围内来维持癌细胞中有利的氧化还原平衡。猜测Nrf2的持续积累或活化赋予一个亚类的恶化前的细胞或癌细胞有利的环境,以增殖、逃避凋亡、转移和耐受治疗干预。
已知抑制Nrf2过表达逆转癌细胞的表型特性,对该猜测予以支持[Sporn和Liby,2012]。已经在很多种类型的恶性肿瘤中观察到组成型过度活化Nrf2,所述恶性肿瘤如鳞状细胞癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、胆囊癌、前列腺癌、肾癌、室管膜瘤(ependymomas)、卵巢上皮癌、子宫内膜癌、和胰腺癌[Na和Surh,2013]。在其肿瘤中具有组成型升高水平的Nrf2表达的癌症患者,通常显示较低的存活率[Solis等人,2010]。因此,Nrf2活化被认为是用于确定癌症进展的状态的预后分子标志物,并且促进内在的和获得性的化学抗性。因此,该抗氧化剂转录因子也可以用作原癌基因并且增强的Nrf2活性促进实体癌症的形成和化学抗性[Sporn和Liby,2012]。
为了仅改善PPARg激动活性,而不诱导Nrf2的活化以避免可能的副作用,本发明从作为模板的VCE-004和大麻二酚酸(CBDA)开始,开发了新化合物的文库,并且出人意料地发现,在位置3具有特定修饰的CBD-醌衍生物(CBD-Q衍生物),导致具有高的PPARg激动效应但缺乏亲电(Nrf2活化)和细胞毒活性的新化合物。因此,该新化合物适于治疗响应PPARg调节的慢性疾病。
VCE-004(化合物I),本发明的CBD-Q衍生物II至X的前体,是激动性PPARg配体,其还活化转录因子Nrf2,一种反映VCE-004-处理的细胞中ROS的产生的氧化/亲电应激的细胞传感器。因此用该类型的活化Nrf2通路的CBD-Q衍生物长期治疗可能导致引发肿瘤,如上文所述的。此外,色原烯吡唑二酮(chromenopyrazolediones)(其是CBD-Q的结构类似物),通过诱导活性氧类别(ROS)和PPARg-依赖性机制,在前列腺癌细胞中诱导细胞毒性[Morales等人,2013]。因此,CBD分子的氧化产生一类CBD-Q化合物如VCE-004,其活化PPARg并且还诱导ROS-介导的Nrf2活化。
本发明的那些CBD-Q衍生物不同于Kogan等人[Kogan等人,2004]和Morales等人[Morales等人,2013]描述的化合物,因为位置3中的修饰赋予本发明的化合物在不活化Nrf2的情况下活化PPARg和保护免于谷氨酸诱导的细胞毒性的能力。此外,在位置3中具有修饰的CBD-Q衍生物还抑制TGFb-诱导的胶原蛋白基因转录和胶原蛋白表达。本发明中所述的化合物还不同于WO20011117429中所述的化合物(其不稳定,难以合成并且从未测试用于Nrf2活化)。与现有技术中包含的VCE-004(化合物I)相比,本发明中所述的CBD-Q衍生物还在神经元来源的细胞系中显示显著低的细胞毒性。
发明概述
背离现有技术,本发明的问题是提供新的大麻二酚-醌衍生物(CBD-Q衍生物),其在调节PPARg方面展现活性,但不诱导Nrf2活化和细胞毒性。
更具体地,在本发明中,化合物是式(I)的大麻二酚-醌衍生物(CBD-Q衍生物)的衍生物:
其中R是由烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、酰基或烷氧羰基基团表示的直链或支链基团的碳原子;或其中R是由烷基胺、芳基胺、烯基胺或炔基胺基团表示的直链或支链基团的氮原子。将醌环任意编号以显示在环哪个位置进行取代基替代,以得到本发明的CBD-Q衍生物。只要IUPAT命名法允许,维持醌环的编号(参见式II至X的衍生物,其中所述醌环的位置3是所有取代基替代发生的位置并且前述衍生物的命名匹配和反映该事实)。然而,当取代基基团结合醌环的位置3时,改变IUPAT命名法要求的上述醌环的位置的编号,尽管使用得到的命名法,醌环的位置3中的替代仅看上去明显丢失,但是实际上并非如此,如由式XI至XV表示的衍生物的图式所示。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明的化合物是式(II),(III),(IV),(V),(VI),(VII),(VIII),(X),(XI),(XII),(XIII),(XIV)和(XV)的那些。
(1'R,6'R)-3-(乙胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
(1'R,6'R)-3-(戊胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
(1'R,6'R)-3-(异丁胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
(1'R,6'R)-3-(丁胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
(1'R,6'R)-3-(甲胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
(1'R,6'R)-3-(异丙胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
(1'R,6'R)-3-(苄胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
(1'R,6'R)-3-(新戊胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-)-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
(1'R,6'R)3-(异戊胺)-6-羟基-胺-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
4-羟基-5-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-3,6-二氧代-2-戊基环己-1,4-二烯甲酸甲酯
4-羟基-5-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-3,6-二氧代-2-戊基环己-1,4-二烯甲酸苯乙酯
(E)-3,7-二甲基辛-2,6-二烯基-4-羟基-5-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-3,6-二氧代-2-戊基环己-1,4-二烯甲酸酯
(1R,4S)-1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]庚-2-基-4-羟基-5-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-3,6-二氧代-2-戊基环己-1,4-二烯甲酸酯
(1R,2R,4R)-4-羟基-5-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-3,6-二氧代-2-戊基环己-1,4-二烯甲酸1,5,5-三甲基双环[2.2.1]庚-2-酯
本发明的式I的CBD-Q衍生物II至X的VCE-004(化合物I)前体可以容易地从CBD(THC Pharma,德国;参考号:THC-1073G-10)合成。
本发明的化合物XI至XV可以通过取代一些具体基团从天然大麻素CBDA(大麻二酚酸)(THC Pharma,德国;参考号:THC-1232-100)起始来合成。
如将从实施例和附图推出的,通式I中包含的位置3’中的修饰赋予本发明的化合物活化PPARg、保护免于谷氨酸诱导的细胞毒性和抑制TGFb-诱导的胶原蛋白生产的能力。与现有技术中包含的VCE-004相比,这些化合物还在神经元来源的细胞系中显示显著低的细胞毒性。
本发明的化合物还包含其类似物、衍生物、互变异构形式、异构体、立体异构体、多晶型物、药用盐、药用溶剂化物和含有它们的组合物。
为了本发明的目的,术语“一种/多种类似物”是指与式(I)的化合物结构上衍生的或同源的任意实体。
在本发明的情况下,式(I)的化合物的“一种/多种类似物”应该解释为任何CBD-醌类似物,其总是在位置4’被取代并且显示与在位置4’中的该取代相关的药物性质,如本文所述,但还在CBD-Q分子的不同于所述式(I)中所示的基团的其他位置中具有结构部分替代(我不理解这句话)。
术语“互变异构体”是通过化学方法容易互变的有机化合物的结构异构体(互变异构)。
术语"异构体"或"立体异构体"是指这样的化合物,其具有相同的化学结构,但关于原子或基团的空间排列是不同的。
如本文使用的"多晶型物"是指具有相同化学组成,但形成晶体的分子、原子和/或离子的空间排列不同的晶体。
术语"药用盐"是指任意这样的药用盐,其在施用给患者后能够(直接或间接地)提供如本文中所述的化合物。这样的盐优选为与生理学可接受的有机或无机酸的酸加成盐。酸加成盐的实例包括无机酸加成盐如,例如,盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐,和有机酸加成盐如,例如,乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、柠檬酸盐、草酸盐、琥珀酸盐、酒石酸盐、苹果酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐和对甲苯磺酸盐。碱加成盐的实例包括无机盐如,例如,钠盐、钾盐、钙盐和铵盐,和有机碱盐如,例如,乙二胺盐、乙醇胺盐、N,N-二亚烷基乙醇胺盐、三乙醇胺盐和碱性氨基酸盐。然而,将理解,非药用盐也落在本发明的范围内,因为那些可以在药用盐的制备中有用。盐形成的步骤在本领域中是常规的。
根据本发明,术语"溶剂化物"应该理解为意为根据本发明的任何形式的活性化合物,其中所述化合物通过非共价键与另一分子(通常是极性溶剂)键合,特别包括水合物和醇合物。
本发明的进一步的实施方案涉及使用式(I)的化合物或其衍生物作为药物,特别是作为不诱导Nfr2活化的PPARg受体的PPARg激动剂,特别是在疾病如动脉粥样硬化、炎性肠病、类风湿性关节炎、肝纤维化、肾病、银屑病、皮肤伤口愈合、皮肤再生、胰腺炎、胃炎、神经变性疾病、神经炎性疾病、硬皮病、癌症、高血压、肥胖、II型糖尿病、和可以用PPARg激动剂治疗的其他疾病的治疗中。
