CN108009385A - For simulating the evaluation method of the equivalent dose of centrifuge Underwater Explosion test explosive - Google Patents
For simulating the evaluation method of the equivalent dose of centrifuge Underwater Explosion test explosive Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of evaluation method for being used to simulate the equivalent dose of centrifuge Underwater Explosion test explosive, including explosion testing device is established, in different explosive payload WiAnd powder charge is sunk under conditions of depth and air pressure equivalent water pillar height degree, multiburst experiment is carried out, measurement obtains the impact crest value P of ith experiment underwater explosionmiWith bubble pulsation period Ti, and computing is fitted with theoretical formula, equivalent coefficient of charge n is obtained, and then the equivalent explosive payload nW of the explosive for obtaining destructor.The present invention is using the gentle bubble pulsation period data of the impact crest value surveyed and empirical equation comparing, and least square fitting result is handled, powder charge equivalent coefficient and equivalent dose are obtained, realize the judge to explosive charge state, detonation reliability is examined, and for the design of explosive container parameter provide foundation, real simulation centrifuge Underwater Explosion test, and have the characteristics that to facilitate reliable and stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of explosion, and relates to a deepwater pressure resistant explosion device for an underwater explosion test of a centrifugal machine and an estimation method of explosive equivalent explosive quantity.
Background
In case of explosive damage to large dam in wartime, continuous collapse of multiple hydraulic projects is caused, and huge personnel damage and economic loss are caused. Therefore, the research on the anti-explosion safety problem of the dam engineering has very important theoretical guiding significance for reducing loss to the maximum extent and evaluating the safety of the dam. Due to the limitation of the expenditure and the site, the mechanism of large dam body damage under the action of explosive load is difficult to obtain through prototype explosion test research; the traditional structural model test also has difficulty in really revealing the mechanical behavior and the damage process of the explosion prototype. The geotechnical centrifuge increases the gravity of the model through high-speed rotation, so that the model medium body generates the dead weight stress similar to the prototype, the deformation and damage mechanism of the model is similar to the prototype, and the complicated geotechnical engineering and dynamics problems can be simulated, which is one of the common means for researching the explosion engineering mechanics at present, but the expensive cost and the test cost of the geotechnical centrifuge become the limit of large-scale popularization and use of the geotechnical centrifuge.
In addition, in an underwater explosion test of a centrifugal model, an explosion device is in an underwater overweight environment, the explosion performance of explosion devices such as detonators and the like can be influenced even though the external conditions of the overweight environment and high hydrostatic pressure occur, and the explosion device which is safe and reliable and highly equivalent to the centrifugal model needs to be researched, and the damage mechanism of facility engineering needs to be researched so as to replace the centrifugal machine to realize accurate simulation of underwater explosion in the high hydrostatic pressure environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses an estimation method for simulating equivalent explosive quantity of an underwater explosion test explosive of a centrifuge, which can replace the centrifuge to carry out accurate simulation of underwater explosion in a high hydrostatic pressure environment, has safe and reliable test and avoids the influence of explosion rejection.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an estimation method for simulating equivalent explosive quantity of an explosive for an underwater explosion test of a centrifuge comprises the following steps:
【1】 Establishing explosion test device at different loading W i And the charge sinking depth H i Equivalent water column height H with air pressure 0i Under the condition of (1), carrying out a series of explosion tests, and measuring to obtain a shock wave peak value P of underwater explosion of the ith test mi And a period of pulsation T of the bubble i ；
【2】 Processing the classic underwater load empirical formula to obtain a calculation formula (2.1) of a shock wave peak value theoretical value and a calculation formula (2.2) of a bubble pulse period theoretical value:
wherein k is p 、A p As a shock wave parameter related to the explosive properties, K T For bubble parameters related to explosive properties, for TNT explosives, k p ＝52.4，A p ＝1.13，K T ＝2.11；r i Respectively the i-th assembled dose W i The peak value theoretical value of the shock wave, the pulse cycle theoretical value of the bubble and the equivalent burst length, and n is an equivalent dose coefficient;
【3】 According to the principle of least square method, fitting the test data based on the formulas (2.1) and (2.2) to obtain an equivalent coefficient n, so that the square sum r of the deviation between the data points calculated by the formulas (2.1) and (2.2) and the data points obtained by each actual measurement p And r T Are all minimum values; i.e. determining the value of n such that r p And r T Is at a minimum, wherein
【4】 Is provided with Respectively calculate r p And r T N at minimum value p And n T Obtaining the formula (4.1):
further solving to obtain:
wherein n is p And n T Respectively corresponding to the equivalent drug amount of the shock wave and the pulsation of the bubble;
【5】as the equivalent coefficient of the TNT of the charge used for the test, nW is the equivalent quantity of the TNT of the charge used for the test.
