CN111766161B - Underwater explosion conical shock tube experimental device in hydrostatic pressure environment - Google Patents
Underwater explosion conical shock tube experimental device in hydrostatic pressure environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN111766161B CN111766161B CN202010632815.7A CN202010632815A CN111766161B CN 111766161 B CN111766161 B CN 111766161B CN 202010632815 A CN202010632815 A CN 202010632815A CN 111766161 B CN111766161 B CN 111766161B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/313—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by explosives
Abstract
The invention discloses an underwater explosion conical shock tube experimental device in a hydrostatic pressure environment, and aims to solve the technical problems that a direct experiment is limited by a field, the preparation period is long, and a key underwater explosion load cannot be realized in a non-explosive underwater explosion experiment. The device consists of a loading cabin, a shock tube, an observation tube and a hydrostatic pressure control system, wherein the loading cabin, the shock tube and the observation tube are coaxially assembled from left to right. The through hole at the middle shaft of the charging cabin is divided into two sections, the left section is filled with a detonator, and the right section is filled with an explosive; the cavity in the shock tube is in a round table shape, and the rightmost end of the cavity is provided with a tested piece and is filled with water medium; the cavity in the observation tube is filled with aqueous medium or air. The hydrostatic pressure control system is communicated with the cavity inside the shock tube. The invention can complete the underwater explosion resistance performance test experiments under different medium conditions, different initial hydrostatic pressure conditions and different explosive equivalent weight conditions, realizes the effect of underwater explosion in real environment under laboratory conditions, and has short experimental period, simple operation and small explosive amount.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to an explosion experimental device, and particularly relates to an underwater explosion conical shock tube experimental device in a hydrostatic pressure environment.
Background
The underwater explosion experiment is an important means for carrying out anti-explosion and anti-impact test and research on ship structures and materials. The most direct underwater explosion experiment mode is carried out in an open water area, an explosion water tank or an explosion water tank, but the experiment mode has higher requirements on experiment places, namely the explosion water tank with large volume or the explosion water tank in a specific place, and when the experiment is carried out, the coordination preparation in all aspects is complicated, and the period of one experiment is longer. In order to solve the problems, a simulation experiment technology is developed abroad, and an underwater explosion experiment is carried into a laboratory. These simulation experimental techniques include: the non-explosive underwater explosion technology for simulating the loading of the underwater explosion shock wave by the collision of the flying piece with the piston and the conical shock tube explosion loading technology for realizing large impact amplitude by small equivalent explosive charge are adopted. Related domestic units have introduced non-explosive underwater explosion technology therein, and non-explosive underwater explosion shock wave loading experimental devices based on flyer impact are designed and built to make up for the defects of related domestic fields, but the experimental devices are limited by the principle of the technology per se, can only realize one-time shock wave loading in underwater explosion loads, and cannot realize more important bubble pulsation loads and water jet loads in underwater explosion loads for the time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an underwater explosion conical shock tube experimental device in a hydrostatic pressure environment, and solves the technical problems that direct experiments are limited by sites, the preparation period is long, and key underwater explosion loads such as bubble pulsation loads and water jet loads cannot be realized in non-explosive underwater explosion experiments.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to an underwater explosion conical shock tube experimental device in a hydrostatic pressure environment, which consists of a medicine loading cabin, a shock tube, an observation tube and a hydrostatic pressure control system. The materials of the medicine loading cabin, the shock tube and the observation tube are metal, and the density is rho1>7g/cm3Yield strength σ1>400 MPa; the pressure control range of the hydrostatic pressure control system is 0 to 10MPa, and the control precision is 0.01 MPa.
The end of the invention close to the initiation point is defined as the left side, and the end close to the tested piece is defined as the right side. The loading cabin, the shock tube and the observation tube are sequentially and coaxially assembled from left to right, the loading cabin and the shock tube are in threaded fastening connection through a medicine cabin wall on the shock tube, and the shock tube is connected with the observation tube through flanges on the shock tube and the observation tube. The hydrostatic pressure control system is connected with the shock tube through a pressure control system interface on the shock tube.
The medicine loading cabin is of a cylindrical structure and has a diameter D1Length of L1. The center shaft of the medicine loading cabin is provided with a through hole which is divided into two sections, one section at the left side is a detonating port which is cylindrical, and the diameter d of the detonating port14Diameter d for filling detonators and explosion-proof mud14Is slightly larger than the diameter of the detonator; one section of the right side of the through hole is a medicine loading opening and is in a shape of a circular truncated cone, the size of the cone angle of the circular truncated cone is alpha, and the alpha is determined according to the amplification principle of the conical shock tubeSatisfy 3 DEG<α<10 degrees; the diameter of the right end face of the medicine loading opening is d13，d13>d14For loading with explosives. Diameter D of the chamber in order to meet the safety requirements of the structure1Satisfy D1>5d13。
A first sealing ring groove is dug on the right end surface of the medicine containing cabin, the first sealing ring groove is annular and shares a central axis with the medicine containing cabin, and the annular radius is r12Satisfy 1.8d13>r12>1.5d13The first sealing ring groove is used for placing a sealing ring, and the annular width is equal to the width of the sealing ring.
