CN114674481B - Passive measuring device and measuring method for impulse of free field shock wave in water - Google Patents
Passive measuring device and measuring method for impulse of free field shock wave in water Download PDFInfo
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- CN114674481B CN114674481B CN202210318364.9A CN202210318364A CN114674481B CN 114674481 B CN114674481 B CN 114674481B CN 202210318364 A CN202210318364 A CN 202210318364A CN 114674481 B CN114674481 B CN 114674481B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000251729 Elasmobranchii Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/14—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring the force of explosions; for measuring the energy of projectiles
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Abstract
The invention discloses a passive measuring device and a measuring method for impulse of free field shock waves in water, and aims to solve the problems that the measuring device is difficult to arrange and is not repeatable, and electromagnetic interference exists in the measuring method. The measuring device consists of a conical head, an incidence pipe, one-way valves and a ball valve, wherein the conical head, the incidence pipe and the ball valve are coaxially assembled, and the two one-way valves are symmetrically assembled on the side wall of the incidence pipe; the second cylinder at the right end of the conical head is screwed to the left end of the incidence pipe, and the left end of the ball valve is screwed to the right end of the incidence pipe. Firstly, calibrating a measuring device, and establishing an impulse conversion equation; and then, measuring impulse of the underwater free field shock wave by using a calibrated measuring device to obtain the mass of water in the incident tube, and taking the mass into an impulse conversion equation to obtain specific impulse i. The measuring device does not need external power supply, has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, simple arrangement, no electromagnetic interference, no parasitic output, high measuring precision, easier interpretation of results and better repeatability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to impulse measuring devices and measuring methods, and particularly relates to a passive test device and a passive test method for impulse of free field shock waves in water.
Background
In the offshore operation, the shock waves generated when underwater weapons such as torpedoes, mines, deepwater bombs and the like explode are important factors causing the damage of ships, so that the effective evaluation of the power of the explosion shock waves has important practical significance for the design of the underwater weapons, the defense of the ships and the like.
Impulse is an important parameter reflecting the destructive power of the shock wave. The high overpressure peak value of the shock wave generated by explosion has short action time, and the detonation product with high temperature and high pressure brings serious challenges to the measurement of impulse of the shock wave. Currently, methods such as piezoelectric sensors, hopkinson pressure bars, equivalent targets and the like are mainly used for measuring the impulse of underwater shock waves. The piezoelectric sensor converts the shock wave pressure into an electric signal by utilizing the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric crystal, and obtains specific impulse by time integration of the shock wave pressure, so that the piezoelectric sensor is the most common means for measuring the impulse of the underwater shock wave. However, due to the strong electromagnetic field generated by the underwater explosion, electromagnetic interference signals are superimposed on the real signals, which makes the data processing difficult. In addition, the problems of large difficulty in arrangement of experimental equipment, high experimental cost, limited range and the like exist in large-scale offshore explosion experiments. The method for measuring the pressure of the shock wave based on the Hopkinson technology has a measuring range far larger than that of a traditional piezoelectric sensor while ensuring the measuring precision, but the problems of parasitic output, large layout difficulty and the like still need to be solved.
The equivalent target plate belongs to a passive measurement method, obtains impulse of explosion shock waves according to deformation degree of a metal diaphragm after explosion load, does not need external power supply, has a simple structure, is not interfered by electromagnetic interference, and can work in a complex explosion experiment environment. However, in the practical experiment, the deformation result of the target plate is complex due to insufficient constraint, and the deformation result is greatly different from the ideal condition, so that the deformation degree of the target plate is difficult to quantitatively evaluate, and a large experimental error is caused.
In conclusion, in the aspect of underwater explosion shock wave impulse measurement, the passive measurement method has the advantages of low cost of a measurement device, small measurement difficulty, no electromagnetic interference and the like compared with the measurement method based on an electrical measurement sensor. However, the conventional passive measuring device still has the problems of difficult arrangement and unrepeatable use, and the measuring method has the defects of complex operation, larger error and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of providing the passive measuring and sensing device and the measuring method for the impulse of the free field shock wave in water based on the one-way valve, which solve the problems of difficult and unrepeatable arrangement of the existing measuring device and electromagnetic interference of the measuring method, and have the characteristics of low cost, simple operation, good repeatability, high measuring precision and the like, and can be used for high-efficiency and accurate assessment of the power of the shock wave in a large complex explosion environment.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
The invention relates to a passive measuring device for impulse of free field shock wave in water based on a one-way valve, which is cylindrical in shape and comprises a conical head, an incident pipe, the one-way valve and a ball valve. The end of the cone head close to the explosion point is defined as the left end of the invention, and the end far away from the explosion point is defined as the right end of the invention. The cone head, the incidence pipe and the ball valve are coaxially assembled from left to right, the two one-way valves are symmetrically assembled on the side wall of the incidence pipe, and when the cone head, the incidence pipe and the ball valve are assembled, attention is paid to fastening and sealing.
