CN106226176B - Underwater explosion loading acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test method - Google Patents
Underwater explosion loading acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106226176B CN106226176B CN201610530727.XA CN201610530727A CN106226176B CN 106226176 B CN106226176 B CN 106226176B CN 201610530727 A CN201610530727 A CN 201610530727A CN 106226176 B CN106226176 B CN 106226176B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0236—Other environments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
Underwater explosion loading acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test device and method, described device includes water shock wave generator, Hopkinson pressure bar, the water shock wave generator is mounted on one end of Hopkinson pressure bar incident bar, and water shock wave generator includes container, pressure adjustment knob, hydraulic pressure sensor, detonator, detonator, water-proof explosive.Its test method is carried out by Hopkinson pressure bar test method.The present invention reduces underwater explosion stress state to greatest extent, rock dynamic mechanical is tested when for underwater demolition, provide a kind of effective reliable measurements device and method, be conducive to and guide engineering construction to the research of underwater explosion blast mechanism, Energy distribution, propagation law, dynamic response etc., effective protection is taken to hydraulic facility and construction of structures, reduces explosion negative effect to the maximum extent.Structure of the invention is rationally, experiment is convenient, theory is simple, easy to operation, and simulation is true, and measurement result is accurate and reliable.To realize that underwater precisely explosion provides possibility.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of underwater explosion loadings to act on lower rock dynamic mechanical test device and method;Especially
It is related to a kind of lower rock dynamic mechanical test device of underwater explosion loading effect based on Hopkinson pressure bar experimental system
And method, belong to material mechanical performance field of measuring technique.
Technical background
Early in 1914 Hopkinson (Hopkinson) just propose dynamic mechanical of the material under High-Speed Loading
Can test method, the application of load is by bullet or explosion wave impact stock, by when explosive charge or projectile impact is to hard
Load produced by body surface.The explosion wave impact riveting stake that Kolsky in 1949 uses detonator to generate, make riveting stake impact steel pole from
And incident compressional wave is generated, the SHPB device in this device much like modern times.Currently, testing load bringing device used is height
Vapour big gun is pressed, using high pressure gas as power, the formed punch in emission cavity is pushed, makes the incident bar of its high-speed impact system, to produce
Raw stress pulse.The above load bringing device and method are that load acts on the dynamic of rock under the conditions of a kind of simulation rigid contact
Mechanic property test method is only capable of simulating the rigid load situation of impact of such as soilstone ratio to rock, to measure high speed
The dynamic mechanical of rock under loading environment.There are also a kind of explosion, there is one or more surfaces to face sky in the water surface hereinafter referred to as water
Lower explosion, underwater demolition and rock blasting are very different, and the Explosive Shock Loading that underwater demolition process generates passes through to water body
Compression propagated, water body is the medium of homogeneous and isotropic, and the depth of water, hydraulic pressure also have the brisance of explosive very big
Influence, this be not quite similar under non-underwater environment.The application of current underwater demolition is more and more wider, studies it also increasingly
It is more, it is concentrated mainly on such as power station, port and pier, bridge construction, ocean lake, the dredging in canal bay navigation channel and dam
Build, the fields such as the salvaging of shipwreck.But the laboratory test research for underwater explosion loading to the blasting impact effect of rock
But seldom, lack simple, economic, easy-operating related experiment equipment.Underwater demolition research is later than rock blasting, and for underwater
Explosive load acts on the test device of the dynamic mechanical of lower rock and method is even more rare report at present, up to now, very
It is rare to the load simulator for relating to underwater explosion and underwater explosion when rock dynamic mechanical test method public affairs
Report is opened, therefore researches and develops a kind of suitable simulation underwater demolition brittle material surface stress measurement device and method, it is underwater to study
The strength characteristics of material under blasting environment, becomes needing for this field.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiency of the prior art, provide it is a kind of it is structurally reasonable, experiment is convenient, easy to operate
It is easy, accurately and reliably underwater explosion loading acts on lower rock for real simulation underwater explosion stress state, measurement result to greatest extent
Stone dynamic mechanical test device and method.