The outer side surface of the medicine loading cabin is carved with a length l from the right end surface to the left11The powder charging cabin is fixedly connected with the powder cabin wall on the shock tube through the external thread, |11Satisfies 0.8L1>l11>0.5L1。
The shock tube consists of a medicine cabin wall, a tube body and a first flange. The pipe body is of a cylindrical structure and has a diameter D2Length of L2. A circular truncated cone is dug at the middle shaft of the pipe body, so that the center of the pipe body is a circular truncated cone-shaped cavity, the cone angle of the circular truncated cone is alpha, and the diameter of the left end face of the circular truncated cone-shaped cavity is d13Right end face diameter of d28，d28>d13And satisfies 100mm<d28<500 mm. To meet the strength requirement, 1.2d28<D2<2d28. The length of the truncated cone-shaped cavity is L2Satisfy (L)1+L2)/50<L1<(L1+L2)/10. The truncated cone-shaped cavity is filled with an aqueous medium to form an underwater explosion environment.
The left end face of the pipe body is provided with a medicine cabin wall which is of a cylindrical structure and is coaxial with the shock tube, and the inner diameter of the cylinder is D1The thickness of the cylindrical wall is t21，t21>d13Cylinder height of h21Satisfy 0.5L1<h21<0.8L1. The chamber wall can be integrally machined with the tube body or welded to the left end face of the tube body. The inner wall of the cartridge wall has internal threads for mating with the external threads of the cartridge.
An annular second sealing ring groove is dug on the left end face of the pipe body, the shape of the second sealing ring groove is completely the same as that of the first sealing ring groove, and a sealing ring is placed together with the first sealing ring groove. The right end of the pipe body is provided with a first flange, and the inner diameter of the first flange is D2Outer diameter of D4Thickness t25For connection to a sight tube, inner diameter D2Satisfies 1.2d28<D2<2d28Outer diameter D of the first flange4And a thickness t25According to the regulation of GB/9119-2000 by D2And (4) determining.
The horizontal ground is taken as a reference, the direction pointing to the horizontal ground is defined to be downward, and the direction back to the horizontal ground is defined to be upward. Three upward cylindrical through holes and two downward cylindrical through holes are formed in the tube body of the shock tube. The three upward through holes are respectively a shock wave sensor interface, a shock wave tube water inlet and an exhaust port from left to right; the two through holes which face downwards are respectively a pressure control system interface and a shock tube water outlet from left to right. The distances between the axes of the shock wave sensor interface, the shock wave tube water inlet, the air outlet, the shock wave tube water outlet and the pressure control system interface and the right end face of the shock wave tube are respectively l22、l23、l24、l26And l27The diameters of the shock wave sensor interface, the shock wave tube water inlet, the shock wave tube air outlet, the shock wave tube water outlet and the pressure control system interface are d22、d23、d24、d26And d27. In order to reduce the influence of the opening on the propagation of shock waves and ensure the efficiency of water inlet, exhaust and drainage, the diameters of the shock tube water inlet, the shock tube water outlet and the shock tube air outlet meet 8mm<d23，d24，d26<16 mm; distance l from exhaust port to right end face of shock tube24Satisfy t25+0.5d24<l24<t25+0.5d24+10 mm; distance l from water outlet of shock tube to right end face of shock tube26Satisfy t25+0.5d26<l26<t25+0.5d26+10 mm; distance l from water inlet of shock tube to right end face of shock tube23There is no particular requirement. Diameter d of shock wave sensor interface22The diameter of the shock wave sensor is larger than that of the shock wave sensor; in order to facilitate the identification of the incident shock wave and the reflected shock wave, the distance l from the shock wave sensor interface to the right end face of the shock wave tube22Satisfy l22>100 mm. Diameter d of pressure control system interface27Matched with the pressure output pipe of the hydrostatic pressure control system used, generally d 276 mm; distance l from interface of pressure control system to right end face of shock tube27There is no particular requirement.
The shock tube water inlet, the shock tube air outlet, the shock tube water outlet and the pressure control system interface are all provided with valves with pressure resistance not less than 10MPa, and the valves are opened when in use and closed when not in use.
In order to ensure the pressure-resistant watertight characteristic of the interface of the shock wave sensor, sealing glue can be adopted for packaging; in order to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of the sensor and ensure the pressure-resistant watertight characteristic of the interface of the shock wave sensor, a sealing bolt can be adopted for packaging. The sealing bolt consists of a sealing bolt inner core and a sealing bolt outer lining. The inner core of the sealing bolt is of a bolt structure with two sections of cylindrical holes dug at the axis, one section of hole at the upper end is an upper lead hole, and the diameter of the upper lead hole is larger than that of a sensor lead in order to ensure that the lead of the sensor passes through the upper lead hole; a section of hole at the lower end is a sealing hole with the diameter d106Is satisfied with and d103<d106. The diameter of the stud of the sealing bolt inner core is d101. The outer lining of the sealing bolt is a bolt structure with a threaded hole dug at the axis, and the diameter of the stud of the outer lining of the sealing bolt is d102Satisfy d102＝d22(ii) a Diameter d of the threaded hole105＝d101The lower end of the threaded hole is in a circular truncated cone shape, the lower end of the circular truncated cone is provided with a lower lead hole, and the diameter d of the lower lead hole is used for ensuring that a lead of the sensor passes through104Larger than the diameter of the sensor lead. When the shock wave sensor interface 22 is packaged by the sealing bolt 10, the lead wire of the shock wave sensor firstly passes through the lower lead hole and the upper lead hole of the sealing bolt from bottom to top, after the length of the lead wire is adjusted, the explosion-proof mud is filled in the sealing hole of the sealing bolt, and the inner core of the sealing bolt is filled upAnd (3) fully screwing the sealing bolt into the outer lining of the sealing bolt, finally putting the shock wave sensor into the shock wave sensor interface, and screwing the sealing bolt into the shock wave sensor interface.