Further, the explosive is RDX.
Furthermore, the explosion test device comprises an explosion sealing container, an explosion assembly and a sensor, wherein the container comprises an upper cover plate, a base and an outer wall, the upper cover plate is provided with a central through hole, a sensor through hole and an air pressure valve, and the explosion assembly and the sensor are arranged in a container cavity after respectively penetrating through the central through hole and the sensor through hole; the explosion assembly and the sensor are fixedly connected to an upper cover plate of the container in a sealing manner through a sealing joint; the lower half part of the container is filled with water, and the upper half part of the container is filled with high-pressure gas.
Furthermore, the explosion assembly comprises an electric detonator, a detonating connecting piece, a detonating cord and explosive, and the electric detonator and the detonating cord are fixedly connected through the detonating connecting piece;
the detonating connecting piece comprises a detonating cord joint, a detonator sleeve and a threaded sleeve; the front end of the detonating cord joint is provided with external threads, the center of the detonating cord joint is provided with a through hole, and the detonating cord is arranged in the central through hole of the detonating cord joint; the detonator sleeve comprises a front end with a large diameter and a tail end with a small diameter; a cavity for accommodating a detonator is arranged in the middle of the front end of the detonator sleeve, and a central through hole is arranged at the tail end of the detonator sleeve and is used for being connected with a detonator detonating wire in a penetrating manner; the screw sleeve penetrates through the tail end of the detonator sleeve and is matched and connected with the external thread at the front end of the detonating cord connector through the internal thread, and the detonator is pressed and attached to the end face of the detonating cord.
Furthermore, the sealing joint consists of a compression joint, a sealing element and a sealing base; the compression joint is provided with an external thread; the sealing element is made of compressible elastic material; the sealing base is provided with an internal thread and an external thread, the internal thread is matched and connected with the external thread of the compression joint, and the external thread is connected with the upper cover plate of the pressure tank; a test line or primer line is passed through the central through-hole of the compression fitting and seal.
Furthermore, a pressure gauge is arranged outside the upper cover plate.
Furthermore, the base is provided with a cross reinforcing rib plate.
Furthermore, a checking device is connected to the outside of the container, the checking device comprises a signal conditioner, a dynamic collector, a computer terminal and an initiator, and the initiator is electrically connected with an electric detonator in the explosion assembly; the output end of the sensor amplifies and conditions the sensor signal through the signal conditioner, the dynamic collector collects the signal and stores the collected data in the computer terminal.
Furthermore, the detonator comprises a synchronous trigger port which is connected with the dynamic collector through a synchronous signal line to trigger the dynamic collector to collect the explosion signal.
Further, the sensor and the explosive are arranged at the same level.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the pressure explosion container is adopted to replace a centrifugal machine to carry out an accurate simulation test of underwater explosion in a high hydrostatic pressure environment, the underwater test of the centrifugal machine can be accurately simulated through the accurate design of pressure parameters, the explosion performance and the explosion reliability of an explosion device in a high hydrostatic pressure environment are checked, the underwater explosion test of the centrifugal machine is truly simulated, and the pressure explosion container has the characteristics of convenience, stability, reliability and low cost.
2. The invention compares the actually measured shock wave peak value and bubble pulse period data with empirical formula data, processes the least square fitting result to obtain equivalent charge coefficient and equivalent explosive amount, realizes the inspection and judgment of the explosive detonation state and detonation reliability, calculates the parameters of the explosion pressure container according to the peak shock pressure value obtained theoretically or the actually measured peak pressure value, and provides a basis for the development of the explosion container.