Underwater explosion loading of the present invention acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test device, and described device includes water shock wave hair
Raw device, incident bar, transmission bar, foil gauge, Acquisition Instrument;The water shock wave generator is mounted on one end of incident bar, incident bar
The other end is equipped with the transmission bar installed with incident bar coaxial line, to be measured for accommodating close to being equipped between end in incident bar and transmission bar
The room of sample is respectively provided with one group of foil gauge being electrically connected with Acquisition Instrument on incident bar and transmission bar;
The water shock wave generator includes that container, pressure adjustment knob, hydraulic pressure sensor, detonator, detonator, waterproof are fried
Medicine fills water in the container, and integrally in water, detonator one end is connect with detonator, another for installation suspension for detonator, water-proof explosive
End extends to outside container;The hydraulic pressure sensor is embedded on the wall, and one end extends in container and contacts with water, the other end and
Acquisition Instrument connection;A threaded hole is additionally provided on container, pressure adjustment knob spinning is in the threaded hole.
Underwater explosion loading of the present invention acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test device, and the foil gauge is separately mounted to
Incident bar and transmission bar are close on the bar wall at end;The foil gauge being mounted on incident bar is defined as first group of foil gauge, is mounted on
Foil gauge on transmission bar is defined as second group of foil gauge.
Underwater explosion loading of the present invention acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test device, and the strain gauge adhesion is in incidence
On the bar wall of bar or transmission bar or the foil gauge is inlaid on incident bar or transmission bar.
Underwater explosion loading of the present invention acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test device, and one end of detonator passes through pressure
Adjusting knob extends to outside container.
Underwater explosion loading of the present invention acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test device, the appearance of the water shock wave generator
Device is hollow cylinder or hollow sphere.
Underwater explosion loading of the present invention acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test device, when container is hollow cylinder,
One end of hollow cylinder is closing bottom surface, and the other end is opening, and screw thread, pressure adjustment knob rotation are equipped on the wall of open end
On the screw thread;Hollow cylinder and incident bar coaxial line are installed, and the closing bottom surface of hollow cylinder and incident bar
End thereof contacts;
The length of hollow cylinder is more than or equal to 30cm;The diameter of hollow cylinder matches with incident boom end;
Detonator and explosive are suspended in close to the position of hollow cylinder closing bottom surface in hollow cylinder, apart from hollow cylinder
Body closes 10~15cm of bottom surface;
When the interior wall of open end is arranged in the screw thread of container open end, pressure adjustment knob sets threaded for outer surface
It is cylindric;
When the outer wall of open end is arranged in the screw thread of container open end, pressure adjustment knob is the cylinder equipped with housing
Body is equipped with screw thread in the housing inner surface.
Underwater explosion loading of the present invention acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test device, when container is hollow sphere, spherical shell
Surface is equipped with the plane to match with incident boom end, and the center vertical line of the plane is overlapped with incident rod axis;Spherical shell
It is equipped with a threaded hole, pressure adjustment knob spinning is in the threaded hole;
The diameter of hollow sphere is more than or equal to 30cm;
Detonator and explosive are suspended in the center of hollow sphere.
Underwater explosion loading of the present invention acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test device, and the water-proof explosive is that emulsification is fried
Medicine.
Underwater explosion loading of the present invention acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test method, includes the following steps:
Step 1
Rock sample is mounted on set on incident bar and transmission bar close in the room between end, incident bar and transmission bar are made
Connect proximal face respectively with symmetrical two face contacts of sample;
Explosive, detonator are mounted in water shock wave generator, detonator one end is connect with explosive, detonator, and the other end passes through
Pressure adjustment knob extends to outside water shock wave generator;
Step 2
According to the depth of the corresponding water in scheduled underwater explosion position, the pressure value P of water at respective depth is determined, adjust
Pressure adjustment knob enters the depth of water shock wave generator, until the water shock wave that the Acquisition Instrument being electrically connected with pressure sensor is shown
Hydraulic pressure reaches P in generator;
Step 3
After opening Acquisition Instrument, detonating charge generates water shock wave in water shock wave generator, directly impact incident bar, passes through
Incident bar applies shock loading to sample;
Acquisition Instrument records and stores the reflection strain stress that incident stress wave produced by explosion reaches first group of foil gauge in real timeR、
The transmission strain stress of second group of foil gaugeT, the strain value ε of sample is calculated by formula 1~3S, dynamic compression strength σs, average
Strain rate
A indicates the cross-sectional area of compression bar, A in formulaSThe cross-sectional area of representing sample, C0The elastic wave velocity for indicating compression bar, passes through
It inquires the included component mechanical property parameters of instrument to determine, C0For definite value;The length of L representing sample, E indicate the springform of compression bar
Amount.