The observation tube is a cylindrical structure with an opening at one end and a closed end, and the outer diameter of the cylinder is D2Inner diameter ═ d28The length of the cylinder being L3L is satisfied in order not to hinder the deformation of the test piece3>0.5D2. The left end face of the observation tube is open, the right end face of the observation tube is closed, and the thickness of the closed end is t32Satisfy t32>6 mm. The left end face of the observation tube is also dug with a test piece mounting groove, and the diameter of the test piece mounting groove is d34Satisfy 1.1d28<d34<1.2d28Depth of t34Satisfy d28/100<t34<6d28/100. d is the diameter of the tested piece, t is the thickness of the tested piece, and d is required34D, and t is greater than or equal to t34. After the test piece mounting groove of the observation tube is well provided with the tested piece, the left end face is equivalently sealed, a cylindrical cavity is formed between the left end face and the right end face of the observation tube, and the cylindrical cavity can be filled with water media or air according to different experimental requirements.
The left end of observation pipe is installed the second flange, and second flange internal diameter ═ D2Outer diameter ═ D4For connection to the first flange. The right end surface of the observation tube is embedded with a diameter d32The round observation window is made of organic glass and can be connected with the observation tube in a sealing adhesive bonding mode. On the lateral wall of observation tube, it has two cylindrical through-holes to open, one is observation tube water inlet up and one is observation tube drainage mouth down, and the distance of the axis distance observation tube right-hand member face of observation tube water inlet and observation tube drainage mouth is l respectively31And l33Diameter d of water inlet of observation tube and water discharge port of observation tube31And d33. In order to ensure the efficiency of water inlet and water discharge, the diameters of the water inlet of the observation pipe and the water discharge port of the observation pipe meet 8mm<d31，d33<10 mm; distance l from water inlet of observation tube and water discharge port of observation tube to right end face of observation tube31And l33There is no particular requirement.
The pressure control range of the hydrostatic pressure control system adopted by the invention is 0 to 10MPa, and the control precision is 0.01 MPa. The hydrostatic pressure control system 4 is communicated with a circular truncated cone-shaped cavity 28 inside the shock tube 2 through a pressure control system interface 27 on the shock tube 2, so as to realize the setting of initial hydrostatic pressure.
When the invention is used for experiments, a tested piece, explosive, a detonator, explosion-proof mud and a shock wave sensor are prepared in advance. Before the experiment is carried out, the diameter d and the thickness t of a tested piece need to be measured, and the serial number is recorded; and installing the tested piece between the shock tube and the observation tube. And if the right side of the tested piece is the water environment according to the experiment requirement, injecting water into the observation pipe through the water inlet of the observation pipe. Measuring the mass of the explosive and recording; filling explosive into a charging opening of the charging cabin to enable the explosive to be in close contact with the charging cabin, and smearing a layer of vaseline on a contact surface to enhance sealing; and (3) mounting the explosive loading cabin filled with the explosive into the explosive loading cabin wall in the direction of the threads until the explosive loading cabin cannot be screwed in, and confirming that the right end face of the explosive loading cabin is in parallel contact with the left end face of the shock tube. And the shock wave sensor is connected with the shock wave sensor through a shock wave sensor interface. And (3) checking the water tightness performance of the valves at the shock tube water inlet, the shock tube air outlet, the shock tube water outlet and the pressure control system interface in sequence, keeping the valves at the shock tube water outlet closed after ensuring that the water tightness performance of each valve meets the requirements, opening the valves at the air outlet and the pressure control system interface and the valves at the shock tube water inlet, and injecting water into the shock tube through the shock tube water inlet until no gas is discharged from the air outlet. And valves for the water inlet and the air outlet of the shock tube are closed in sequence. And pressurizing the shock tube to the water pressure required by the experiment through the hydrostatic pressure control system, recording the hydrostatic pressure value after the pressure is stable, and closing a valve of a pressure control system interface. If the response process of the tested piece under the explosive load needs to be recorded by adopting high-speed photography, a debugged high-speed photography system is arranged at the corresponding position on the right side of the observation window, and the high-speed photography system is confirmed to be in a waiting triggering state. Filling a detonator into the priming port, and sealing by adopting anti-explosion mud; and (4) initiating explosive to perform an experiment after the personnel are far away and safety warning is given. After the experiment is finished, opening a valve of a water outlet of the shock tube, and draining water in the shock tube; the test piece is taken down, the experiment is completed, the underwater explosion experiment is realized under the laboratory condition, the test piece is not limited by a field, the explosive can be used for loading, the operation is convenient, the explosive loading is adopted, and the bubble pulsation load and other key loads of the water jet load in the underwater explosion load are realized.
The invention can achieve the following technical effects:
1. the invention can complete the test experiment of the explosion resistance in water of the ship structure material under different medium conditions, different initial hydrostatic pressure conditions and different explosive equivalent weight conditions. The device adopts real explosive explosion for loading, can form shock wave load and other underwater explosive loads such as bubble pulse load and the like, and can not realize the loads because the non-explosive underwater explosion experiment in the background technology can not adopt explosive loading.