The check valve adopts an embedded check valve (such as DN 10.0A type check valve produced by Ji Site), is integrally cylindrical, is sleeved with a sealing ring, and has a starting pressure of P 1, and P1 is more than or equal to 1KPa and less than or equal to 100KPa. The length of the one-way valve is l 1,5mm≤l1 -50 mm, and the diameter of the one-way valve is d 1,2mm≤d1 -50 mm. The 2 check valves are respectively embedded in the two through holes of the side wall of the incidence pipe, the water inlet end of the check valve faces the outer side wall of the incidence pipe, and the water outlet end faces the inner side wall of the incidence pipe;
The incident tube is made of hard metal, and the yield strength sigma 1 is more than 100MPa; the incident tube is a cylinder with the outer diameter of d 21,2l1+5mm≤d21≤2l1 +50mm, the inner diameter of d 22,d22＝d21-2l1 and the length of L 2,2d21≤L2≤10d21. The left end of the incidence pipe is carved with a first internal threaded hole along the axis, the internal diameter d 23 meets d 21-30mm≤d23≤d21 -10mm, and the length l 21 meets l 21 which is more than or equal to 10mm and less than or equal to 30mm. The right end of the incidence pipe is carved with a second internal thread hole along the axis, the internal diameter d 24 meets d 24＝d23, and the length l 22 meets l 22＝l21. The side wall of the incidence pipe is provided with two through holes, the two through holes are identical in shape, the diameter is d 24,d24＝d1, and the length is l 23,l23＝l1. The two through holes are symmetrical about the central axis of the incident tube, and the distance between the center of the through hole and the left end face of the incident tube is l 24,1/3L2≤l24≤2/3L2. The two one-way valves are respectively embedded into the two through holes of the incidence pipe, one water inlet end faces the outer side of the incidence pipe, and one water outlet end faces the inner side of the incidence pipe.
The cone head material is hard metal, and the yield strength sigma 2 is more than 100MPa; the conical head consists of a cone, a first cylinder and a second cylinder, the diameter of the bottom surface of the cone is d 31,d31＝d21, and the height of the cone is l 31,(d31cot15°)/2≤l31≤(d31cot45°)/2. The diameter of the bottom surface of the first cylinder is d 32,d32＝d31, and the length of the first cylinder is l 32,1cm≤l32 which is less than or equal to 3cm. The second cylindrical bottom surface has a diameter d 33,d33＝d23 and a length l 33,l33＝l21. The outer side of the second cylinder is carved with a first external thread. The outside of the second cylinder is wound with a raw material belt and then screwed to the left end of the incident tube.
The ball valve is made of hard metal, and the yield strength sigma 3 is more than 100MPa; the ball valve adopts a manual ball valve (such as a manual flange ball valve produced by Kate corporation), the left end interface and the right end interface of the ball valve are both provided with external threads, the diameter of the second external thread in the left end interface is d 41,d41＝d24, and the diameter of the third external thread in the right end interface is d 42,d42＝d41. The left end of the ball valve is wound with a raw material belt and then screwed to the right end of the incident tube.
The method for measuring the impulse of the free field shock wave of the underwater explosion by adopting the passive measuring device of the impulse of the free field shock wave of the underwater explosion based on the one-way valve comprises the following steps:
The method comprises the steps of firstly, calibrating a passive measuring device of the impulse of the free field shock wave in water based on a one-way valve by adopting a free field underwater pressure sensor with a known dynamic sensitivity coefficient, namely, establishing an impulse conversion equation of the passive measuring device of the impulse of the free field shock wave in water based on the one-way valve. The method comprises the following steps:
1.1 let the experiment times n=1, let the total experiment times be N, N is a positive integer, N is not less than 10. Initializing a proportional distance k n＝1m/kg3 of the cone head from the explosion center; the proportional distance between the cone head and the explosion center refers to the ratio of the distance between the cone head and the explosion center to the cube root of the explosive quantity;
1.2, the underwater free field impulse passive measuring device based on the one-way valve and the free field underwater pressure sensor are simultaneously placed in water, so that the explosion point is ensured to be positioned on the left end extension line of the central shaft of the underwater free field impulse passive measuring device based on the one-way valve, and the proportional distance between the free field underwater pressure sensor and the explosion center and the proportional distance between the cone head in the underwater free field impulse passive measuring device and the explosion center are both k n.