本发明的其他实施方案是指式(I)的化合物用于制造用于治疗PPRAg相关疾病的、具有较低细胞毒性的组合物的用途,所述疾病如动脉粥样硬化、炎性肠病、类风湿性关节炎、肝纤维化、肾病、银屑病、皮肤伤口愈合、皮肤再生、胰腺炎、胃炎、神经变性疾病、神经炎性疾病、硬皮病、癌症、高血压、肥胖、II型糖尿病、和可以用PPARg激动剂治疗的其他疾病。
本发明的备选实施方案是指上述式(I)的化合物或衍生物,单独或配制在组合物中,特别是药物组合物中的用途,所述组合物包含与具有加和或协同的生物活性的至少另一种活性化合物组合的至少一种本发明的化合物。备选地,所述组合物可以与至少一种作为载体或赋形剂的惰性成分配制,所述惰性成分如:共溶剂、表面活性剂、油、湿润剂、润滑剂、防腐剂、稳定剂和抗氧化剂。可以使用任何药理学可接受的缓冲液,例如,TRIS或磷酸盐缓冲液。
为了本说明书的目的,术语“活性化合物或活性成分”应为被认为是同义的,并且意为当施用给人或动物时发挥疗效的化学实体。
典型的组合物包括本发明的化合物,或其衍生物,其与药用赋形剂相关联,作为实例,所述药物赋形剂可以是载体或稀释剂。这样的组合物可以是胶囊、小袋、纸张或其他容器的形式。在制备组合物的过程中,可以使用制备药物组合物的常规技术。例如,目的化合物通常与载体混合,或用载体稀释,或装入载体内,所述载体是安瓿、胶囊、小袋、纸张或其他容器。当载体用作稀释剂时,其可以是用作媒介物、赋形剂或用于活性化合物的介质的固体、半固体或液体。目标化合物可以吸附在颗粒固体容器例如小袋中。合适的载体的一些实例是水、盐溶液、醇、聚乙二醇、多羟基乙氧基化的蓖麻油、花生油、橄榄油、乳糖、白土、蔗糖、环糊精、直链淀粉、硬脂酸镁、滑石、明胶、琼脂、果胶、阿拉伯胶、硬脂酸或纤维素的低级烷基醚、硅酸、脂肪酸、脂肪酸胺、脂肪酸单甘油脂和二甘油酯、戊赤藓醇脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯、羟基甲基纤维素和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。类似地,载体或稀释剂可以包括任何本领域已知的任何持续释放材料,如甘油单硬脂酸酯或甘油二硬脂酸酯,其单独或与蜡混合。制剂还可以包括湿润剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、防腐剂、甜味剂或调味剂。可以配制本发明的制剂,从而在通过使用本领域中公知的步骤施用给患者后提供快速、持续或延迟的活性成分释放。
可以将药物组合物灭菌,并且如果需要,与辅助剂、乳化剂、影响渗透压的盐、缓冲剂和/或着色物质等混合,其不与活性化合物有害反应。
组合物可以用于治疗疾病如动脉粥样硬化、炎性肠病、类风湿性关节炎、肝纤维化、肾病、银屑病、皮肤伤口愈合、皮肤再生、胰腺炎、胃炎、神经变性疾病、神经炎性疾病、硬皮病、癌症、高血压、肥胖、II型糖尿病、和可以用PPARg激动剂治疗的其他疾病。
本发明的一个优选的实施方案涉及施用途径,其可以是有效转运目的化合物至适当的或所需的作用位点的任何途径,如口服、经鼻、局部、肺的、经皮或肠胃外,例如直肠、皮下、静脉内、鞘内、肌肉内、鼻内、眼用溶液或软膏。
为了鼻施用,所述制剂可以含有溶解或悬浮在液体载体,特别是水性载体中的化合物,用于气溶胶应用。载体可以含有添加剂如增溶剂,例如丙二醇、表面活性剂、吸收促进剂如卵磷脂(磷脂酰胆碱),或环糊精,或防腐剂如尼泊金酯。
为了制备局部制剂,将目的化合物置于本领域中已知的皮肤媒介物中。要施用的目的化合物的量和局部制剂中化合物的浓度取决于媒介物、选择的递送系统或装置、患者的临床状况、制剂中化合物的副作用和稳定性。因此,医生使用含有适当浓度的目的化合物的适当的制剂,并且选择要施用的制剂的量,这取决于讨论的患者或类似的患者的经验。
为了眼用,将目的化合物配制为适于在眼中使用的溶液、悬浮液和软膏。浓度通常如上文对于局部制剂讨论的。
为了口服施用,可以制备固体或液体单位剂型。为了制备固体组合物如片剂,将目的化合物与作为药物稀释剂或载体的常规成分如滑石、硬脂酸镁、磷酸二钙、硅酸镁铝、硫酸钙、淀粉、乳糖、阿拉伯胶、甲基纤维素,和功能类似的材料混合入制剂。
胶囊通过将目的化合物与惰性药物稀释剂混合并且将混合物装入适当尺寸的硬明胶胶囊中来制备。软明胶胶囊通过将目的化合物与可接受的植物油、轻液体矿脂或其他惰性油的浆液机械封装入胶囊制备。可以制备用于口服施用的液体单位剂型如糖浆、酏剂和悬浮液。水溶形式可以与糖、芳香调味剂和防腐剂一起溶解在水性媒介物中以形成糖浆。酏剂通过使用水醇的(例如,乙醇)媒介物与合适的甜味剂如糖和糊精,连同芳香调味剂制备。悬浮液可以利用水性媒介物,在悬浮剂如阿拉伯胶、黄芪胶、甲基纤维素等的帮助下制备。
用于肠胃外使用的适当的制剂对于普通技术人员来说是明显的,如合适的可注射溶液或悬浮液的使用。无菌制剂适于各种局部或肠胃外途径,包括皮内、肌肉内、血管内和皮下。
除了目的化合物,组合物可以包括(取决于所需递送的制剂和模式)药用、无毒载体或稀释剂,其包括通常用于形成用于动物或人施用的药物组合物的媒介物。选择稀释剂从而不会不适当地影响组合的生物活性。
特别用于可注射制剂的这样的稀释剂的实例是水、各种盐水、有机或无机盐溶液、Ringer's溶液、葡萄糖溶液、和Hank's溶液。此外,药物组合物或制剂可以包括添加剂如其他载体;佐剂;或无毒、非治疗、非免疫原稳定剂等。
此外,赋形剂可以包括在制剂中。实例包括共溶剂、表面活性剂、油、湿润剂、润滑剂、防腐剂、稳定剂和抗氧化剂。可以使用任何药理学可接受的缓冲液,例如tris或磷酸盐缓冲液。稀释剂、添加剂和赋形剂的有效量是有效获得关于溶解度、生物活性等的药用制剂的那些量。
目的化合物可以并入微球中。目的化合物可以加载入白蛋白微球中,由此可能将该微球恢复在干粉中用于鼻内施用。其他适于制备微球的材料包括琼脂、藻酸盐、几丁质、淀粉、羟基乙基淀粉、白蛋白、琼脂糖、葡聚糖、透明质酸、明胶、胶原蛋白和酪蛋白。微球可以通过本领域技术人员已知的各种方法制造,如喷雾干燥方法或乳化方法。
例如,白蛋白微球可以通过将磷酸缓冲液中的兔血清白蛋白加入橄榄油中并搅拌以产生油包水乳状液来制备。然后将戊二醛溶液加入至乳状液中,并将乳状液搅拌以交联白蛋白。然后可以通过离心将微球分离,去除油并且例如用石油洗涤球,接着用乙醇洗涤。最后,可以将微球过筛并收集并通过过滤干燥。
淀粉微球可以通过将温的淀粉水溶液,例如马铃薯淀粉的水溶液加入至热的聚乙二醇的水溶液,并搅拌以形成乳状液来制备。当形成两相(淀粉溶液作为内部相)体系时,然后在连续搅拌下将混合物冷却至室温,此时内部相转变为凝胶颗粒。然后在室温将这些颗粒过滤去,并在溶剂如乙醇中成浆,这之后再次将颗粒滤去并在空气中放置至干燥。微球可以通过公知的交联步骤如热处理或通过使用化学交联剂硬化。合适的试剂包括二醛,包括乙二醛、丙二醛、丁二醛、己二醛、戊二醛和苯二醛,二酮如丁二酮,表氯醇,多磷酸盐和硼酸盐。二醛用于通过与氨基相互作用交联蛋白如白蛋白,并且二酮与氨基形成希夫碱。表氯醇利用亲核试剂如氨基或羟基活化化合物得到环氧化物衍生物。
本发明的另一优选的实施方案是剂量方案。术语"单位剂型"是指适合作为用于受试者,例如,哺乳动物受试者,例如人、狗、猫和啮齿类的单一剂量的物理上分离的单位,各个单位含有预定量的活性材料,所述活性材料计算为产生与所需药物稀释剂、载体或媒介物相关的药效。用于本发明的单位剂型的详述受控于并且依赖于(a)活性材料的特性和要获得的特别效果和(b)化合在人和动物中使用的该活性的技术中固有的限制。单位剂型的实例是片剂、胶囊、丸剂、粉末包、薄饼(wafer)、栓剂、颗粒、扁形胶囊、一茶匙的量、一大汤匙的量、一滴的量(dropperfuls)、安瓿、小瓶、计量放出的气溶胶、前述任一项的隔离的多次量、和本文中所述的其他形式。组合物可以包括在试剂盒中,所述试剂盒可以含有一种以上单位剂型的组合物和使用以治疗本文所述的一种以上病症的说明。
缓慢或延长释放递送系统,包括很多生物聚合物(基于生物的系统)、使用脂质体的系统、胶体、树脂和其他多聚递送系统或隔室化的储库中的任一种,可以与本文中所述的组合物一起使用以提供治疗性化合物的连续或长期来源。这样的缓慢释放系统可用于经局部、眼内、口服和肠胃外途径递送的制剂。
有效量的目的化合物用于治疗。根据本发明使用的化合物的剂量根据化合物和治疗的状况例如接受者患者的年龄、体重和临床状况而改变。其他因素包括:施用途径、患者、患者的医疗史、疾病过程的严重度和具体的化合物的效力。剂量应该足以缓解治疗的疾病的症状或征兆,而不对患者产生不可接受的毒性。通常,有效量的化合物是提供由医师或其他有资质的观察者注意的主观的症状减轻或客观的可鉴定的改善的量。
本发明的最后一个实施方案是指治疗疾病的方法,所述疾病如动脉粥样硬化、炎性肠病、类风湿性关节炎、肝纤维化、肾病、银屑病、皮肤伤口愈合、皮肤再生、胰腺炎、胃炎、神经变性疾病、神经炎性疾病、硬皮病、癌症、高血压、肥胖和II型糖尿病,其可以用PPARg激动剂治疗;其包括向患者施用有效量的上述组合物。
缩写:
AP-1:激活蛋白-1
ARE:抗氧化剂应答元件
CBD:大麻二酚。
CBDA:大麻二酚酸。
CBD-Q:大麻二酚醌。
CBG-Q:大麻萜酚醌(也称为VCE-003)。
DCC:二环己基碳二亚胺。
Keap1:Kelch ECH相关蛋白1。
NFAT:活化的T-细胞的核因子
NFE2L2或(Nrf2):核因子(红细胞来源的2)-样2。
NF-kB:核因子-κB
NP:神经元前体
NR1C:核亚类1C。
NRs:核受体。
PPARs:过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体。
PPARg:过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ,也称为PPARγ,格列酮受体或NR1C3。
PPARg-m:PPARg调节剂
PPARg-fa:PPARg完全激动剂.
PPARα:过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α,也称为NR1C1。
PPARβ/δ:过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体β/δ,也称为NR1C2。
PPRE:过氧化物酶体增殖物应答元件。
ROS:活性氧类别
STAT3:信号转导及转录激活蛋白3
TGFb:转化生长因子β
VCE-004:大麻二酚醌化合物;也称为HU-331和化合物I:
HU-331:大麻二酚醌化合物;也称为VCE-004和化合物I:
附图描述
以下简述本发明的附图。各图的深入解释包括在每个相关实施例中。
附图缩写:
I:是指VCE-004(CBD-Q)。
II:是指式(II)的化合物。
III:是指式(III)的化合物。
IV:是指式(IV)的化合物。
V:是指式(V)的化合物。
VI:是指式(VI)的化合物。
VII:是指式(VII)的化合物。
VIII:是指式(VIII)的化合物。
IX:是指式(IX)的化合物。
X:是指式(X)的化合物。
XI:是指式(XI)的化合物。
XII:是指式(XII)的化合物。
XIII:是指式(XIII)的化合物。
XIV:是指式(XIV)的化合物。
XV:是指式(XV)的化合物。
图1.HEK-293细胞中的PPARg反式激活测定
测试的化合物的浓度(μM)显示在x-轴并且PPARg活化倍数显示在y-轴。该图表明以下各项对PPARg活性的影响:VCE-004(化合物I)相对于化合物XI和II至V(图1A)和相对于化合物VI-X(图1B),以及相对于化合物XII-XV(图1C)。使用PPARg完全激动剂罗格列酮(RZG)1μM作为比较对照。计算倍数活化水平,用对照样品(-)(不存在任何PPARg激动剂或激活剂)作为参照。数据表达为至少三次独立实验的平均值±S.D.。
图2.NIH-3T3成纤维细胞中的PPARg反式激活测定。
测试的化合物的浓度(μM)显示在x-轴并且PPARg活化倍数显示在y-轴。该图显示以下各项对PPARg活性的影响:VCE-004(化合物I)相对于化合物III、V、VIII、X和XIII。使用PPARg完全激动剂罗格列酮(RZG)1μM作为比较对照。计算倍数活化水平,用对照样品(-)(不存在任何PPARg激动剂或激活剂)作为参照。数据表达为至少三次独立实验的平均值±S.D.。
图3.CBD-醌衍生物抑制罗格列酮-诱导的PPARg活化。
(A)将HEK-293细胞用GAL4-PPARg和GAL4-luc共转染。将细胞与指定剂量的化合物III、V、VIII、X和XIII预孵育30min,并且然后与1μM罗格列酮(RSZ)孵育6小时。制备蛋白裂解物并分析荧光素酶活性。测试的化合物的浓度(μM)显示在x-轴并且PPARg活化倍数显示在y-轴。该图显示化合物III、V、VIII、X和XIII对RSZ-诱导的PPARg活性的影响。数据表达为少三次独立实验的平均值±S.D.。
(B)化合物VIII结合PPARg上的RSZ结合位点。通过虚拟对接(virtual docking),使用AutoDock软件并且设置Vina算法为计算系统,计算化合物VIII(作为实例)对PPARg的结合特征。设置查找空间以找到分子表面周围的结合点。化合物VIII在RSZ的密切相关的结合位点中结合PPARg,但具有不同的配体-受体相互作用模式,导致对受体的不同构象作用。
图4.细胞毒性活性。
相对于化合物II至XV,将细胞系N2a(4A),HT22(4B)和MO3.13(4C)细胞与指定剂量的VCE-004(化合物I)孵育24h,并且通过MTT测定定量细胞生存力。结果显示为至少三次独立实验的平均值±S.D.,并且表达为相对于不存在任何PPARg激动剂或激活剂的对照样品(-)的细胞存活力的百分数。对照设置为100%并且数据参考该值。
图5.Nrf2转录测定
将HaCaT-ARE-Luc细胞于指定浓度与VCE-004(化合物I)和与化合物II至VIII(A)或与化合物IX至XV(B)孵育6h,并且制备蛋白裂解物并分析荧光素酶活性。20μM的促氧化剂叔丁基氢醌(tBHQ)用作阳性对照。用不存在任何PPARg激动剂或激活剂的对照样品(-)作为参考,计算倍数活化水平。数据表达为至少三次独立实验的平均值±S.D.。
图6.神经保护活性。
将N2a细胞于指定浓度与化合物I至VIII(5A)和IX至XV(5B)预孵育1h,然后,将细胞用5mM谷氨酸处理24h以诱导兴奋性中毒。细胞存活力通过MTT测定定量。结果显示为来自至少三次独立实验的平均值±S.D.,并表达为相对于不存在任何PPARg激动剂或活化剂并且具有(+)或没有(-)谷氨酸的对照样品(-)的细胞存活力的百分数。对照设置为100%并且数据参考该值。
图7.TGFb-诱导的I型胶原蛋白基因转录的抑制
为了研究CBD-衍生物的可能的抗-纤维化活性,将NIH-3T3成纤维细胞通过使用-Fect根据制造商的使用说明用质粒COL1A2-Luc质粒瞬时转染。COL1A2-荧光素酶构建体含有人COL1A2启动子的从-353至+58bp的序列,其融合于荧光素酶报告基因(pGL2基本(basic),Promega,Madison,WI)。二十四小时后,将细胞与化合物III、V、VIII和X(用作由式II至XV表示的全部家族con CBD-Q衍生物中的证明性实例)孵育30min并用TGFb(50ng/ml)测试6h。制备蛋白裂解物并分析荧光素酶活性。测试的化合物的浓度(μM)显示在x-轴并且COL1A2活化的百分数显示在y-轴(在没有化合物的情况下TGFb的效应被认为100%活化)。数据表达为至少三次独立实验的平均值±SD。
图8.TGFb-诱导的II型胶原蛋白的抑制
胶原蛋白的生产使用Sirius Red-Fast Green方法进行,其设计用于定量细胞沉淀中胶原蛋白和非-胶原蛋白的量。胶原蛋白生产在540nm和605nm在Genesis 10UV扫描荧光分光光度计(Thermo Fisher Scientific)中确定。为了计算胶原蛋白的量,首先,我们通过减去干扰540nm处吸光度的FastGreen的贡献矫正OD 540值。Fast Green增加29.1%的OD540值。在OD540和640,分别地,对于胶原蛋白颜色等值是37.8,并且对于非胶原蛋白是2.04。
胶原蛋白(pg/100μl细胞沉淀)={[OD 540-(OD 605x 0.291)]/37.8x1000}x106。
重复实验三次,并且结果表达为超过未处理细胞的倍数诱导。
图9.CBD-Q衍生物对ROS产生和线粒体跨膜电位的影响
将Jurkat细胞用增加浓度的VCE-004(HU-311或化合物I)或化合物III、V、VII和X(作为化合物I衍生物的实例)处理2小时,用于检测线粒体膜电位或经6小时用于检测活性氧类别(ROS)。
分别使用荧光探针H2DCF-DA(20nM,绿色荧光)和MitoTracker RedCMXR(MTR-CMXR)(50nM)检测ROS和线粒体膜电位(Molecular Probes,Eugene,OR,USA)。处理后,将细胞用冷的磷酸缓冲盐水(PBS)洗涤并在37℃在PBS中孵育20min,然后在FACSCantoII流式细胞仪上进行分析。
实施例
下文描述的本发明实施例旨在说明其优选的实施方案,不限制其保护范围。
实施例1.化学合成和NMR分析
A)从CBD开始合成CBD醌衍生物。化合物II至X的合成。
从CBD合成VCE-004(也称为HU-331或化合物I)在空气的存在下,在室温在甲苯中使用tBuOK进行(方案1)。在3-位置用烷基胺取代的衍生物的合成容易通过使VCE-004与大量过量的胺,在空气开放的反应系统中在室温反应来完成。
方案1
急骤色谱纯化提供90-95%纯度产物,其能够进一步通过HPLC纯化的方式增加直至98%。在数小时内实现高转化,以给予点对点反应。蒸发溶剂,并且通过反相色谱纯化粗制残留物,得到纯度约95%的产物。
制备化合物I。
将tBuOK(298mg,2.656mmol)加入至CBD(302mg,0.960mmol)在甲苯(60mL)中的溶液中,得到紫色溶液。在开放于空气的圆底烧瓶中,将反应混合物在室温搅拌,并且通过TLC分析(洗脱剂:10%EtOAc/己烷)监测转变。4h后,将反应混合物用HCl(5%水溶液,100mL)洗涤并且将水层用EtOAc(30mL)萃取(方案2)。将合并的有机层经Na2SO4(无水)干燥,过滤并浓缩。粗制残留物在SiO2(20%EtOAc/己烷)上急骤色谱,得到234mg的VCE-004(化合物I)[棕色固体,产率:74%]。
方案2
制备化合物II。
(1'R,6'R)-3-(乙胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
将乙胺(1.0mL,H2O中70%溶液,12.58mmol)加入至VCE-004(100mg,0.30mmol)在EtOH(10mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物在室温搅拌2h,并且随后通过倒入水(50mL)中,用HCl(10%水溶液)酸化至pH=2,并用CH2Cl2(30mL)萃取来处理(方案3)。将有机层经Na2SO4(无水)干燥,过滤并浓缩。将粗制残留物通过反相色谱(30@100%CH3CN/H2O)纯化,得到33mg的(1'R,6'R)-3-(乙胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮[紫色油状物,产率:29%]。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm:6.35(bs,1H),5.13(s,1H),4.57(s,2H),3.61(m,1H),3.52(quin,J=13.2,7.1Hz,2H),2.73(m,1H),2.48(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.26-1.80(m,2H),1.68(s,3H),1.63(s,3H),1.46-1.24(m,9H),0.89(t,J=6.6Hz,3H)。
方案3
制备化合物III。
(1'R,6'R)-3-(戊胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基--6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