2. The existing research shows that the shock wave formed by the explosion of the explosive in the shock tube is similar to the free field explosion in water, and when the shock wave has the same pressure amplitude at the same position, the required charging mass of the shock tube is about 5sin of the spherical charging mass of the free field2(alpha/4) times, can use smaller explosive amount to realize larger shock wave amplitude, therefore, the invention can use smaller explosive amount to realize the water explosion effect with larger explosive amount in the outdoor water pool.
3. The effect of initial hydrostatic pressure on a tested piece is rarely considered in common underwater explosion experiments, but in practical application, such as application to a submarine, the structural material of the shock tube is often in a higher hydrostatic pressure environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the general structure of the present invention along a central axis.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the charge chamber 1 of the present invention taken along the central axis, wherein fig. 2(a) is a schematic view of the charge chamber 1 not filled with the explosive 6, the detonator 7 and the explosion-proof mortar 8, and fig. 2(b) is a schematic view of the charge chamber 1 filled with the explosive 6, the detonator 7 and the explosion-proof mortar 8.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the shock tube 2 of the present invention taken along the central axis.
Fig. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of a shock wave sensor interface 22 of the present invention with shock wave sensor 9 assembled.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the seal bolt 10.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the observation tube 3 of the present invention. FIG. 6(a) is a schematic view of the test piece 5 attached to the observation tube 3; fig. 6(b) is a longitudinal sectional view of the observation tube 3.
In the figure: 1. a medicine loading cabin; 11. an external thread; 12. a first seal ring groove; 13. a medicine loading port; 14. an explosion opening; 2. a shock tube; 21. a drug compartment wall; 211. an internal thread; 212. a second seal ring groove; 22. a shock wave sensor interface; 23. a shock tube water inlet; 24. an exhaust port; 25. a first flange; 26. a shock tube water outlet; 27. a pressure control system interface; 28. a truncated cone shaped cavity; 29. a pipe body; 3. an observation tube; 31. a water inlet of the observation tube; 32. an observation window; 33. a water discharge port of the observation pipe; 34. a test piece mounting groove; 35. a second flange; 36. a cylindrical cavity; 4. a hydrostatic pressure control system; 5. a test piece; 6. an explosive; 7. a detonator; 8. explosion-proof mud; 9. a shock wave sensor; 91. a sensor lead; 10. a seal bolt; 101. sealing the bolt inner core; 102. a seal bolt outer liner; 103. an upper lead hole; 104. a lower lead hole; 105. a threaded hole; 106. the hole is sealed.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting an understanding and practicing the invention, reference should now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the underwater explosion tapered shock tube experimental device in the hydrostatic environment consists of a charging cabin 1, a shock tube 2, an observation tube 3 and a hydrostatic control system 4. The end of the invention close to the initiation point is defined as the left side, and the end close to the tested piece 5 is defined as the right side. The loading chamber 1, the shock tube 2 and the observation tube 3 are coaxially assembled from left to right in sequence (namely, the central axes are OO').
The drug loading cabin 1 is arranged at the left end of the shock tube 2; the right end of the shock tube 2 is connected with the observation tube 3 through a first flange 25 on the shock tube 2 and a second flange 35 on the observation tube 3. The test piece 5 is located between the shock tube 2 and the observation tube 3. The hydrostatic pressure control system 4 is arranged on the shock tube 2.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a charging chamber 1 according to the present invention, wherein fig. 2(a) is a schematic view of the charging chamber 1 which is not filled with explosive 6, detonator 7 and explosion-proof mud 8, and fig. 2(b) is a schematic view of the charging chamber 1 which is filled with explosive 6, detonator 7 and explosion-proof mud 8. The medicine loading cabin 1 is of a cylindrical structure and has a diameter D1Length of L1. The center shaft of the loading chamber 1 is provided with a through hole which is divided into two sections, one section at the left side is a blasting port 14 which is cylindrical and has a diameter d14For filling detonators 7 and explosion-proof mud 8, diameter d14Slightly larger than the diameter of the detonator; one section at the right side of the through hole is a medicine loading opening 13 which is in a shape of a circular truncated cone, the size of the cone angle of the circular truncated cone is alpha, and the alpha is determined according to the amplification principle of a conical shock tube and meets the requirement of 3 DEG<α<10 degrees; the diameter of the right end face of the medicine loading opening 13 is d13，d13>d14For loading with explosive 6. To meet the safety requirements of the structure, the diameter D of the charging chamber 11Satisfies D1>5d13。
A first sealing ring groove 12 is dug on the right end face of the medicine containing cabin 1, and the first sealing ring groove 12 is annular and shares a central axis OO' with the medicine containing cabin 1. The radius of the first seal ring groove 12 is r12Satisfy 1.5d13<r12<1.8d13The first seal ring groove 12 is used for placing a seal ring, and the width d of the first seal ring groove 1212Equal to the width of the sealing ring.
The outer side surface of the medicine loading cabin 1 is carved with a length l from the right end surface to the left11The drug loading cabin 1 is fixedly connected with the left end of the shock tube 2 through the external thread 11, |11Satisfies 0.5L1<l11<0.8L1。
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the shock tube 2 of the present invention. The shock tube 2 is composed of a tank wall 21, a tube body 29 and a first flange 25. The tube 29 is of cylindrical configuration and has a diameter D2Length of L2. A round table is dug at the middle shaft of the pipe body 29, so that the center of the pipe body 29Is a truncated cone-shaped cavity 28, the taper angle of the truncated cone is alpha, and the diameter of the left end surface of the truncated cone-shaped cavity 28 is d13Right end face diameter of d28，d28>d13And satisfies 100mm<d28<500 mm. To meet the strength requirements, D2Satisfies 1.2d28<D2<2d28. The length of the truncated-cone-shaped cavity 28 is L2The length of the medicine loading cabin 1 is L1Satisfy (L)1+L2)/50<L1<(L1+L2)/10. The truncated cone shaped cavity 28 is filled with an aqueous medium to form an underwater explosive environment.