3. The invention adds enough water into the sealed container and leads in air with different air pressures to realize explosion simulation of different hydrostatic pressure parameters, and the pressure sensor is arranged in the container to measure the influence of underwater explosion shock waves and bubble pulsation, study the explosion performance and test the explosion reliability of the explosive.
4. The traditional electric detonator initiation mode adopts a mode of winding and bonding a detonator and a detonating cord by using an adhesive tape, and is proved to be incapable of normal initiation in an underwater test and often has the phenomenon of explosion rejection; the invention adopts the detonating connecting piece to press and attach the detonator and the detonating cord end face under the sealing condition, so that the detonator and the detonating cord end face are isolated from water and are tightly attached and fixed, the influence of water immersion and water pressure on the detonating performance of the detonator is reduced, the problem of explosion rejection is overcome, and the reliability of the detonating of the high static pressure underwater blasting detonator is ensured.
5. The upper cover of the explosion container is provided with the sealing element for sealing the test wire and the detonating wire, and the sealing element is made of compressible elastic material and is pressed on the test wire or the detonating wire, so that the whole container is ensured to be airtight.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an explosion-proof container
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sealing joint structure of a test wire/detonating wire
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the initiation connector
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the explosion device
FIG. 5 Underwater detonation pressure time plot
FIG. 6 analysis of sidewall infinitesimal stress under the action of shock wave
In the figure, 1 — container; 2, sealing a joint by a detonating cord; 3-sealing the joint by a test line; 4-a sensor; 5, explosive; 6-water; 7-pneumatic valves; 8, an upper cover plate; 9-a base; 10-a pressure gauge; 11-compression joint; 12-a seal; 13-sealing the base; 14-sealing line; 21-electric detonator; 22-detonator sleeve; 23-a thread sleeve; 24-a detonating cord connection; 25-detonating cord; 30-a signal conditioner; 31-dynamic collector; 32-a computer terminal; 33-initiator.
Detailed Description
1. Explosive device and related measuring equipment
As shown in fig. 1, the underwater pressure explosion test device comprises an explosion sealed container 1, an explosion assembly and a sensor 4, wherein the container 1 comprises an upper cover plate 8, a base 9 and an outer wall 7, the upper cover plate 8 is provided with a central through hole, a sensor through hole and a pneumatic valve, and the explosion assembly and the sensor 4 are arranged in a container cavity after respectively penetrating through the central through hole and the sensor through hole; the sensor and the explosive are arranged at the same horizontal height, and the explosive assembly and the sensor 4 are fixedly connected on an upper cover plate 8 of the container 1 in a sealing way through a sealing joint 2; the lower half part of the container is filled with water, and the upper half part is filled with high-pressure gas.
The explosive charging and the sensor are arranged in the container from two through holes reserved in an upper cover plate of the pressure container, internal threads are processed in the through holes, the detonating cord and the testing cord are respectively led out of the through holes through two connectors and then are screwed and sealed, and a digital pressure gauge and a pneumatic valve are installed on the upper cover plate of the pressure container and used for pressurizing and reading the gas pressure in the container. The base 9 is provided with a cross reinforcing rib plate to improve the bearing capacity of the container explosion.
The line sealing means refer to the detonating cord 2 of the antiknock pressure vessel and the line sealing joint 3 of the test cord shown in fig. 2. The sealing joint comprises a detonating cord sealing joint 2 and a testing cord sealing joint 3, and the sealing joint consists of a compression joint 11, a sealing piece 12 and a sealing base 13; the compression joint 11 is provided with external threads; the sealing element 12 is made of compressible elastic material such as nylon; the sealing base 13 is provided with an internal thread and an external thread, the internal thread is matched and connected with the external thread of the compression joint 11, and the external thread is connected with the upper cover plate 8 of the pressure tank; a seal wire 14, i.e. a test wire or a firing wire, passes through the central through-holes of the compression fitting 11 and the seal 12.