将戊胺(0.75mL,6.472mmol)加入至VCE-004(60mg,0.155mmol)在EtOH(10mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物在室温搅拌18h。将其倒入H2O(50mL)中,用HCl(10%水溶液)调至pH=2并用CH2Cl2(30mL)萃取(方案4)。将有机层经Na2SO4(无水)干燥,过滤并浓缩。将粗制残留物通过反相色谱(100%CH3CN/H2O)纯化,得到47mg的(1'R,6'R)-3-(戊胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基--6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮[紫色固体,产率:73%]。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm:6.43(bs,1H),5.14(s,1H),4.55(s,2H),3.62(m,1H),3.46(c,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.72(m,1H),2.48(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),2.31-1.72(m,4H),1.68(s,3H),1.64(s,3H),1.48-1.24(m,12H),0.90(m,6H)。
方案4
制备化合物IV。
(1'R,6'R)-3-(异丁胺)-6-羟基---3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
将异丁胺(1.2mL,12.075mmol)加入至VCE-004(100mg,0.304mmol)在EtOH(12mL)中的溶液。将反应混合物在室温搅拌22h。将其倒入H2O(50mL)中,用HCl(10%水溶液)调至pH=2并用CH2Cl2(30mL)萃取(方案5)。将有机层经Na2SO4(无水)干燥,过滤并浓缩。将粗制残留物通过反相色谱(100%CH3CN/H2O)纯化,得到119mg的(1'R,6'R)-3-(异丁胺)-6-羟基--3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮[紫色固体,产率:97%]。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm:6.53(bs,1H),5.15(s,1H),4.56(s,2H),3.62(m,1H),3.27(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.73(dt,J=12.0Hz,2.8Hz,1H),2.47(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.27-1.72(m,4H),1.68(s,3H),1.64(s,3H),1.47-1.29(m,7H),1.00(s,3H),0.97(s,3H),0.89(t,J=6.6Hz,3H)。
方案5
制备化合物V。
(1'R,6'R)-3-(丁胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
将正丁胺(1.2mL,12.143mmol)加入至VCE-004(109mg,0.332mmol)在EtOH(12mL)中的溶液。将反应混合物在室温搅拌18h。将其倒入H2O(50mL)中,用HCl(10%水溶液)调至pH=2并用CH2Cl2(30mL)萃取(方案6)。将有机层经Na2SO4(无水)干燥,过滤并浓缩。将粗制残留物通过反相色谱(100%CH3CN/H2O)纯化,得到115mg的(1'R,6'R)-3-(丁胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮[紫色固体,产率:93%]。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm:6.44(bs,1H),5.14(s,1H),4.56(s,2H),3.61(m,1H),3.46(q,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.73(m,1H),2.48(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.19(m,1H),1.98(m,1H),1.78-1.57(m,8H),1.49-1.25(m,10H),0.96(t,J=7.1Hz,3H),0.89(m,3H)。
方案6
制备化合物VI。
(1'R,6'R)-3-(甲胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基--4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
将甲胺(4.0mL,EtOH中8M溶液,32.0mmol)加入至VCE-004(266mg,0.810mmol)在EtOH(20mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物在室温搅拌7h。将其倒入H2O(100mL)中,用HCl(10%水溶液)调至pH=2并用CH2Cl2(70mL)萃取(方案7)。将有机层经Na2SO4(无水)干燥,过滤并浓缩。将粗制残留物通过反相色谱(100%CH3CN/H2O)纯化,得到114mg的(1'R,6'R)-3-(甲胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基--4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮[紫色固体,产率:39%]。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm:8.38(bs,1H),6.54(m,1H),5.12(s,1H),4.56(s,2H),3.63(m,1H),3.19(d,J=6.0Hz,3H),2.71(dt,J=11.5Hz,2.7Hz,1H),2.54(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.28-1.71(m,3H),1.67(s,3H),1.63(s,3H),1.51-1.25(m,6H),0.89(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
方案7
制备化合物VII。
(1'R,6'R)-3-(异丙胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
将异丙胺(1.0mL,11.639mmol)加入至VCE-004(104mg,0.317mmol)在EtOH(10mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物在室温搅拌22h。将其倒入H2O(50mL)中,用HCl(10%水溶液)调至pH=2并且用CH2Cl2(30mL)萃取(方案8)。将有机层经Na2SO4(无水)干燥,过滤并浓缩。将粗制残留物通过反相色谱(30@100%CH3CN/H2O)纯化,得到92mg的(1'R,6'R)-3-(异丙基氨基)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮[紫色油状物,产率:75%]。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm:6.40(m,1H),5.14(s,1H),4.56(s,2H),3.95(m,1H),3.61(m,1H),2.73(m,1H),2.45(t,J=6.6Hz,2H),2.21(m,1H),1.92(m,1H),1.77(m,2H),1.67(s,3H),1.63(s,3H),1.45-1.28(m,6H),1.26(s,3H),1.24(s,3H),0.89(t,J=7.1Hz,3H)。
方案8
制备化合物VIII。
(1'R,6'R)-3-(苄胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
将苄胺(1.3mL,11.913mmol)加入至VCE-004(117mg,0.303mmol)在EtOH(13mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物在室温搅拌18h。将其倒入H2O(50mL)中,用HCl(10%水溶液)调至pH=2并且用CH2Cl2(30mL)萃取(方案9)。将有机层经Na2SO4(无水)干燥,过滤并浓缩。将粗制残留物通过反相色谱(30@100%CH3CN/H2O)纯化,得到87mg的(1'R,6'R)-3-(苄胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮[紫色固体,产率:66%]。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm:8.30(bs,1H),7.44-7.26(m,5H),6.64(m,1H),5.15(s,1H),4.65(d,J=6.0Hz,2H),4.59(m,2H),3.64(m,1H),2.73(m,1H),2.47(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),2.30-1.76(m,4H),1.68(s,3H),1.64(s,3H),1.54-1.23(m,6H),0.88(m,3H)
方案9
制备化合物IX。
(1'R,6'R)-3-(新戊胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基--4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