A chemical tank wall 21 is formed on the left end face of the pipe body 29, the chemical tank wall 21 is of a cylindrical structure and is coaxial with the shock tube 2, and the inner diameter of the cylinder is equal to D1The thickness of the cylindrical wall is t21，t21>d13Cylinder height of h21Satisfy 0.5L1<h21<0.8L1. The tank wall 21 may be integrally formed with the pipe body 29 or welded to the left end face of the pipe body 29. The inner wall of the cartridge wall 21 is provided with an internal thread 211 for fastening with the external thread 11 of the cartridge 1.
An annular second seal ring groove 212 is dug in the left end surface of the pipe body 29, and the second seal ring groove 212 has the same shape and size as the first seal ring groove 12 and accommodates the seal ring together with the first seal ring groove 12. A first flange 25 is attached to the right end of the pipe body 29, and the first flange 25 has an inner diameter D2Outer diameter of D4Thickness t25For connection to the observation tube 3, the first flange 25 having an inner diameter D2Satisfies 1.2d28<D2<2d28Outer diameter D of the first flange 254And a thickness t25According to the regulation of GB/9119-2000 by D2And (4) determining.
The horizontal ground is taken as a reference, the direction pointing to the horizontal ground is defined to be downward, and the direction back to the horizontal ground is defined to be upward. Three upward cylindrical through holes and two downward cylindrical through holes are formed in the tube body 29 of the shock tube 2. The three upward through holes are respectively a shock wave sensor interface 22, a shock wave tube water inlet 23 and an exhaust port 24 from left to right; two through holes facing downward from the leftTo the right are a pressure control system interface 27 and a shock tube drain 26, respectively. The distances from the axial lines of the shock wave sensor interface 22, the shock wave tube water inlet 23, the exhaust port 24, the shock wave tube water outlet 26 and the pressure control system interface 27 to the right end face of the tube body 29 are respectively l22、l23、l24、l26And l27The diameters of the shock wave sensor interface 22, the shock wave tube water inlet 23, the exhaust port 24, the shock wave tube water outlet 26 and the pressure control system interface 27 are d22、d23、d24、d26And d27. In order to reduce the influence of the 5 cylindrical through holes on the propagation of shock waves and ensure the efficiency of water inlet, air exhaust and water drainage, the diameters of the shock tube water inlet 23, the shock tube water outlet 26 and the air exhaust 24 meet 8mm<d23，d24，d26<16 mm; distance l from exhaust port 24 to right end surface of pipe 2924Satisfy t25+0.5d24<l24<t25+0.5d24+10 mm; distance l from shock tube water outlet 26 to right end face of tube 2926Satisfy t25+0.5d26<l26<t25+0.5d26+10 mm; distance l from water inlet 23 of shock tube to right end face of tube body 2923There is no particular requirement. Diameter d of shockwave sensor interface 2222The diameter of the shock wave sensor 9 is required to be slightly larger than that of the connected shock wave sensor; to facilitate the identification of the incident and reflected shock waves, the shock wave sensor interface 22 is spaced from the right end face of the tube 29 by a distance l22Satisfy l22>100 mm. Diameter d of pressure control system port 2727Matching the diameter of the pressure outlet pipe of the hydrostatic control system 4, typically d 276 mm; distance l from pressure control system port 27 to right end face of tube 2927There is no particular requirement.
The shock tube water inlet 23, the exhaust port 24, the shock tube water outlet 26 and the pressure control system interface 27 are all provided with valves with pressure resistance not less than 10MPa, and the valves are opened when in use and closed when not in use.