Principle and advantage
A kind of underwater explosion loading of the present invention acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test device and method, close by water drum
Envelope, it is ensured that detonator and explosive are placed in totally enclosed water environment and explode, securely and reliably.Reach adjusting by adjusting water drum lid simultaneously
The effect of hydraulic pressure, so that experiment can simulate the blast impulse effect under different water depth, different hydraulic pressure environment.Explosive Shock Wave is with water
For medium, tunneling boring uniform load, especially water drum can be carried out to incident boom end and incident bar is section contact, explosive impact
When wave is to incident bar end load, bucket can be convenient with incident bar and separate, will not be to the surge wave for being applied to incident rod end surface
Generate interference, it is ensured that in Hopkinson pressure bar test, the uniformity and surge wave for the surge wave that incident boom end is born are in incidence
The stability and reliability transmitted in bar effectively promote the precision of Hopkinson pressure bar test.It overcomes at present using high pressure gas
Body drives formed punch to carry out the shortcomings that impact cannot simulate underwater explosion impact completely.It can be measured through the invention in water shock wave lotus
Load acts on the dynamic characteristics of lower rock, can be carried out deeply to blast mechanism, Energy distribution, propagation law, dynamic response etc.
Research, rationally target is effectively destroyed using energy when being conducive to underwater demolition, while hydraulic facility and construction are built
Object takes effective protection, reduces explosion negative effect to the maximum extent.Rock dynamic mechanical is tested when for underwater demolition, is mentioned
A kind of effective reliable measurements device and method is supplied.
Structure of the invention is rationally, experiment is convenient, theory is simple, easy to operation.It reduces to greatest extent underwater quick-fried
Fried stress state, simulation is true, and measurement result is accurate and reliable.To realize that underwater precisely explosion provides possibility.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing 1 is hollow cylinder water shock wave generator architecture schematic diagram in the present invention;
Attached drawing 2 is that the outer of open end is arranged in the screw thread of hollow cylinder water shock wave generator container open end in the present invention
Structural schematic diagram when wall;
Attached drawing 3 is hollow sphere water shock wave generator architecture schematic diagram in the present invention;
Attached drawing 4 is that underwater explosion loading of the present invention acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test device schematic diagram.
In figure: 1-container, 2-hydraulic pressure sensors, 3-pressure adjustment knobs, 4-detonators, 5-detonators, 6-waterproofs
Explosive, 7-water, 8-incident bars, 9-samples, 10-transmission bars, the 11-the first group foil gauge, the 12-the second group foil gauge.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment is described in further details the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Embodiment 1
Referring to attached drawing 1,4, invention underwater explosion loading acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test device, described device packet
Include water shock wave generator, incident bar 8, transmission bar 10, foil gauge, Acquisition Instrument;The water shock wave generator includes container 1, pressure
Adjusting knob 3, hydraulic pressure sensor 2, detonator 4, detonator 5, water-proof explosive 6, the container 1 are the hollow cylinder of length 60cm
Body, one end are closing bottom surfaces, and the other end is opening, and water 7 is filled in container 1, and detonator 4,6 one installation of water-proof explosive are suspended at
10~15cm of bottom surface is closed away from hollow cylinder in water, water-proof explosive 6 is emulsion;5 one end of detonator is connect with detonator 4,
The other end passes through pressure adjustment knob 3 and extends to outside container 1;The hydraulic pressure sensor 2 is inlaid on 1 wall of container, and one end extends
It is contacted in container 1 with water, the other end is connect with Acquisition Instrument;Internal screw thread is equipped on the interior wall of 1 open end of container, pressure is adjusted
Knob 3 is that outer surface sets threaded cylindric and spinning on the internal screw thread, and the container 1 is mounted on the one of incident bar 8
End, diameter and 8 end of incident bar of the hollow cylinder of container 1 match, and the other end of incident bar 8 is equipped with same with incident bar 8
The transmission bar 10 of axis installation is entering in incident bar 8 and transmission bar 10 close to the room being equipped between end for accommodating sample to be tested
It penetrates on bar 8 and transmission bar 10 and is respectively provided with one group of foil gauge being electrically connected with Acquisition Instrument;
The foil gauge is separately mounted to incident bar 8 and transmission bar 10 close on the bar wall at end;It is mounted on incident bar 8
Foil gauge is defined as first group of foil gauge 11, and the foil gauge being mounted on transmission bar 10 is defined as second group of foil gauge 12;
The strain gauge adhesion is on the bar wall of incident bar 8 or transmission bar 10.