1.3 Measuring the mass of water in an incidence pipe in the passive measuring device of free field impulse of shock wave in water based on a one-way valve at a proportional distance k n to obtain the mass m n of water in the incidence pipe corresponding to k n, and measuring the impulse of shock wave ratio at the explosion distance based on a free field underwater pressure sensor to obtain the impulse i n of shock wave ratio corresponding to k n.
1.4 If N is less than or equal to N, let n=n+1, let k n＝(0.1n+0.9)k1 turn 1.2; if N > N, turn 1.5.
1.5, Drawing N groups of data points (m 1,i1),…,(mn,in),…,(mN,iN) consisting of the mass of water and the impulse of the shock wave ratio in a rectangular coordinate system, observing the distribution of the data points, if the data points are in a linear relation, performing linear fitting, otherwise, performing high-order polynomial fitting to obtain an impulse conversion equation of the passive measuring device for the impulse of the shock wave of the free field in water, wherein the equation is i=f (m), i is the specific impulse, and m is the mass of the water in an incident tube.
Secondly, measuring the impulse of the underwater free field shock wave by adopting a calibrated passive measuring device for the impulse of the underwater free field shock wave, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
2.1 designing a bracket for integrally fixing the measuring device in the water tank, wherein the bracket is an elongated rod, alloy steel is adopted as a material, and the diameter and the length of the bracket are determined according to specific experimental conditions; the lower end of the bracket is fixed on the bottom of the water tank or the heavier support.
2.2 Connecting the right end of the ball valve to a vacuum pump, opening the ball valve, closing the ball valve when the vacuum pump displays that the vacuum degree is equal to-P 1 +1KPa, then closing the vacuum pump, and disconnecting the vacuum pump from the right end of the ball valve;
2.2, the whole of the passive measuring device for the impulse of the free field in water based on the one-way valve is firmly fixed on a bracket in the water tank, so that the explosion point is ensured to be positioned on the left end extension line of the central shaft of the passive measuring device for the impulse of the free field in water based on the one-way valve;
2.3 when the shock wave generated by the explosion of the explosive under water passes through the one-way valve arranged on the wall of the incidence pipe, the pressure in water is larger than the opening pressure of the one-way valve 1, and the water around the incidence pipe flows into the incidence pipe from the side wall of the incidence pipe through the one-way valve;
2.4 after the explosion is finished, taking the passive measuring device for the impulse of the free field shock wave in water out of the water tank, opening the ball valve, pouring the water in the incidence pipe into the measuring cylinder, and measuring to obtain the mass m of the water in the incidence pipe.
And 2.5, bringing m obtained in the step 2.4 into i=f (m) to obtain the specific impulse i of the underwater explosion free field shock wave, and finishing measurement.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The measuring device does not need external power supply, has a simple structure and low cost, is simple to arrange in experimental tests, cannot be subjected to electromagnetic interference, and has no parasitic output.
2. Compared with other passive test methods, the method has the advantages that the water quality is easy to measure, so that the experimental result is easier to interpret and the repeatability is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the general structure of a passive measuring device for impulse of free field shock waves in water;
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional schematic of the cone head of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the passive measuring device for the impulse of the free field shock wave in water based on the one-way valve is cylindrical in whole and consists of a conical head 3, an incidence pipe 2,2 one-way valves 1 and a ball valve 4. The end of the cone head 3 close to the explosion point is defined as the left end of the invention, and the end far away from the explosion point is defined as the right end of the invention. The cone head 3, the incidence pipe 2 and the ball valve 4 are coaxially assembled from left to right, the 2 one-way valves 1 are embedded into through holes on the side wall of the incidence pipe 2, the water inlet end of the one-way valve 1 faces the outer side of the incidence pipe, and the water outlet end faces the inner side of the incidence pipe. When the check valve 1 is assembled with the incidence pipe 2, the conical head 3, the incidence pipe 2 and the ball valve 4, the incidence pipe 2, the fastening and sealing are needed to be paid attention.