In order to ensure the pressure-resistant watertight characteristic of the shock wave sensor interface 22, sealing glue can be adopted for packaging; to be made toThe shock wave sensor 9 can be assembled and disassembled, the pressure-resistant watertight property of the shock wave sensor interface 22 can be ensured, and the shock wave sensor interface 22 can be packaged by adopting the sealing bolt 10. Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a shockwave sensor interface 22 with a shockwave sensor 9 assembled, and fig. 5 is a schematic view of a sealing bolt 10. The seal bolt 10 is composed of a seal bolt inner core 101 and a seal bolt outer liner 102. The sealing bolt inner core 101 is a bolt structure with two sections of cylindrical holes dug at the axis, one section of the hole at the upper end is an upper lead hole 103, and the diameter d of the upper lead hole 103 is used for ensuring that the lead 91 of the sensor 9 passes through103Larger than the diameter of the lead 91 of the shock wave sensor 9; a section of the hole at the lower end is a sealing hole 106 with the diameter d106Satisfy d103<d106. The stud diameter of the sealing bolt inner core 101 is d101. The sealing bolt outer lining 102 is a bolt structure with a threaded hole 105 dug at the axis, and the diameter of the stud of the sealing bolt outer lining 102 is d102Satisfy d102＝d22(ii) a Diameter d of threaded hole 105105＝d101The lower end of the threaded hole 105 is in the shape of a truncated cone, the lower end of the truncated cone is provided with a down-lead hole 104, and the diameter d of the down-lead hole 104 is used for ensuring that the lead 91 of the shock wave sensor 9 passes through104Larger than the diameter of the lead 91 of the shock wave sensor 9. When the shock wave sensor interface 22 is packaged by the sealing bolt 10, the lead 91 of the shock wave sensor 9 firstly passes through the lower lead hole 104 and the upper lead hole 103 of the sealing bolt 10 from bottom to top, after the length of the lead 91 is adjusted, the explosion-proof mud 8 is filled in the sealing hole 106 of the sealing bolt, the sealing bolt inner core 101 is completely screwed into the sealing bolt outer lining 102, finally, the shock wave sensor 9 is placed into the shock wave sensor interface 22, and the sealing bolt 10 is screwed into the shock wave sensor interface 22.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the observation tube 3 of the present invention. FIG. 6(a) is a schematic view of the test piece 5 attached to the observation tube 3; fig. 6(b) is a longitudinal sectional view of the observation tube 3. As shown in fig. 6(b), the observation tube 3 has a cylindrical structure with one open end and one closed end, and the outer diameter of the cylinder is D2Inner diameter ═ d28The length of the cylinder being L3L is required not to hinder the deformation of the test piece 53>0.5D2. The left end face of the observation tube 3 is open, the right end face is closed, and the thickness of the closed end is t32Satisfy t32>6 mm. The left end face of the observation tube 3 is dug with a test piece mounting groove 34, and the tested piece 5 is mounted in the test piece mounting groove 34. The specimen mounting groove 34 has a diameter d34Satisfy 1.1d28<d34<1.2d28Depth of t34Satisfy d28/100<t34<6d28/100. As shown in fig. 6(a), d is the diameter of the test piece 5, t is the thickness of the test piece 5, and d-d is required34And t is greater than or equal to t34. As shown in fig. 6(b), after the test piece 5 is mounted in the test piece mounting groove 34 of the observation tube 3, the left end surface is closed, and a cylindrical cavity 36 is formed between the left end surface and the right end surface of the observation tube 3, and may be filled with water medium or air according to different experimental requirements.
A second flange 35 is mounted at the left end of the observation tube 3, and the inner diameter of the second flange 35 is D2Outer diameter ═ D4For connection to the first flange 25. The right end face of the observation tube 3 is embedded with a diameter d32The observation window 32 is made of organic glass and can be connected with the observation tube 3 in a sealing adhesive mode. Two cylindrical through holes are formed in the side wall of the observation tube 3, one is an upward observation tube water inlet 31 and the other is a downward observation tube water discharge port 33, and the distances between the axial lines of the observation tube water inlet 31 and the observation tube water discharge port 33 and the right end face of the observation tube 3 are respectively l31And l33Diameter d of the observation tube water inlet 31 and the observation tube water discharge port 3331And d33. To ensure the efficiency of water inflow and drainage, the diameters of the water inlet 31 and the water outlet 33 of the observation pipe satisfy 8mm<d31，d33<10 mm; the distance l from the observation pipe water inlet 31 and the observation pipe water outlet 33 to the right end surface of the observation pipe 331And l33There is no particular requirement.
The pressure control range of the hydrostatic pressure control system 4 adopted by the invention is 0 to 10MPa, and the control precision is 0.01 MPa. The hydrostatic pressure control system 4 is communicated with a truncated cone-shaped cavity 28 inside the shock tube 2 through a pressure control system interface 27 on the shock tube 2.
By adopting the embodiment, research works such as underwater explosion resistance performance test experiments of the naval vessel structural material under different plate back medium conditions, different initial hydrostatic pressure conditions and different explosive equivalent weight conditions can be completed in a laboratory environment, and the method has the characteristics of short experiment period, simplicity in operation and the like.
Claims (13)
1. An underwater explosion conical shock tube experimental device in a hydrostatic environment is characterized by consisting of a loading cabin (1), a shock tube (2), an observation tube (3) and a hydrostatic control system (4); defining one end of an underwater explosion conical shock tube experimental device in a hydrostatic pressure environment, which is close to an initiation point, as a left side, and one end, which is close to a tested piece (5), as a right side; the drug loading cabin (1), the shock tube (2) and the observation tube (3) are coaxially assembled from left to right in sequence, and the central axis is OO';
the drug loading cabin (1) is installed at the left end of the shock tube (2), the right end of the shock tube (2) is connected with the observation tube (3) through a flange, the tested piece (5) is located between the shock tube (2) and the observation tube (3), and the hydrostatic pressure control system (4) is installed on the shock tube (2);