将新戊胺(0.7mL,6.031mmol)加入至VCE-004(47mg,0.143mmol)在EtOH(7mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物在室温搅拌20h。将其倒入H2O(50mL)中,用HCl(10%水溶液)调至pH=2并且用CH2Cl2(30mL)萃取(方案10)。将有机层经Na2SO4(无水)干燥,过滤并浓缩。将粗制残留物通过反相色谱(100%CH3CN/H2O)纯化,得到57mg的(1'R,6'R)-3-(新戊胺)-6-羟基-3'-甲基--4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮[紫色油状物,产率:97%]。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm:6.59(m,1H),5.15(s,1H),4.56(s,2H),3.63(m,1H),3.26(d,J=5.5Hz,2H),2.74(dt,J=12.0Hz,3.3Hz,1H),2.49(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.26-1.83(m,3H),1.68(s,3H),1.63(s,3H),1.50-1.23(m,7H),1.00(s,9H),0.90(t,J=6.6Hz,3H
方案10
制备化合物X。
(1'R,6'R)-3-(异戊胺-6-羟基)-3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮
将异戊胺(1.5mL,12.735mmol)加入至VCE-004(101mg,0.307mmol)在EtOH(15mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物在室温搅拌22h。将其倒入H2O(50mL)中,用HCl(10%水溶液)调至pH=2并且用CH2Cl2(30mL)萃取(方案11)。将有机层经Na2SO4(无水)干燥,过滤并浓缩。将粗制残留物通过反相色谱(100%CH3CN/H2O)纯化,得到125mg的(1'R,6'R)-3-(异戊胺)-6-羟基--3'-甲基-4-戊基-6'-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-[1,1'-二(环己烷)]-2',3,6-三烯-2,5-二酮[紫色油状物,产率:98%]。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm:6.38(bs,1H),5.13(s,1H),4.55(s,2H),3.61(m,1H),3.48(q,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.72(m,1H),2.48(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.21(m,1H),2.00-1.60(m,8H),1.54(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.46-1.23(m,8H),0.95(s,3H),0.93(s,3H),0.88(t,J=6.6Hz,3H)。
方案11
B)从大麻二酚酸CBDA合成CBD醌衍生物。化合物XI至XV的合成。
化合物XI的前体的合成
4-羟基-5-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-3,6-二氧代-2-戊基环己-1,4-二烯甲酸甲酯(CBDA-甲酯)
方案12
a)向大麻二酚酸(CBDA)(180mg,0.40mmol)在甲醇(5mL)中的溶液中加入二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)(163mg,1.6mmol)和催化的对甲苯磺酸(约5mg)(方案12)。搅拌40min后,通过蒸发处理反应。将残留物溶解在甲苯(约10mL)中,并冷却(-18℃)以沉淀脲。1h后,将溶液在烧结玻璃滤器上过滤,并将残留物通过RP C-18硅胶的急骤色谱纯化,得到140mg的4-羟基-5-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-3,6-二氧代-2-戊基环己-1,4-二烯甲酸甲酯[无色泡沫,产率:75%]。
b)向大麻二酚酸(CBDA)(200mg,0.54mmol)在甲醇(8mL)中的溶液中加入三甲基硅烷基重氮甲烷(3.0mL,2M于己烷中)(方案12)。在室温搅拌5min后,通过蒸发处理反应。产物足够纯以直接用于氧化步骤。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm 11.97(s,1H),6.40(bs,1H),6.21(s,1H),5.54(bs,1H),4.51(bs,1H),4.38(bs,1H),3.90(s,3H),2.77(m,2H),1.81(bs,3H),1.70(bs,3H),0.89(t,J=6.6Hz,3H)。
化合物XI的制备
4-羟基-5-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-3,6-二氧代-2-戊基环己-1,4-二烯甲酸甲酯
方案13
向100mg(0.27mmol)的4-羟基-5-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-3,6-二氧代-2-戊基环己-1,4-二烯甲酸甲酯(CBDA-甲酯)在4mL EtOAc中的溶液中加入SIBX(460mg,0.77mmol,3mol当量),并且将反应回流1h(方案13)。冷却并经C盐过滤后,将滤液顺序用5%NaHCO3和盐水洗涤。干燥(Na2SO4)和蒸发后,通过在硅胶上柱色谱(石油醚-CH2Cl28:5作为洗脱剂)纯化残留物,提供24mg的化合物XI[棕色固体,产率:22%]。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm 7.00(bs,1H),5.13(bs,1H),4.57(s,1H),4.53(s,1H),3.89(s,3H),3.73(bd,J=7.0Hz,1H),2.74(td,J=9,1,9.1,1.5Hz,1H),2.36(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.72(bs,3H),1.64(bs,3H),0.88(t,J=6.6Hz,3H)。
化合物XII的前体的合成
2,4-二羟基-3-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-6-戊基苯甲酸苯乙酯(CBDA-苯乙酯)
方案14
向大麻二酚酸(CBDA)(2.15g,6.0mmol)在CH2Cl2(20mL)中的溶液中加入苯乙醇(0.860mL),接着加入DCC(2.550g,12mmol,2mol.equiv)和催化PTSA(30mg)。1h后,通过蒸发处理反应,并将残留物溶解在-18℃冷却的甲苯中20min以沉淀二环己基脲。过滤后,蒸发滤液,并将残留物通过在RP18硅胶上使用甲醇-水梯度(从6:4至纯的甲醇)作为洗脱剂的急骤色谱纯化。获得1.52g(71%)油状物。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm 12.0(s,1H),7.35-7.24m,5H),6.51(bs,1H),6.21(s,1H),5.55(bs,1H),4.55(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),4.53(bs,1H),4.38(bs,1H),4.10(bs,1H),3.10(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.70(m,2H),1.79(bs,3H),1.71(bs,3H),0.88(t,J=6.6Hz,3H)。
化合物XII的制备
4-羟基-5-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-3,6-二氧代-2-戊基环己-1,4-二烯甲酸苯乙酯
方案15
向302mg(0.65mmol)的2,4-二羟基-3-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-6-戊基苯甲酸苯乙酯在4mL EtOAc中的溶液中加入SIBX(1.10g,39.1mmol,6mol当量),并将反应回流1h(方案15)。冷却并经C盐过滤后,将滤液顺序用5%NaHCO3和盐水洗涤。干燥(Na2SO4)和蒸发后,将残留物通过在RP-18硅胶上使用甲醇-水梯度(从6:4至纯的甲醇)作为洗脱剂的急骤色谱纯化,最终提供94mg(31%)的化合物XII。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm 7.00(bs,1H),5.14(bs,1H),4.54(s,1H),4.52(s,1H),4.51(t,J=7.5Hz),3.74(bd,J=7.0Hz,1H),3.02(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),2.75(br t,J=9,1 1.5Hz,1H),2.26(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),1.74(bs,3H),1.67(bs,3H),0.86(t,J=6.6Hz,3H)。
化合物XIII的前体的合成
(E)-2,4-二羟基-3-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2基)环己-2-烯基)-6-戊基苯甲酸3,7-二甲基辛-2,6-二烯酯(CBDA-香叶酯)
方案16
向大麻二酚酸(CBDA)(300mg,0.84mmol)在CH2Cl2(4mL)中的溶液中加入香叶醇(0.18mL.10.1mmol,1.2mol.当量),接着加入DCC(345mg,1.68mmol,2mol当量)和催化的PTSA(30mg)。25min后,通过蒸发处理反应,并将残留物溶解在-18℃冷却的甲苯中20min以沉淀二环己基脲。过滤后,蒸发滤液,并将残留物通过重力硅胶色谱上使用石油醚-EtOAc95:5作为洗脱剂的急骤色谱纯化,获得200mg(67%)的无色油状物。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm 12.1(s,1H),6.48(bs,1H),6.20(s,1H),5.54(bs,1H),5.45(brt,J=6.7Hz,1H),5.08((br s,1H),4.81(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),4.51(bs,1H),4.38(bs,1H),4.08(bs,1H),2.74(m,2H),1.78(bs,3H),1.75(bs,3H),1.71(bs,3H),1.67(bs,3H),0.88(t,J=6.6Hz,3H)。