The check valve 1 is an embedded check valve (such as a check valve of DN 10.0A model produced by Ji Site), is integrally cylindrical, and is sleeved with a sealing ring on the outer side wall, and the opening pressure is P 1,1KPa≤P1 less than or equal to 100KPa. The length l 1,5mm≤l1 is less than or equal to 50mm, and the diameter d 1,2mm≤d1 is less than or equal to 50mm. The 2 one-way valves 1 are respectively embedded in two through holes on the side wall of the incidence pipe 2, one water inlet end faces the outer side of the incidence pipe, and one water outlet end faces the inner side of the incidence pipe. .
The incident tube 2 is made of hard metal, and the yield strength sigma 1 is more than 100MPa; the incident tube 2 is a cylinder, has an outer diameter of d 21,2l1+5mm≤d21≤2l1 +50mm, an inner diameter of d 22,d22＝d21-2l1, and a length of L 2,2d21≤L2≤10d21. The left end face (namely the annular plane of the left end) of the incidence pipe 2 is carved with a first internal threaded hole 21 along the axial direction, the first internal threaded hole 21 is used for connecting the incidence pipe 2 with the conical head 3, the internal diameter d 23 of the first internal threaded hole 21 meets d 21-30mm≤d23≤d21 -10mm, and the length l 21 of the first internal threaded hole 21 meets l 21 which is more than or equal to 10mm and less than or equal to 30mm. The right end face (namely the annular plane of the right end) of the incidence pipe 2 is axially carved with a second internal threaded hole 22, the second internal threaded hole 22 is used for connecting the incidence pipe 2 with the ball valve 4, the internal diameter d 24 of the second internal threaded hole 22 meets d 24＝d41, and the length l 22 meets l 22＝l21. Two through holes are dug on the side wall of the incidence pipe 2, and the diameter of the two through holes 23 is equal to d 1. The positions of the two through holes are symmetrical about the central axis of the incidence tube 2, and the distance between the center of each through hole and the left end face of the incidence tube 2 is L 23, so that 1/3L 2≤l23≤2/3L2 is satisfied. The two through holes are used for embedding 2 one-way valves 1, and 1 one-way valve 1 is embedded in 1 through hole.
The material of the cone head 3 is hard metal, and the yield strength sigma 2 is more than 100MPa; the conical head 3 consists of a cone 31, a first cylinder 32 and a second cylinder 33, the diameter of the bottom surface of the cone 31 is d 31,d31＝d21, and the height of the cone 31 is l 31,(d31cot15°)/2≤l31≤(d31cot45°)/2. The diameter of the bottom surface of the first cylinder 32 is d 32,d32＝d31, and the length is l 32,1cm≤l32 which is less than or equal to 3cm. The second cylinder 33 has a bottom diameter d 33,d33＝d23 and a length l 33,l33＝l21. The outer side wall of the second cylinder 33 is engraved with a first external thread. The second cylinder 33 is wound with a green tape on the outer side and then screwed into the first internally threaded hole 21 at the left end of the inlet pipe 2.
The ball valve 4 is made of hard metal, and the yield strength sigma 3 is more than 100MPa; the ball valve 4 adopts a manual ball valve (such as a manual flange ball valve produced by Kate corporation), the left end interface and the right end interface of the ball valve 4 are both provided with external threads, the diameter of the second external thread in the left end interface is d 41,d22<d41<d21, and the diameter of the third external thread in the right end interface is d 42,d42＝d41. The left end of the ball valve 4 is wound with a raw material belt and then screwed into a second internal threaded hole 22 at the right end of the incidence pipe 2.