the medicine loading cabin (1) is of a cylindrical structure and has a diameter D1Length of L1(ii) a A through hole is arranged at the middle shaft of the explosive loading cabin (1), the through hole is divided into two sections, one section at the left side is an explosion opening (14) which is cylindrical and has the diameter d14For filling detonators (7) and explosion-proof mud (8) of diameter d14Slightly larger than the diameter of the detonator; a section on the right side of the through hole is a medicine loading opening (13) which is in a circular truncated cone shape, the size of the cone angle of the circular truncated cone is alpha, and the alpha is determined according to the amplification principle of the conical shock tube; the diameter of the right end face of the medicine loading opening (13) is d13，d13>d14For loading an explosive charge (6); diameter D of the loading chamber (1)1Satisfies D1>5d13(ii) a The length L of the medicine-loading cabin (1)1Satisfy (L)1+L2)/50<L1<(L1+L2)/10；
A first sealing ring groove (12) is dug in the right end face of the medicine charging cabin (1), and the first sealing ring groove (12) is annular and shares a central axis OO' with the medicine charging cabin (1); the radius of the first seal ring groove (12) is r12Satisfy 1.5d13<r12<1.8d13The first sealing ring groove (12) is used for placing a sealing ring;
the outer side surface of the medicine loading cabin (1) is carved with a length l from the right end surface to the left11The explosive charging cabin (1) is fixedly connected with the left end of the shock tube (2) through the external thread (11); the length l of the external thread (11) of the loading chamber (1)11Satisfies 0.5L1<l11<0.8L1；
The shock tube (2) consists of a drug cabin wall (21), a tube body (29) and a first flange (25); the pipe body (29) is of a cylindrical structure and has a diameter D2Length of L2(ii) a A truncated cone is dug at the middle shaft of the pipe body (29), so that the center of the pipe body (29) is a truncated cone-shaped cavity (28), the taper angle of the truncated cone is alpha, and the diameter of the left end face of the truncated cone-shaped cavity (28) is d13Right end face diameter of d28，d28>d13；D2Satisfies 1.2d28<D2<2d28(ii) a The length of the truncated cone-shaped cavity (28) is L2(ii) a The truncated cone-shaped cavity (28) is filled with an aqueous medium to form an underwater explosion environment;
a drug cabin wall (21) is processed on the left end face of the pipe body (29), the drug cabin wall (21) is of a cylindrical structure and is coaxial with the shock tube (2), and the inner diameter of the cylinder is D1The thickness of the cylindrical wall is t21Cylinder height of h21(ii) a The explosive chamber wall (21) and the pipe body (29) are integrally processed or welded on the left end face of the pipe body (29); the inner wall of the medicine cabin wall (21) is carved with internal threads (211) which are used for being tightly connected with the external threads (11) of the medicine loading cabin (1); the cylindrical wall thickness t of the cartridge wall (21)21Satisfy t21>d13Height of cylinder h21Satisfies 0.5L1<h21<0.8L1；
An annular second sealing ring groove (212) is dug in the left end face of the pipe body (29), the shape and the size of the second sealing ring groove (212) are completely the same as those of the first sealing ring groove (12), and the second sealing ring groove and the first sealing ring groove (12) accommodate a sealing ring; a first flange (25) is mounted at the right end of the pipe body (29), and the inner diameter of the first flange (25) is equal to D2Outer diameter of D4Thickness t25For connection to the observation tube (3);
defining the direction pointing to the horizontal ground as downward and the direction back to the horizontal ground as upward by taking the horizontal ground as a reference; three upward cylindrical through holes and two downward cylindrical through holes are formed in a tube body (29) of the shock tube (2); the three upward through holes are respectively a shock wave sensor interface (22), a shock wave tube water inlet (23) and an exhaust port (24) from left to right; the two through holes which face downwards are a pressure control system interface (27) and a shock tube water outlet (26) from left to right; the distances from the axial line of the shock wave sensor interface (22), the shock wave tube water inlet (23), the exhaust port (24), the shock wave tube water outlet (26) and the pressure control system interface (27) to the right end face of the tube body (29) are respectively l22、l23、l24、l26And l27The diameters of the shock wave sensor interface (22), the shock wave tube water inlet (23), the air outlet (24), the shock wave tube water outlet (26) and the pressure control system interface (27) are d respectively22、d23、d24、d26And d27(ii) a The distance l from the exhaust port (24) to the right end face of the pipe body (29)24(ii) a The distance from the shock tube water outlet (26) to the right end face of the tube body (29) is l26(ii) a Diameter d of shock wave sensor interface (22)22The diameter of the shock wave sensor (9) is required to be larger than that of the connected shock wave sensor; the distance from the shock wave sensor interface (22) to the right end face of the pipe body (29) is l22(ii) a The distance l from the shock wave sensor interface (22) to the right end face of the pipe body (29)22Satisfy l22>100 mm; diameter d of the pressure control system connection (27)27The diameter of the pressure output pipe is matched with that of the hydrostatic pressure control system (4);
the shock tube water inlet (23), the exhaust port (24), the shock tube water outlet (26) and the pressure control system interface (27) are all provided with valves, and each valve is opened when in use and closed when not in use;
the observation tube (3) is a cylindrical structure with one open end and one closed end, and the outer diameter of the cylinder is D2Inner diameter ═ d28The length of the cylinder being L3(ii) a The left end face of the observation tube (3) is open, the right end face is closed, and the thickness of the closed end is t32(ii) a A test piece mounting groove (34) is dug in the left end face of the observation tube (3), and a tested piece (5) is mounted in the test piece mounting groove (34); test piece mounting groove (34) Has a diameter of d34Depth of t34After the tested piece (5) is installed in the test piece installation groove (34) of the observation tube (3), the left end face is sealed, a cylindrical cavity (36) is formed between the left end face and the right end face of the observation tube (3), and the cylindrical cavity (36) is filled with water medium or air according to different experimental requirements;
a second flange (35) is installed at the left end of the observation tube (3), and the inner diameter of the second flange (35) is D2Outer diameter ═ D4For connection to a first flange (25); the right end face of the observation tube (3) is embedded with a diameter d32The observation window (32) is made of organic glass and is connected with the observation tube (3) in a sealing glue bonding mode; the side wall of the observation tube (3) is provided with two cylindrical through holes, one is an upward observation tube water inlet (31) and the other is a downward observation tube water outlet (33);
the hydrostatic pressure control system (4) is communicated with a circular truncated cone-shaped cavity (28) in the shock tube (2) through a pressure control system interface (27) on the shock tube (2).