化合物XIII的制备
(E)-3,7-二甲基辛-2,6-二烯基-4-羟基-5-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-3,6-二氧代-2-戊基环己-1,4-二烯甲酸酯
方案17
向200mg(0.40mmol)的(E)-2,4-二羟基-3-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2基)环己-2-烯基)-6-戊基-苯甲酸3,7-二甲基辛-2,6-二烯酯在4mL EtOAc中的溶液中加入SIBX(680mg,2.4mmol,6mol当量),并将反应回流40min(方案17)。冷却并经C盐过滤后,将滤液顺序用5%NaHCO3和盐水洗涤。干燥(Na2SO4)和蒸发后,将残留物通过在RP-18硅胶上的急骤色谱,使用甲醇-水梯度(从6:4至纯的甲醇)作为洗脱剂纯化,最终提供18mg(9%)的化合物XIII。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm 6.99(bs,1H),5.38(bt,J=6.8Hz,1H),5.12(bs,1H),5.07(bs,1H),4.81(bs,1H),4.80(bs,1H),4.56(bs,1H),3.97(d,J=6.8Hz,2H),2.73(m,1H),2.37(m,2H),1.73(bs,3H),1.70(bs,3H),1.67(bs,3H),1.62(bs,3H),0.86(t,J=6.9,3H)。
化合物XIV的前体的合成
(1S,2S,4R)-1,7,7-三甲基二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基-2,4-二羟基-3-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-6-戊基苯甲酸酯(CBDA龙脑酯)
方案18
向大麻二酚酸(CBDA)(302mg,0.84mmol)在CH2Cl2(4mL)中的溶液中加入(-)(S)-龙脑(157mg,1.2mol当量),接着加入DCC(350mg,2mol当量)和催化的PTSA(30mg)。40min后,通过蒸发处理反应,并将残留物溶解在-18℃冷却的甲苯中20min以沉淀二环己基脲。过滤后,蒸发滤液,并将残留物通过在RP18-硅胶上使用甲醇-水梯度(从6:4至纯的甲醇)作为洗脱剂纯化的急骤色谱纯化。最终获得178mg(59%)的无色油状物。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm 12.2(s,1H),6.48(bs,1H),6.23(s,1H),5.54(bs,1H),5.54(bs,1H),5.19((br s,1H),4.52(bs,1H),4.40(bs,1H),4.12(bs,1H),2.91(m,2H),1.80(bs,3H),1.71(bs,3H),0.96(s,3H),0.89(s,6H),0.88(t,J=6.6Hz,3H)。
化合物XIV的制备
((1S,2S,4R)-)-1,7,7-三甲基二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基-4-羟基-5-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-3,6-二氧代-2-戊基环己-1,4-二烯甲酸酯
方案19
向170mg(0.34mmol)的(1S,2S,4R)-1,7,7-三甲基-二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基-2,4-二羟基-3-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-6-戊基苯甲酸酯在4mL EtOAc中的溶液中加入SIBX(578mg,2.1mmol,6mol当量),并将反应回流40min(方案19)。冷却并经C盐过滤后,将滤液用5%NaHCO3和盐水顺序洗涤。干燥(Na2SO4)和蒸发后,将残留物通过在硅胶上的重力柱色谱,使用石油醚-EtOAc 98:2作为洗脱剂纯化,提供25mg(15%)的化合物XIV。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm 6.98(bs,1H),5.16(bs,1H),5.10(bd,J=10Hz,1H),4.58(bs,1H),4.56(bs,1H),3.75(bd,J=6.8Hz,1H),2.73(m,1H),2.37(m,2H),1.61(bs,3H),0.92(s,3H),0.90(s,3H),0.88(s,3H),0.86(t,J=6.9,3H)。
化合物XV的前体的合成
(1R,2R,4R)-1,5,5-三甲基二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基-2,4-二羟基-3-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-6-戊基苯甲酸酯(CBDA葑酯)
方案20
向大麻二酚酸(CBDA)(550mg,1.54mmol)在CH2Cl2(4mL)中的溶液中加入(+)(R)-葑醇(284mg,1.2mol.当量),接着加入DCC(634mg,2mol.equiv)和催化的PTSA(30mg)。40min后,通过蒸发处理反应,并将残留物溶解在-18℃冷却的甲苯中20min以沉淀二环己基脲。过滤后,蒸发滤液,并将残留物通过在硅胶上柱色谱纯化,提供350mg(64%)的无色油状物。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm 12.34(s,1H),6.50(bs,1H),6.24(s,1H),5.57(bs,1H),4.64(bs,1H),4.52(bs,1H),4.39(bs,1H),4.10(bs,1H),2.97(m,2H),1.71(bs,3H),1.20(s,3H),1.14(s,3H),0.96(s,3H),0.89(s,6H),0.89(t,J=6.6Hz,3H),0.79(s,3H)。
化合物XV的制备
(1R,2R,4R)-4-羟基-5-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-3,6-二氧代-2-戊基环己-1,4-二烯甲酸1,5,5-三甲基二环[2.2.1]庚-2-基酯
方案21
向300mg(0.61mmol)的(1R,2R,4R)-1,5,5-三甲基二环[2.2.1]-庚-2-基-2,4-二羟基-3-((1R,6R)-3-甲基-6-(丙-1-烯-2-基)环己-2-烯基)-6-戊基苯甲酸酯在4mL EtOAc中的溶液中加入SIBX(1.019g,6mol.当量),并且将反应回流40min(方案21)。冷却并经C盐过滤后,将滤液用5%NaHCO3和盐水顺序洗涤。干燥(Na2SO4)和蒸发后,将残留物通过硅胶上重力柱色谱,使用石油醚-EtOAc 98:2作为洗脱剂纯化,提供81mg(27%)的化合物XV。
1H NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)d ppm 6.98(bs,1H),5.16(bs,1H),5.10(bd,J=10Hz,1H),4.60(bs,1H),4.57(bs,1H),4.55(bs,1H),3.73(bd,J=10Hz,1H),2.73(m,1H),2.38(m,2H),1.67(bs,3H),1.15(s,3H),1.10(s,3H),0.86(s,3H),0.86(t,J=6.9,3H)。
体外测定
实施例2.PPARg激动活性。
为了研究新化合物的生物活性,我们在HEK-293细胞和NIH-3T3成纤维细胞中进行了PPARg反式激活测定。
HEK293T细胞和人原代成纤维细胞在37℃在含有5%CO2的潮湿气氛中,在补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS)和1%(v/v)青霉素/链霉素的DMEM中维持。罗格列酮购自Cayman化学公司(Ann Arbor,MI,USA)。所有其他试剂来自Sigma Co(St Louis,MO,USA)。将HEK293T细胞(2x103/孔)(图1A、1B和1C)或NIH-3T3细胞(5x103/孔)(图2)接种在具有透明底96-孔MicrotestTM OptiluxTM板的BD FalconTM White中24小时。之后,按照制造商的使用说明将细胞用表达载体GAL4-PPARγ和萤光素酶报告载体GAL4-luc,使用-Fect(CarlRoth,Karlsruhe,德国)瞬时共转染。转染后二十四小时,将细胞用递增剂量的化合物预处理6小时。然后,将细胞在25mM Tris-磷酸盐pH 7.8,8mM MgCl2,1mM DTT,1%Triton X-100,和7%甘油中裂解。使用TriStar LB 941多模微孔板读数器(Berthold)并按照萤光素酶测定试剂盒(Promega,Madison,WI,USA)的使用说明,测量细胞裂解物中的萤光素酶活性。通过Bradford测定(Bio-Rad,Richmond,CA,USA)测量蛋白浓度。在每个实验值中减去用裂解缓冲液获得的背景,并且特异反式激活表达为相对于未处理细胞的倍数诱导。所有实验重复至少三次。使用的质粒是Gal4-hPPARγ(质粒名称:pCMV-BD-hPPARg,Sinal实验室,药理学系,Dalhousie大学)和Gal4luc报告质粒,其包括五个与萤光素酶基因融合的Gal4DNA结合位点。上述测定由图1(A、B和C)和图2阐明,其通过在瞬时过表达PPARg连同萤光素酶报告基因(PPARg-GAL4/GAL4-LUC)并且用化合物处理6小时的细胞中进行的反式激活测定的方式,显示VCE-004(化合物I)和类似物对PPARg活性的作用。数据以平均值连同三次重复的标准差误差线给出。与未处理的细胞相比,对于醌衍生物观察到萤光素酶活性的显著增加。该结果证实,化合物II至XIV比化合物VCE-004(化合物I)显著更有效地在5至50μM的浓度激活PPARg。化合物II至X以浓度依赖的方式增加PPARg反式激活,II、III、IV、V、VII和VIII是最具活性的化合物。此外,与VCE-004(化合物I)相比,这些化合物的较高浓度(10、25和50μM)对于激活PPARg特别有效。RZG,一种PPARg激动剂,在1μM的浓度增加PPARg的活性多于100倍。相比之下,1μM浓度的本发明中所述的化合物诱导的PPARg活性的最大诱导从未高于5倍,表明这些新化合物是PPARg调节剂而不是PPARg的完全激动剂。