As shown in fig. 3, the explosion assembly comprises an electric detonator 21, an initiation connecting piece, a detonating cord 25 and an explosive, wherein the electric detonator 21 and the detonating cord 25 are fixedly connected through the initiation connecting piece; the detonating connecting piece comprises a detonating cord joint 24, a detonator sleeve 22 and a threaded sleeve 23; the front end of the detonating cord connector 24 is provided with external threads, the center of the detonating cord connector is provided with a through hole, and the detonating cord 25 is arranged in the central through hole of the detonating cord connector 24; the detonator sheath 22 comprises a large diameter leading end and a small diameter trailing end; the middle part of the front end of the detonator sleeve 22 is provided with a cavity for accommodating a detonator 21, and the tail end of the detonator sleeve 22 is provided with a central through hole for connecting a detonator initiating wire in a penetrating way; the screw sleeve 23 penetrates through the tail end of the detonator sleeve 22 and is matched and connected with the external thread at the front end of the detonating cord connector 24 through the internal thread, and the detonator 21 is pressed and attached to the end face of the detonating cord 25.
The explosive devices used in the tests were of three types: detonator, cylindrical charge and spherical charge. According to the results of the conventional centrifugal tests, the spherical charge explosive device using the electric cap 21, the detonating cord 25 and the spherical charge as the booster train cannot normally function at a gravity acceleration of 60G at a water depth of 30cm, i.e., at 277kPa (equivalent to 18 m) water depth. The main reason may be that the traditional detonator initiation mode is adopted, the detonator and the detonating cord are wound and bonded by using an adhesive tape, and under a high-water-pressure environment, a water layer between the electric detonator 21 and the detonating cord 25 plays a role in reducing the initiation capability of the electric detonator 21, so that the phenomenon of explosion rejection often occurs. The connection mode of figure 3 is adopted, the special aluminum alloy metal connecting piece is adopted for thread fixing, the detonator is tightly combined with the end face of the detonating cord, a cavity for containing the detonator is arranged in the detonator, the detonator is isolated and sealed from water, the detonating unit is not influenced by water pressure, namely the pressure of water cannot be transmitted to the end faces of the detonator 21 and the detonating cord 25 to influence normal detonating, so that the influence of the water and the water pressure on the detonating performance of the detonator is reduced, and the detonator and the main charge realize stable and reliable detonation through the detonating cord.
The main charge is divided into a spherical shape or a cylindrical shape according to the shape. The spherical main explosive is poly black-2 (8701 explosive), the explosive density is 1.65g/cm < 3 >, and the explosive specification is 0.5g, 0.75g, 1.0g, 2.0g and 3.0g; the external connection is a detonating cord 25 of 10-32 cm, and the detonating cord 25 is detonated by a minitype electric detonator 21. The columnar main charge is poly-black-14, the charge density is about 1.65g/cm < 3 >, the electric detonator is directly detonated, and the charge specifications (the charge of the detonator) are 0.125g,0.250g,0.500g,0.750g and 1.000g. The main charge performance parameters comprise 8160m/s explosion speed, 1210kJ/mol explosion heat, 663L/kg explosion capacity, JWL equation parameters A =6.3, B =0.175, R1=4.45, R2=1.35, w =0.31 and E =0.112. The explosion propagation mode is an aluminum shell detonating fuse, the diameter phi of the shell is 2.56mm, and the wall thickness of the shell is 0.5mm; the detonating cord medicament is dull black-5, the charge linear density is about 3.15g/m, and the detonation velocity is about 8041m/s. The initiation mode is that a miniature electric detonator is initiated, the explosive amount in the detonator is 45mg, 45mg of initiating explosive (the explosive is hexogen and the initiating explosive is carboxymethyl cellulose lead nitride), the equivalent explosive amount is 50mg, the shell size is phi 3.78mm multiplied by 7.36mm, the length of the lead is 40mm, and the length is prolonged to 1m. The safe current is 75mA +/-5 mA, and the ignition direct-current voltage is 12V +/-0.5V (the capacitance is 20 mu F +/-2 mu F).
As shown in fig. 4, a verifying unit is coupled to the outside of the explosion-sealed container. The detection device comprises a signal conditioner 30, a dynamic collector 31, a computer terminal 32 and an initiator 33, wherein the initiator 33 is electrically connected with an electric detonator 21 in the explosion assembly; after the output end of the sensor 4 amplifies and conditions the signal of the sensor 4 through the signal conditioner 30, the dynamic collector 31 collects the signal and stores the collected data in the computer terminal 32.