The Acquisition Instrument is the static-dynamic deformeter of DH 3817.
Embodiment 2
Referring to attached drawing 1,2,4, the present embodiment the difference from embodiment 1 is that:
External screw thread is equipped on the outer wall of hollow cylinder open end, pressure adjustment knob 3 is the cylinder equipped with housing 14
Body is equipped with screw thread and spinning on the external screw thread of hollow cylinder open end in 14 inner surface of housing, and the foil gauge is embedding
On incident bar 8 or transmission bar 10.
Embodiment 3
Referring to attached drawing 1,3,4, the present embodiment the difference from embodiment 1 is that:
Container 1 is hollow sphere, and spherical shell surface is equipped with a plane 17 to match with 8 end of incident bar, the plane 17
Center vertical line be overlapped with 8 axis of incident bar;Spherical shell is equipped with a threaded hole 18, and 3 spinning of pressure adjustment knob is in the screw thread
In hole 18;
The diameter of hollow sphere is 45cm;
Detonator 4 and water-proof explosive 6 are suspended in the center of hollow sphere.
Embodiment 4:
Referring to attached drawing 4, underwater explosion loading acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test method, includes the following steps:
Step 1
Rock sample 9 is mounted on set on incident bar 8 and transmission bar 10 close in the room between end, make incident bar 8 with
Transmission bar 10 connect proximal face respectively with 9 symmetrical two face contacts of sample;
In the container 1 by emulsion 6, the installation of detonator 4,5 one end of detonator is connect with emulsion 6, detonator 4, another
End extends to outside container 1 across pressure adjustment knob 3;Emulsion dosage is 5g;
Step 2
It is 20m according to the depth of the corresponding water in scheduled underwater explosion position, calculates the pressure value of water at respective depth
P=196kPa adjusts the depth that pressure adjustment knob 3 enters in container 1, until the Acquisition Instrument being electrically connected with pressure sensor 2
Hydraulic pressure reaches P in the container 1 of display;
Step 3
After opening Acquisition Instrument (the static-dynamic deformeter of DH 3817), detonating charge generates water shock wave in the container 1, directly rushes
Incident bar 8 is hit, shock loading is applied to sample by incident bar 8;
Acquisition Instrument records and stores the maximum reflection that incident stress wave produced by explosion reaches first group of foil gauge 11 in real time
Strain stressR=0.0039, the max transmissive strain stress of second group of foil gauge 12T=263.7 × 10-6;It is calculated by formula 1~3
The strain value ε of sampleS, dynamic compression strength σs, mean strain rate
A indicates the cross-sectional area of incident bar or transmission bar, A in formulaSThe cross-sectional area of representing sample, C0Indicate incident bar or
The elastic wave velocity of transmission bar, the length of L representing sample, E indicate the elasticity modulus of incident bar or transmission bar;
ε is surveyed in the present embodimentR、εTValue is respectively as follows: εR=0.0039, εT=263.7 × 10-6;
The size of incident bar is 50 × 2000mm of Φ;
The size of sample 9 is 50 × 50mm of Φ;
The elastic wave velocity C of incident bar or transmission bar0=5190m/s;
Elastic modulus E=210GPa of incident bar or transmission bar;
By being calculated:
εS=0.00201;σs=55.38MPa;
Claims (8)
1. underwater explosion loading acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test method, include the following steps:
Step 1
Lower rock dynamic mechanical test device is acted on using underwater explosion loading, described device include water shock wave generator,
Hopkinson pressure bar, the water shock wave generator are mounted on one end of Hopkinson pressure bar incident bar, the water shock wave generator
Including container, pressure adjustment knob, hydraulic pressure sensor, detonator, detonator, water-proof explosive;In the water shock wave generator, container
Water is inside filled, integrally in water, detonator one end is connect with detonator, and the other end extends to appearance for installation suspension for detonator, water-proof explosive