实施例3.大麻二酚-醌衍生物和罗格列酮结合PPARg蛋白中的相同位点。
(A)将HEK293T细胞在37℃在含有5%CO2的潮湿气氛中维持在补充有10%胎牛血清(FBS),和1%(v/v)青霉素/链霉素的DMEM中。罗格列酮购自Cayman Chemical Company(Ann Arbor,MI,USA)。将HEK293T细胞(2x103/孔)(图3A)接种在具有透明底96-孔MicrotestTM OptiluxTM平板的BD FalconTM White 24小时。之后,使用-Fect(CarlRoth,Karlsruhe,德国),按照制造商的使用说明,将细胞与表达载体GAL4-PPARγ和荧光素酶报告载体GAL4-luc瞬时共转染。转染后24h,将细胞用增加剂量的化合物预处理30min并且随后用RSZ(1μM)刺激6小时。如实施例2中所述测量PPARg的转录活性,确认那些化合物III,V,VIII,X,和XIII能够降低RSZ-诱导的PPARg反式激活,因此提示,化合物III,V,VIII,X,和XIII以及RSZ可以结合PPARg上的相同结合位点。
(B)通过虚拟对接,使用AutoDock软件并且将Vina算法设为计算系统,来计算化合物VIII(作为实例)对PPARg的结合特征。设置搜索空间以发现分子表面周围的结合点。为了保证方法的效率,还计算对于标准PPARg配体RSZ的对接特征,以使用这些结果作为对照。对于每种配体(RSZ和化合物VIII)AutoDock报告了10种稳定构象。对于RSZ和化合物VIII的这些构象中的六种匹配之前报道的RSZ结合位点[Liberato等人2012]。PPARg中的残基Y473,H323,I326,S289和H449设为锚定位置,并且是形成对于PPARg配体的结合位点的具有紧密空间位置的一组十个氨基酸的部分[Nolte等人1998],[Itot等人2008],[Li等人2008]。RSZ结合位点对于化合物VIII显示比对于RSZ具有更好的热动力学稳定性(图3B),提示前一化合物对该受体的更高亲和力。实际上,最高亲和力化合物VIII构象显示-8.0KCal/mol的结合亲和力,而RSZ最佳构象显示-6.9Kcal/mol。尽管如此,PPARg中的10个RSZ结合残基中仅两个,I341和R288可能与化合物VIII相互作用。总的来说,这些结果提示,与RSZ相比,在密切相关的结合位点,化合物VIII可能更强地结合PPARg,但具有不同的配体-受体相互作用模式,导致对受体的不同构象效应。此外,阻断I341和R288会足以避免RSZ进入,因此减少该药物的作用。
实施例4.细胞毒性测定。
亲电子醌诱导细胞毒性并激活Nrf2通路,一种反应性氧种类产生的细胞传感器。在图4中,在三种不同类型的细胞N2a(A),HT22(B)和MO3.13(C)中分析了由化合物VCE-004(化合物I)和化合物II至XV诱导的细胞死亡。
将三种细胞系,MO3.13,N2A和HT22细胞在37℃在含有5%CO2的潮湿气氛中、在补充以10%胎牛血清(FBS)和1%(v/v)青霉素/链霉素的DMEM中维持。通过MTT测定确定N2A,HT22和MO3.13细胞存活力。简言之,将细胞以104个细胞/孔的密度接种在96-孔板中,200μl细胞悬浮液/孔,并培养24小时。然后将细胞与数个浓度的化合物孵育24小时。之后,将来自MTT:DMEM(1:2)的混合物溶液的100μl的MTT(5mg/ml)加入至各个孔中,并且将细胞在黑暗中在37℃孵育4h。然后终止反应,移除上清并且将100μl的DMSO加入各个孔中,并且缓慢震荡孵育10分钟。最后,使用TriStar LB 941(Berthold Technologies,GmbH&Co.KG)在550nm测量吸光度。对照细胞设为100%并且数据参考该值。将细胞系N2a(图4A),HT22(图4B)和MO3.13(图4C)细胞与指定剂量的化合物VCE-004(化合物I)和化合物II至XV孵育24h,并且通过MTT测定定量细胞存活力。结果显示为来自至少三次独立实验的平均值±S.D.,并且表达为相对于对照样品(-)的细胞存活力百分数。对照设置为100%并且数据参考该值。结果表明,与VCE-004(化合物I)相关的细胞毒性活性与其诱导Nrf2活化的能力相关。在同样的意义上,对于VCE-004的位置3’中的化合物II至XV衍生物缺乏本发明中所述的细胞毒性活性,与其不能激活Nrf2相关。
实施例5.Nrf2转录活性。
为了研究化合物对Nrf2通路的活性,我们建立了HaCaT-ARE-Luc细胞系。使用2000转染试剂(Life Technologies,Carlsbad,Ca,USA)将Nqo1ARE-Luc报告质粒和pPGK-Puro质粒共转染入HaCat细胞。选择稳定转化子并维持在含有10%FBS,1%青霉素-链霉素和10μl/ml嘌呤霉素的RPMI 1640中。将HaCaT-ARE-Luc细胞以指定浓度与VCE-004(化合物I)和与化合物II至VIII(A)或与化合物IX至XV(B)孵育6h,并且制备蛋白裂解物,并分析实施例1中描述的萤光素酶活性。20μM的促氧化剂叔丁基氢醌(tBHQ)用作阳性对照。采用对照样品(-)作为参考,计算倍数活化水平(图5A和5B)。数据表达为来自至少三次独立实验的平均值±S.D.。结果核准,与VCE-004(化合物I)相关的反应性亲电子活性在本发明所述的所有化合物(位置4中的衍生物)中丢失。
实施例6.神经保护测定。
核受体PPARg的激活在神经保护方面发挥重要作用,并且已知PPARg激动剂预防神经元细胞中谷氨酸-诱导的细胞毒性。
将培养的N2a细胞与指定浓度的化合物I至VIII(图6A)和IX至XV(图6B)预孵育1h并且然后用5mM谷氨酸处理以在24h期间诱导兴奋毒性。通过MTT方法确定细胞毒性,如实施例4中所述。结果表示为至少三次独立实验的平均值±S.D.,并且表达为相对于对照样品(-)的细胞存活力的百分比。对照设置为100%并且数据参考该值。
那些结果表明化合物I和化合物II至XV(其是PPARg调节剂,并且保护神经细胞免于谷氨酸诱导的细胞死亡)之间显著的差异。
实施例7.CBD-醌衍生物对胶原蛋白基因转录的影响。
已经报道PPARg配体发挥抗纤维化作用并且由PPARg活化导致的TGFb信号转导阻断导致成纤维细胞中降低的胶原蛋白产生。
将培养的NIH-3T3成纤维细胞用质粒COL1A2-Luc瞬时转染,所述质粒含有融合于荧光素酶报告基因的人COL1A2启动子的-353至+58bp的序列。24小时后,将细胞与化合物III,V,VIII和X(作为实例)孵育30min并用TGFb(50ng/ml)处理6h。制备蛋白裂解物并分析荧光素酶活性。表明,化合物III,V,VIII和X明显抑制TGFb-诱导的I型胶原蛋白基因转录(图7)。
实施例8.CBD-醌衍生物对胶原蛋白产生的影响。
胶原蛋白的产生使用Sirius Red-Fast Green方法进行,设计所述方法以定量细胞沉淀中的胶原蛋白和非胶原蛋白的量。将NIH-3T3细胞以5x 104/孔的密度接种在24孔板中并且将它们在37℃孵育过夜以允许细胞附着。接着,在24小时期间,将细胞与指定浓度的化合物III,V,VIII和X以及TGFb(50ng/ml)预孵育1小时。处理后,将细胞沉淀在4℃用100μl的0,5M乙酸萃取过夜。然后,将1ml的染料溶液(饱和的苦味酸中溶解的0,1%Sirius Red和0,1%Fast Green)加入至细胞沉淀中并在室温轻轻混合30分钟。接着,将样品在10,000g离心5分钟以沉淀胶原蛋白。将上清小心移除,不破坏沉淀,并且向每个管加入1ml的0.1M盐酸以移除未结合的染料。将样品在10,000g离心5分钟并且向每个管加入1ml的0.5M氢氧化钠并剧烈涡旋以释放结合的染料。将样品在2500g离心5分钟以再次沉淀任何细胞碎片。
确定胶原蛋白产生并且结果表达为相对未处理细胞的倍数诱导。表明,化合物III,V,VIII和X明显抑制成纤维细胞中TGFb-诱导的胶原蛋白产生(图8)。与VCE-004(HU-331)相关的细胞毒性不允许研究该化合物对TGFb-诱导的胶原蛋白产生的影响。
实施例9.VCE-004和CDB-醌衍生物对活性氧类别(ROS)产生和对线粒体跨膜电位的影响。
线粒体膜电位对于维持呼吸链的生理功能以产生ATP是至关重要的。线粒体膜电位的显著损失使得细胞大量消耗能量,随后死亡。因此,确定线粒体膜电位和ROS的能力可以提供关于细胞的生理状态和线粒体响应亲电和反应性分子的功能的重要线索。
在图5中,我们表明,VCE-004(化合物I)是激活Nrf2通路的反应性化合物。为了进一步确认对细胞内ROS产生和对线粒体膜电位的破坏的影响,我们直接分析了HU-311和本发明的化合物。
将Jurkat细胞在37℃和5%CO2在含有10%热灭活的FCS,2mM谷氨酰胺和抗生素的补充的RPMI 1640中生长。为了评估线粒体跨膜电位和活性氧类别(ROS)产生,将细胞(5x105/ml)用增加浓度的VCE-004(化合物I)或用化合物III,V,VII和X(作为化合物I衍生物的实例)处理2小时以检测线粒体膜电位或在6小时期间处理以检测ROS。处理后,将细胞用冷的磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)洗涤两次并在PBS中与荧光探针H2DCF-DA(绿色荧光)(20nM)(检测ROS)和MitoTracker Red CMXR(MTR-CMXR)(50nM)(Molecular Probes,Eugene,OR,USA)(检测线粒体膜电位)在37℃孵育20min,接着在FACSCantoII流式细胞仪上分析。我们发现,VCE-004(化合物I)诱导细胞内ROS水平的明显增加和线粒体膜电位的破坏。相反,化合物III,V,VII和X没有反应性(增加ROS水平)并且不诱导线粒体膜电位的损失。