The initiator 33 includes a synchronous trigger port, and is connected to the dynamic collector 31 through a synchronous signal line to trigger the dynamic collector 31 to collect the explosion signal. The initiator 33 is of the GBP414 type, which has the functions of measuring and displaying the network dc resistance, and initiating the electric detonator 21, and does not require battery power. The main technical indexes comprise that the output voltage: more than or equal to 1600V (instant after charging); detonation capability: when the resistance of the lead is not more than 50 omega, the serial military 8# electric detonator 200 is immediately detonated after charging; weight: less than or equal to 1kg; volume: the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height is less than or equal to 160mm multiplied by 105mm multiplied by 60mm.
The sensor 4 adopts a water pressure sensor, uses a pressure sensor which is made by ICP company and is of a type of PCB 138A10, the measuring range of the pressure sensor is 68.95MPa, the sensitivity coefficient is 73mV/MPa, the resonance frequency is more than or equal to 1000kHz, and the low response frequency is 2.5Hz. This model pressure sensor can convert the pressure signal in the water into an electrical signal, but requires a 482C conditioner for processing. Signal conditioner 30 has four independent channels, each of which uses a BNC interface at the back panel to provide a suitable current source for the sensor to maintain sensor operation.
The dynamic acquisition unit 31 adopts a high-speed data acquisition system, uses a DH5960 ultra-dynamic signal test analysis system of the toyowtai test company, has a wide application range, and can complete the test and analysis of various physical quantities such as stress strain, vibration (acceleration, speed and displacement), impact, acoustics, temperature (various thermocouples and platinum resistors), pressure, flow, force, torque, voltage, current and the like. The high-speed transient sampling rate of 20MHz is widely applied to impact and blasting tests, and transient signals are accurately captured. There are 16 independent channels and the sampling frequency is set to 1M during the test.
And connecting the explosion device and the test sensor with the detonating wire and the test wire, arranging the explosion device and the test sensor in the pressure container, and connecting the explosion device and the test sensor with the detonating wire and the test wire to form a data acquisition system. Selecting the dosage according to the test scheme, setting the filling depth and the testing distance, then sealing and pressurizing to the pressure designed by the scheme, detonating the explosion device, and testing the water pressure change generated by underwater explosion.
2. Explosion test and theoretical calculation
The explosion test is carried out by adopting the explosion device, and the contents of the explosion test are mainly divided into four parts: detonator performance test, pressurized model similarity rate verification, cylindrical charging test and spherical charging detonation performance test. The detonation performance test mainly needs to check whether the explosive device can reliably and completely detonate under the water depth environment of 30m (equivalent to 100G centrifugal acceleration and 30cm water depth in a centrifugal model test), namely under 4 atmospheric pressures.
The underwater explosion load comprises underwater shock waves and air bubble pulsation, cole carries out a large amount of research work aiming at underwater explosion, provides an empirical formula for calculating the pressure of the underwater explosion shock waves, and the underwater explosion shock waves and the air bubble pulsation formula can be determined by the following formulas (1) and (2):
in the formula: w is the charge mass (kg) converted into TNT; r is the detonation distance (m); h is the charge penetration (m); h 0 Is the equivalent water column height (m) at atmospheric pressure, the equivalent water column height at standard atmospheric pressure is 10.34m; k is a radical of p 、A p As a shock wave parameter related to the explosive properties, K T For bubble parameters related to explosive properties, for TNT explosives, k p ＝52.4，A p ＝1.13，K T =2.11. The explosive device used in the test was RDX as the main charge component, and the RDX agent was 1.58 times as powerful as TNT explosive at full detonation.
Combining the formula (1) and the formula (2), converting the RDX loading used in the test into TNT equivalent according to an equivalent coefficient n, and adopting the equivalent coefficient n to overcome the influence of different explosive types and explosion results. The dosage of each component is W i According to an empirical formula, the peak pressure of the shock wave isSee formula (3) with a bubble pulsation period ofSee formula (4):
meanwhile, the pressure-time curve measured by the test method through the sensor is shown as 5, and the loading amount W of the ith test is W in each set of test working conditions i The equivalent water column height of the explosive filling depth Hi and the air pressure is H 0i Under the conditions of (1), the peak value P of the shock wave measured after explosion mi And period of pulsation of the bubbleT i (equal to the difference between the time of the secondary peak pressure and the time of the shock wave peak pressure) and then comparing the test results for analysis.