The method for measuring the free field shock wave impulse of the underwater explosion by adopting the passive measuring device for the free field shock wave impulse of the underwater explosion based on the check valve shown in the figure 1 comprises the following steps:
The method comprises the steps of firstly, calibrating a passive measuring device of the impulse of the free field shock wave in water based on a one-way valve by adopting a free field underwater pressure sensor with a known dynamic sensitivity coefficient, namely, establishing an impulse conversion equation of the passive measuring device of the impulse of the free field shock wave in water based on the one-way valve. The method comprises the following steps:
1.1 let the experiment times n=1, let the total experiment times be N, N is a positive integer, N is not less than 10. Initializing a proportional distance k n＝1m/kg3 between the cone head 3 and the explosion center;
1.2, the underwater free field impulse passive measuring device based on the one-way valve and the free field underwater pressure sensor are simultaneously placed in water, so that the explosion point is ensured to be positioned on the left end extension line of the central shaft of the underwater free field impulse passive measuring device based on the one-way valve, and the proportional distance between the free field underwater pressure sensor and the explosion center and the proportional distance between the cone head 3 in the underwater free field impulse passive measuring device and the explosion center are both k n.
1.3 Measuring the mass of water in the incidence pipe 2 in the passive measuring device of free field impulse of water based on the one-way valve at the proportional distance k n to obtain the mass m n of water in the incidence pipe 2 corresponding to k n, and measuring the impulse of impulse ratio at the explosion distance based on the free field underwater pressure sensor to obtain the impulse of impulse ratio i n corresponding to k n.
1.4 If N is less than or equal to N, let n=n+1, let k n＝(0.1n+0.9)k1 turn 1.2; if N > N, turn 1.5.
1.5, Drawing N groups of data points (m 1,i1),…,(mn,in),…,(mN,iN) consisting of the mass of water and the impulse of the shock wave ratio in a rectangular coordinate system, observing the distribution of the data points, if the data points are in a linear relation, performing linear fitting, otherwise, performing high-order polynomial fitting to obtain an impulse conversion equation of the passive measuring device for the impulse of the shock wave of the free field in water, wherein the equation is i=f (m), i is the specific impulse, and m is the mass of water in the incidence tube 2.
Secondly, measuring the impulse of the underwater free field shock wave by adopting a calibrated passive measuring device for the impulse of the underwater free field shock wave, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
2.1 designing a bracket for integrally fixing the measuring device in the water tank, wherein the bracket is an elongated rod, alloy steel is adopted as a material, and the diameter and the length of the bracket are determined according to specific experimental conditions; the lower end of the bracket is fixed on the bottom of the water tank or the heavier support.
2.2 Connecting the right end of the ball valve 4 on a vacuum pump, opening the ball valve 4, closing the ball valve 4 when the vacuum pump shows that the vacuum degree is equal to-P 1 +1KPa, then closing the vacuum pump, and disconnecting the vacuum pump from the right end of the ball valve 4;
2.2, the whole of the passive measuring device for the impulse of the free field in water based on the one-way valve is firmly fixed on a bracket in the water tank, so that the explosion point is ensured to be positioned on the left end extension line of the central shaft of the passive measuring device for the impulse of the free field in water based on the one-way valve;
2.3 when the shock wave generated by the explosion of the explosive under water passes through the one-way valve 1 arranged on the pipe wall of the incidence pipe 2, the pressure in water is larger than the opening pressure of the one-way valve 1, and the water around the incidence pipe 2 flows into the incidence pipe 2 from the side wall of the incidence pipe 2 through the one-way valve 1;
2.4 after the explosion is finished, taking the passive measuring device for the impulse of the free field shock wave in water out of the water tank, opening the ball valve 4, pouring the water in the incidence pipe 2 into the measuring cylinder, and measuring to obtain the mass m of the water in the incidence pipe 2.
And 2.5, bringing m obtained in the step 2.4 into i=f (m) to obtain the specific impulse i of the underwater explosion free field shock wave, and finishing measurement.