在图9A中显示,化合物I以浓度依赖性的方式诱导过表达ROS的细胞的百分数的明显增加。相反,化合物III,V,VIII和X不能显著诱导在处理的细胞中的ROS积累。ROS的表达与线粒体膜电位的破坏相关,如图9B中所示。
实施例10.VCE-004和化合物XI与半胱胺的比较反应。
将10mg的VCE-004(化合物I)和化合物XI(作为本发明的CBD-衍生物的实例,可应用于前述衍生物II至X和XII至XV的化合物家族的其他成员)独立地溶解在1mL DMSO中,并且将溶液用过量的(4mol.当量)的半胱胺处理。在室温搅拌1h后,将溶液用水(2mL)并且用石油醚-乙醚9:1萃取。蒸发后,将残留物溶解在CDCl3中,通过1H-NMR分析。未受损地回收化合物XI的同时,VCE-004(I)完全反应,并且在残留物中不可检测,表明VCE-004不可逆地结合半胱胺。
该结果证实了本发明中描述的化合物,特别是化合物III,V,VIII,X和XIII,在神经变性疾病和脑外伤病症(其中神经炎症和神经毒性发挥重要作用)的治疗作用。此外,本发明的化合物特别适合作为PPARg调节剂,特别是用于治疗响应于PPARg调节的疾病或病况。
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Claims (10)
1.式(I)的化合物,或其衍生物,
其中R是由烷基、芳基、烯基、炔基、酰基或烷氧羰基基团表示的直链或支链基团的碳原子;或其中R是由烷基胺、芳基胺、烯基胺或炔基胺基团表示的直链或支链基团的氮原子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其选自:
3.组合物,其包含:式I的化合物和,任选地,至少另外的活性化合物和/或至少药物惰性成分,如赋形剂和/或载体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的组合物,其中式I的化合物选自:
5.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的化合物,其用作药物。
6.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的化合物,其用于治疗PPRAg介导的疾病。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于治疗PPRAg介导的疾病的化合物,所述疾病选自:动脉粥样硬化、炎性肠病、类风湿性关节炎、肝纤维化、肾病、银屑病、皮肤伤口愈合、皮肤再生、胰腺炎、胃炎、神经变性疾病、神经炎性疾病、硬皮病、癌症、高血压、肥胖、或II型糖尿病。
8.根据权利要求3或4中任一项所述的组合物,其用作药物。
9.根据权利要求3或4中任一项所述的组合物,其用于治疗PPARg介导的疾病。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用于治疗PPRAg介导的疾病的组合物,所述疾病选自:动脉粥样硬化、炎性肠病、类风湿性关节炎、肝纤维化、肾病、银屑病、皮肤伤口愈合、皮肤再生、胰腺炎、胃炎、神经变性疾病、神经炎性疾病、硬皮病、癌症、高血压、肥胖、或II型糖尿病。
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CN106866419A (zh) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-06-20 | 石河子大学 | 一类萜酯化合物及其制备方法和用途 |
CN113544117A (zh) * | 2019-02-06 | 2021-10-22 | 埃默拉尔德健康制药公司 | 大麻二酚衍生物的调配物和其作为2型大麻素受体(cb2)的调节剂的用途 |
CN114315585A (zh) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-04-12 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所 | 一种羟戊苯甲酸双酯化合物及其制备方法和制药应用 |
CN116407529A (zh) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-07-11 | 南京医科大学 | 3-硝基-2,6-二羟基苯甲酸右崁醇或葑醇的酯的药物用途 |
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CA3058352A1 (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-04 | Eduardo Munoz Blanco | Cannabidiol derivatives as inhibitors of the hif prolyl hydroxylases activity |
WO2018235079A1 (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-12-27 | Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Ltd. | CANNABIDIOLIC ACID ESTER COMPOSITIONS AND USES THEREOF |
WO2020120637A1 (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-18 | Emerald Health Pharmaceuticals Inc | Cannabigerol quinone acid and salts thereof |
WO2021064730A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 | 2021-04-08 | Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew University Of Jerusalem Ltd | Liposomal cannabinoids and uses thereof |
CN113087599A (zh) * | 2020-01-08 | 2021-07-09 | 成都百裕制药股份有限公司 | 大麻二酚衍生物及其制备方法和在医药上的应用 |
US20230137092A1 (en) * | 2020-02-06 | 2023-05-04 | Emerald Health Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Composition and Method for the Treatment and Prevention of Cardiac, Pulmonary, Dermal, and Renal Fibrosis |
US20240041904A1 (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2024-02-08 | Buzzelet Development And Technologies Ltd. | Compositions comprising cannabinoid acid esters |
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US20090093521A1 (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2009-04-09 | Maria Laura Bolognesi | 2, 5-Bis-Diamine [1,4] Benzoquinone-Derivatives |
EP2139847A1 (en) * | 2007-03-05 | 2010-01-06 | Yissum Research Development Company, of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem | Novel quinonoid derivatives of cannabinoids and their use in the treatment of malignancies |
US20130203715A1 (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2013-08-08 | Pulmatrix, Inc. | Use of trp channel agonists to treat infections |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN106866419A (zh) * | 2017-04-14 | 2017-06-20 | 石河子大学 | 一类萜酯化合物及其制备方法和用途 |
CN113544117A (zh) * | 2019-02-06 | 2021-10-22 | 埃默拉尔德健康制药公司 | 大麻二酚衍生物的调配物和其作为2型大麻素受体(cb2)的调节剂的用途 |
CN114315585A (zh) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-04-12 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所 | 一种羟戊苯甲酸双酯化合物及其制备方法和制药应用 |
CN116407529A (zh) * | 2023-03-24 | 2023-07-11 | 南京医科大学 | 3-硝基-2,6-二羟基苯甲酸右崁醇或葑醇的酯的药物用途 |
CN116407529B (zh) * | 2023-03-24 | 2024-05-10 | 南京医科大学 | 3-硝基-2,6-二羟基苯甲酸右崁醇或葑醇的酯的药物用途 |
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