According to the principle of least square method, the equivalent coefficient n is calculated based on the fitting test data of formulas (3) and (4), so that the square sum r of the deviation between the data points calculated by the formulas (3) and (4) and the data points obtained by each actual measurement p And r T Are all minimum values; i.e. determining the value of n such that r p And r T Is at a minimum, wherein
Due to r p And r T Is a function of n, each of which is solved for r p And r T N at minimum value p And n T Is provided withSee formula (6):
the following can be obtained from equations (5) and (6):
n p and n T Respectively equivalent doses corresponding to shock wave and bubble pulsation, and n should be satisfied under the condition of complete detonation of the explosive p ≈n T Get itTNT equivalent coefficient of charge used as test。
According to the value of the coefficient, and combining the field test phenomenon, the preliminary judgment can be made: when n is more than or equal to 1.00, the power of the explosive device is equal to or more than the same TNT power, and the main charge is considered to be reliably detonated; when n is approximately equal to 1.58, the equivalent coefficient of the RDX agent is close, namely the main charge reaches high detonation velocity and complete detonation; when n <1, the explosion is judged to be not reliably detonated. In addition, because the equivalent dose of the detonator is 50mg after test and check, if the equivalent dose nW of the explosion device is approximately equal to 50mg, the explosion of the detonator can be judged, but the main charge is not initiated; if no shock wave pressure peak value is measured, namely n =0, the detonator is judged to be not acted.
Setting a judgment interval by taking n =1 as a standard, and setting the interval range to be +/-20%, so as to obtain the following judgment criteria:
when n is greater than 1.20, the main charge reaches high detonation velocity and complete detonation;
when n is more than or equal to 0.80 and less than 1.20, the main charge is initiated at low detonation velocity;
when 0 and n are less than 0.80, the main charge is in a semi-explosive or abnormal detonation state;
when n =0, the detonator is not active.
The main charge is in a detonating state, namely n is more than or equal to 0.80, the explosive performance of the explosive device tends to be stable, and the main charge can be used as the TNT equivalent charge coefficient for calculation.
3. Explosive container design calculation
According to the results of the explosion tests, the parameters of the explosion container are designed, and the design calculation steps are as follows:
(1) Rationale and blast impact parameter determination
According to the characteristics of the explosion test, the energy consumed by the water compression deformation is ignored. This is because water is a liquid that is difficult to compress, and when the external pressure is increased to 100 mpa, the density of water increases only by about 5%. Therefore, when the explosive explodes in the water, the deformation energy consumed by the water is very small, and the transfer efficiency of the explosion energy is high.
Secondly, according to simulated explosion testsThe characteristics, and the processing requirements of the container, define the following preliminary parameters: pressure P of charged air in the container 0 0.4MPa, 3g of underwater explosive quantity, 80cm x 100cm in size and the material is preferably steel with the strength larger than Q235.
For the centralized blasting mode, the peak pressure theoretical value of the wave front of the shock wave in waterIs shown by formula (9)
In the formula:calculating to obtain peak pressure Pa on the wave front for theory; k is a radical of p Constants associated with the nature of the explosive, for TNT explosives k p =52.4; w is the dose, kg; r is the distance from the object to the center of the medicine package, m; a. The p For TNT explosives, A, for decay index p ＝1.13。
The function relation of the water shock wave pressure P and the time t is the formula (10)
In the formula, theta is an integral constant,
when the parameter design calculation of the explosion tank is carried out, the reflection superposition of the shock wave on the tank wall is considered, and the peak pressure P when the shock wave reaches the tank wall is used m And 2 times of the explosive load is used as the explosive load, and the strength of the side wall and the bottom surface of the blasting tank are respectively checked.
(2) Blasting can sidewall thickness calculation
Firstly according toThe peak pressure of the blast shock wave in the water reaching the side wall is calculated and obtained by the formulas (10) and (11)Initial pressure in the tank is P 0 The pressure load P to which the side wall is subjected is formula (12):
wherein P is 0 Is the ram pressure in the container, i.e. the initial pressure in the container before detonation.