Claims (7)
1. The passive measuring device for the impulse of the free field shock wave in water is characterized in that the passive measuring device for the impulse of the free field shock wave in water based on a one-way valve is cylindrical in shape and consists of a conical head (3), an incidence pipe (2), 2 one-way valves (1) and a ball valve (4); defining one end of the conical head (3) close to the explosion point as the left end of the aquatic free field shock wave impulse passive measuring device, and one end far away from the explosion point as the right end of the aquatic free field shock wave impulse passive measuring device; the cone head (3), the incidence pipe (2) and the ball valve (4) are coaxially assembled from left to right, and the check valve (1) is tightly sealed with the incidence pipe (2), the cone head (3) and the incidence pipe (2) and the ball valve (4) is tightly sealed with the incidence pipe (2);
The one-way valve (1) is an embedded one-way valve, is integrally cylindrical, has the length of l 1 and the diameter of d 1; the 2 one-way valves (1) are respectively embedded in two through holes (23) on the side wall of the incidence pipe (2), the water inlet end of the one-way valve (1) faces the outer side wall of the incidence pipe (2), and the water outlet end faces the inner side wall of the incidence pipe (2);
The incident tube (2) is made of hard metal, the incident tube (2) is a cylinder, the outer diameter is d 21, the inner diameter is d 22, and the length is L 2; the annular plane of the left end face, namely the left end, of the incidence pipe (2) is carved with a first internal threaded hole (21) along the axial direction, the first internal threaded hole (21) is used for connecting the incidence pipe (2) with the conical head (3), the internal diameter of the first internal threaded hole (21) is d 23, and the length of the first internal threaded hole (21) is l 21; the right end face of the incidence pipe (2), namely the annular plane of the right end, is carved with a second internal threaded hole (22) along the axial direction, the second internal threaded hole (22) is used for connecting the incidence pipe (2) with the ball valve (4), the internal diameter of the second internal threaded hole (22) is d 24, and the length is l 22; two through holes are dug on the side wall of the incidence pipe (2), and the diameters of the two through holes (23) are equal to d 1; the positions of the two through holes (23) are symmetrical relative to the central axis of the incidence tube (2), and the distance between the center of the through hole (23) and the left end face of the incidence tube (2) is l 23;
the conical head (3) is made of hard metal, the conical head (3) consists of a cone (31), a first cylinder (32) and a second cylinder (33), the diameter of the bottom surface of the cone (31) is d 31,d31＝d21, and the height of the cone (31) is l 31; the diameter d 32＝d31 of the bottom surface of the first cylinder (32) is l 32; the diameter d 33＝d23 of the bottom surface of the second cylinder (33) is l 33; the outer side wall of the second cylinder (33) is carved with a first external thread; the outside of the second cylinder (33) is wound with a raw material belt and then screwed into a first internal threaded hole (21) at the left end of the incidence pipe (2);
The ball valve (4) is made of hard metal, the ball valve (4) is a manual ball valve, the left end interface and the right end interface of the ball valve (4) are both provided with external threads, and the left end interface of the ball valve (4) is wound with a raw material belt and then screwed into a second internal threaded hole (22) at the right end of the incidence pipe (2).
2. The passive measuring device for impulse of free field shock wave in water according to claim 1, wherein the one-way valve (1) is an embedded one-way valve, is integrally cylindrical, is sleeved with a sealing ring on the outer side wall, and has a starting pressure of P 1,1KPa≤P1 less than or equal to 100KPa; the length l 1 of the check valve (1) is less than or equal to 5mm and less than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 50mm, and the diameter d 1 is less than or equal to 2mm and less than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 50mm.
3. A passive measurement device of free-field shock wave impulse in water according to claim 1, characterized in that the hard metal yield strength σ 1 used for the incident tube (2) is >100MPa; the outer diameter d 21 meets 2L 1+5mm≤d21≤2l1 +50mm, the inner diameter d 22 meets d 22＝d21-2l1, and the length L 2 meets 2d 21≤L2≤10d21; the inner diameter d 23 of the first internal threaded hole (21) meets d 21-30mm≤d23≤d21 -10mm, and the length l 21 of the first internal threaded hole (21) meets l 21 which is more than or equal to 10mm and less than or equal to 30mm; the inner diameter d 24 of the second internally threaded hole (22) meets d 24＝d41, and the length l 22 meets l 22＝l21; the distance L 23 between the center of the through hole dug on the side wall of the incidence pipe (2) and the left end face of the incidence pipe (2) meets 1/3L 2≤l23≤2/3L2.
4. A passive measurement device of free-field shock wave impulse in water according to claim 1, characterized in that the yield strength σ 2 of the hard metal used for the cone head (3) is >100MPa; the height l 31 of the cone (31) satisfies (d 31cot15°)/2≤l31≤(d31cot45°)/2; the length l 32 of the first cylinder (32) is less than or equal to 1cm and less than or equal to 32 and less than or equal to 3cm; the length l 33＝l21 of the second cylinder (33).
5. A passive measurement device of free-field shock wave impulse in water according to claim 1, characterized in that the yield strength σ 3 >100MPa of the hard metal used for the ball valve (4); the diameter d 41 of the second external thread in the left end interface of the ball valve (4) meets d 22<d41<d21, and the diameter d 42 of the third external thread in the right end interface meets d 42＝d41.