2. The experimental device for the underwater explosion cone shock tube in the hydrostatic environment according to claim 1, wherein the size α of the cone angle of the circular truncated cone of the loading port (13) of the loading chamber (1) satisfies 3 °<α<10 degrees; radius r of a first sealing ring groove (12) of the medicine loading cabin (1)12Satisfies 1.5d13<r12<1.8d13Width d of the first seal ring groove (12)12Equal to the width of the sealing ring.
3. The experimental device for the underwater explosion conical shock tube in the hydrostatic environment according to claim 1, wherein the diameter d of the right end face of the truncated cone-shaped cavity (28) of the shock tube (2)28Satisfy 100mm<d28<500 mm; diameter D of pipe body (29)2Satisfies 1.2d28<D2<2d28。
4. The experimental device for the underwater explosion cone shock tube in the hydrostatic environment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first flange (25) is internally provided withDiameter D2Satisfies 1.2d28<D2<2d28The outer diameter D of the first flange (25)4And a thickness t25According to the regulation of GB/9119-2000 by D2And (4) determining.
5. The experimental device for the underwater explosion conical shock tube in the hydrostatic environment according to claim 1, wherein the diameters of the shock tube water inlet (23), the shock tube water outlet (26) and the shock tube air outlet (24) meet 8mm<d23，d24，d26<16 mm; the distance l from the exhaust port (24) to the right end face of the pipe body (29)24Satisfy t25+0.5d24<l24<t25+0.5d24+10 mm; the distance l from the water outlet (26) of the shock tube to the right end face of the tube body (29)26Satisfy t25+0.5d26<l26<t25+0.5d26+10 mm; diameter d of the pressure control system connection (27)27＝6mm。
6. The experimental apparatus for the underwater explosion cone shock tube in the hydrostatic environment of claim 1, wherein the pressure resistance of the valve is not less than 10 MPa.
7. The experimental device for the underwater explosion conical shock tube in the hydrostatic environment according to claim 1, wherein the shock wave sensor interface (22) is encapsulated by sealing glue.
8. The experimental device for the underwater explosion conical shock tube in the hydrostatic environment according to claim 1, wherein the shock wave sensor interface (22) is encapsulated by a sealing bolt (10); the sealing bolt (10) consists of a sealing bolt inner core (101) and a sealing bolt outer liner (102); the sealing bolt inner core (101) is a bolt structure with two sections of cylindrical holes dug at the axis, one section of the hole at the upper end is an upper lead hole (103), and the diameter d of the upper lead hole (103)103Is larger than the diameter of a lead wire (91) of the shock wave sensor (9); one section of the hole at the lower end is a sealing hole (106) with the diameter d106Satisfy d103<d106(ii) a The stud diameter of the sealing bolt inner core (101) is d101(ii) a The sealing bolt outer lining (102) is in a bolt structure with a threaded hole (105) dug at the axis, and the diameter of a stud of the sealing bolt outer lining (102) is d102Satisfy d102＝d22(ii) a Diameter d of the threaded hole (105)105＝d101The lower end of the threaded hole (105) is in a circular truncated cone shape, the lower end of the circular truncated cone is provided with a lower lead hole (104), and the diameter d of the lower lead hole (104)104Is larger than the diameter of the lead wire (91) of the shock wave sensor (9).
9. The device for testing the underwater explosion conical shock tube in the hydrostatic environment according to claim 8, wherein when the shock wave sensor interface (22) is packaged by using the sealing bolt (10), the lead (91) of the shock wave sensor (9) penetrates through the lower lead hole (104) and the upper lead hole (103) of the sealing bolt (10) from bottom to top, after the length of the lead (91) is adjusted, the explosion-proof mud (8) is filled in the sealing hole (106) of the sealing bolt, the inner core (101) of the sealing bolt is completely screwed into the outer lining (102) of the sealing bolt, and finally the shock wave sensor (9) is placed into the shock wave sensor interface (22), and the sealing bolt (10) is screwed into the shock wave sensor interface (22).
10. The experimental device for underwater explosion cone shock tube in hydrostatic environment as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the length L of the observation tube (3)3Satisfy L3>0.5D2(ii) a Thickness t of closed end of observation tube (3)32Satisfy t32>6 mm; the diameter of the test piece mounting groove (34) of the observation tube (3) is d34Satisfies 1.1d28<d34<1.2d28Depth t of34Satisfy d28/100<t34<6d28100; d is the diameter of the tested piece (5), t is the thickness of the tested piece (5), and d is required to be d34And t is greater than or equal to t34。
11. The experimental device for the underwater explosion conical shock tube in the hydrostatic environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the observation tubeThe diameter d of the water inlet (31) and the observation tube drainage opening (33)31And d33Satisfy 8mm<d31，d33<10mm。
12. The experimental device for the underwater explosion conical shock tube in the hydrostatic environment according to claim 1, wherein the pressure control range of the hydrostatic control system (4) is 0 to 10MPa, and the control precision is 0.01 MPa.
13. The underwater explosion conical shock tube experimental device in the hydrostatic environment according to claim 1, wherein the material of the loading chamber (1), the shock tube (2) and the observation tube (3) is metal, and the material satisfies density ρ1>7g/cm3Yield strength σ1>400MPa。
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