Outside device;The hydraulic pressure sensor is embedded on the wall, and one end extends in container and contacts with water, and the other end and Acquisition Instrument connect
It connects;A threaded hole is additionally provided on container, pressure adjustment knob spinning is in the threaded hole;
By rock sample be mounted on Hopkinson pressure bar incident bar and transmission bar close to end between room in, make incident bar with
Transmission bar connect proximal face respectively with symmetrical two face contacts of sample;
Step 2
According to the depth of the corresponding water in scheduled underwater explosion position, the pressure value P of water at respective depth is determined, adjust pressure
Adjusting knob enters the depth of water shock wave generator, until the water shock wave that the Acquisition Instrument being electrically connected with pressure sensor is shown occurs
Hydraulic pressure reaches P in device;
Step 3
After opening Acquisition Instrument, detonating charge generates water shock wave in water shock wave generator, directly impact incident bar, passes through incidence
Bar applies shock loading to sample;
Acquisition Instrument records and stores the reflection strain that incident stress wave produced by explosion reaches first group of foil gauge in real time, second
The transmission strain of group foil gauge, the strain value of sample is calculated by formula 1 ~ 3, dynamic compression strength, mean strain rate;
(1)
(2)
(3)
In formulaAIndicate the cross-sectional area of compression bar,A S The cross-sectional area of representing sample,C 0 Indicate the elastic wave velocity of compression bar,LIndicate examination
The length of sample,EIndicate the elasticity modulus of compression bar.
2. underwater explosion loading according to claim 1 acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test method, feature exists
In: one end of detonator passes through pressure adjustment knob and extends to outside container.
3. underwater explosion loading according to any one of claims 1 or 2 acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test side
Method, it is characterised in that: the container of the water shock wave generator is hollow cylinder or hollow sphere.
4. underwater explosion loading according to claim 3 acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test method, feature exists
In: when container is hollow cylinder, one end of hollow cylinder is closing bottom surface, and the other end is opening, on the wall of open end
Equipped with screw thread, pressure adjustment knob spinning is on the screw thread;Hollow cylinder and incident bar coaxial line are installed, and hollow cylinder
The end thereof contacts of the closing bottom surface and incident bar of body.
5. underwater explosion loading according to claim 4 acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test method, feature exists
In: the length of hollow cylinder is more than or equal to 30 cm.
6. underwater explosion loading according to claim 4 acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test method, feature exists
In: detonator and explosive are suspended in hollow cylinder close to the position of hollow cylinder closing bottom surface, are sealed apart from hollow cylinder
Close 10 ~ 15cm of bottom surface.
7. underwater explosion loading according to claim 6 acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test method, feature exists
In: the interior wall of container open end is provided with internal screw thread, and pressure adjustment knob sets threaded cylindric for outer surface;Vessel port
The outer wall of open end is arranged in the screw thread at end, and pressure adjustment knob is the cylindrical body equipped with housing, sets in the housing inner surface
There is internal screw thread.
8. underwater explosion loading according to claim 3 acts on lower rock dynamic mechanical test method, feature exists
Be hollow sphere in: container, spherical shell surface is equipped with the plane to match with incident boom end, the center vertical line of the plane and
Incident rod axis is overlapped;Spherical shell is equipped with a threaded hole, and pressure adjustment knob spinning is in the threaded hole;
The diameter of hollow sphere is more than or equal to 30cm;
Detonator and explosive are suspended in the center of hollow sphere.
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