6. A method of measuring free field shock wave impulse of an underwater explosion using the passive measuring device for free field shock wave impulse in water of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, calibrating a free field impulse passive measuring device in water based on a one-way valve by adopting a free field underwater pressure sensor with a known dynamic sensitivity coefficient, namely establishing an impulse conversion equation of the free field impulse passive measuring device in water based on the one-way valve, wherein the equation is i=f (m), i is specific impulse, and m is the mass of water in an incident tube (2);
Secondly, measuring the impulse of the underwater free field shock wave by adopting a calibrated passive measuring device for the impulse of the underwater free field shock wave, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
2.1 designing a bracket for integrally fixing the measuring device in the water tank, wherein the bracket is an elongated rod, alloy steel is adopted as a material, and the diameter and the length of the bracket are determined according to specific experimental conditions; fixing the lower end of the bracket on the bottom of the water tank or the support;
2.2 connecting the right end of the ball valve (4) on the vacuum pump, opening the ball valve (4), closing the ball valve (4) when the vacuum pump shows that the vacuum degree is equal to-P 1 +1KPa, then closing the vacuum pump, and disconnecting the vacuum pump from the right end of the ball valve (4);
2.3, the whole of the passive measuring device for the impulse of the free field in water based on the one-way valve is firmly fixed on a bracket in the water tank, so that the explosion point is ensured to be positioned on the left end extension line of the central shaft of the passive measuring device for the impulse of the free field in water based on the one-way valve;
2.4 when the shock wave generated by the explosion of the explosive under water passes through the one-way valve (1) arranged on the pipe wall of the incidence pipe (2), the pressure in water is larger than the opening pressure of the one-way valve (1), and the water around the incidence pipe (2) flows into the incidence pipe (2) through the one-way valve (1);
2.5 after the explosion is finished, taking the passive measuring device of the impulse of the free field shock wave in water out of the water tank, opening the ball valve (4), pouring the water in the incidence pipe (2) into the measuring cylinder, and measuring to obtain the mass m of the water in the incidence pipe (2);
And 2.6, bringing m obtained in the step 2.5 into i=f (m) to obtain the specific impulse i of the free field shock wave of the underwater explosion, and finishing measurement.
7. The method for measuring impulse of free-field shock wave of explosion in water according to claim 6, wherein in the first step, the method for calibrating the passive measuring device for impulse of free-field shock wave in water based on the check valve by using the free-field underwater pressure sensor with known dynamic sensitivity coefficient is as follows:
1.1, the experiment times n=1, the total experiment times are N, N is a positive integer, and N is more than or equal to 10; initializing the proportional distance k n＝1m/kg3 of the cone head (3) from the explosion center; the proportional distance between the conical head (3) and the explosion center refers to the ratio of the distance between the conical head (3) and the explosion center to the cube root of the explosive quantity;
1.2, the underwater free field impulse passive measuring device based on the one-way valve and the free field underwater pressure sensor are simultaneously placed in water, so that the explosion point is ensured to be positioned on the left end extension line of the central shaft of the underwater free field impulse passive measuring device based on the one-way valve, and the proportional distance between the free field underwater pressure sensor and the explosion center and the proportional distance between the cone head (3) in the underwater free field impulse passive measuring device and the explosion center are both k n;
1.3, measuring the mass of water in an incidence pipe (2) in the passive measuring device of free field impulse of water based on a one-way valve at a proportional distance k n to obtain the mass m n of water in the incidence pipe (2) corresponding to k n, and measuring impulse of impulse ratio at an explosion distance based on a free field underwater pressure sensor to obtain impulse of impulse ratio i n corresponding to k n;
1.4 if N is less than or equal to N, let n=n+1, let k n＝(0.1n+0.9)k1 turn 1.2; if N is greater than N, turning to 1.5;
1.5, drawing N groups of data points (m 1,i1),…,(mn,in),…,(mN,iN) consisting of the mass of water and the impulse of the shock wave ratio in a rectangular coordinate system, observing the distribution of the data points, if the data points are in a linear relation, performing linear fitting, otherwise, performing high-order polynomial fitting to obtain an impulse conversion equation of the passive measuring device for the impulse of the shock wave of the free field in water, wherein the equation is i=f (m), i is the specific impulse, and m is the mass of water in an incident tube (2).
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