The force situation of the wall infinitesimal of the tank is shown in fig. 6, and a balance equation (13) can be obtained:
where P is the pressure load on the sidewall, a is the radius of the blasting vessel, σ θ Is sidewall tensile stress.
Obtained from formula (13):
after the type of steel used for the blasting vessel has been determined, and the radius a of the blasting vessel, the maximum amount of material has been determined, provided that σ is such that θ ≤[σ s ]The safety of the blasting tank can be ensured, and the wall thickness delta is calculated.
(3) Blasting tank bottom surface strength checking
The intensity of the bottom surface of the blasting tank is checked mainly aiming at the shearing strength of the tank bottom, in order to ensure that the intensity meets the requirement, when the impact load received by the tank bottom is calculated, spherical impact waves are approximately regarded as plane waves, the wave crests of the impact waves reach the bottom surface at the same time and are reflected, and the maximum impact pressure load received by the bottom surface is referred to a formula (12).
Equation of balance when tank bottom is impacted (15)
Pπa 2 ＝2πaδ b σ g (15)
In the formula of b Wall thickness, σ, of can bottom g Is the bottom tank wall shear stress.
Formula (16) is obtainable from formula (15):
after the type of steel used for the blasting tank is determined, the shearing strength [ sigma ] of the material g ]It has been determined that depending on the radius a of the blasting vessel, only a shear stress σ in the material is to be achieved g Less than the shear strength [ sigma ] of the material g ]The safety of the blasting tank can be ensured, and the wall thickness delta of the tank bottom can be calculated b 。
It should be noted that the above parameter design method is to calculate the equivalent coefficient n of the explosive according to the combination of the above theoretical calculation and experimental data, and then obtain the theoretical value of the peak pressure according to the formula (9)And finally calculating the parameters of the explosion tank after obtaining the pressure load P according to a formula (12).
In practical application, the peak pressure measured value P can be obtained by experiment m To replace the theoretical valueAnd carrying out design calculation on parameters of the explosive container.
(4) Final explosion tank design parameters
The total height of the explosion tank container is 1200mm, the internal height is 960mm, the side wall thickness is 20mm, the thickness of the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate is 35mm, and the bottom cover plate is additionally provided with a # -shaped support. The through holes with the diameter of 50mm are reserved in the center of the upper cover plate and the position 250mm away from the center of the upper cover plate and are used for arranging explosives and pressure sensors, the explosive sinking depth is 300mm, the water depth is 700mm, the sensors and the explosive are arranged at the same horizontal height and the distance is 300mm, the requirements of simulation tests on the types and the equivalent of required explosives can be met, and the safety of the simulation explosion tests is ensured.
Claims (10)
1. An estimation method for simulating equivalent explosive quantity of an explosive for an underwater explosion test of a centrifuge is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
【1】 Establishing explosion test device at different loading W i And the explosive filling sinking depth H i Equivalent water column height H with air pressure 0i Under the condition of (1), carrying out a series of explosion tests, and measuring to obtain a shock wave peak value P of underwater explosion of the ith test mi And the period of pulsation T of the bubble i ；
【2】 Processing the classic underwater load empirical formula to obtain a calculation formula (2.1) of a shock wave peak value theoretical value and a calculation formula (2.2) of a bubble pulse period theoretical value:
wherein k is p 、A p As a shock wave parameter related to the explosive properties, K T For bubble parameters related to explosive properties, for TNT explosives, k p ＝52.4，A p ＝1.13，K T ＝2.11；r i Respectively is the ith assembled dose W i The peak value theoretical value of the shock wave, the pulse cycle theoretical value of the bubble and the equivalent burst length, and n is an equivalent dose coefficient;
【3】 According to the principle of least square method, the equivalent coefficient n is calculated based on the fitting test data of the formulas (2.1) and (2.2), so that the square sum r of the deviation between the data points calculated by the formulas (2.1) and (2.2) and the data points obtained by each actual measurement p And r T Are all minimum values; i.e. determining the value of n such that r p And r T Is at a minimum, wherein
【4】 Is provided withRespectively calculate r p And r T N at minimum value p And n T Obtaining the formula (4.1):
further solving to obtain:
wherein n is p And n T Respectively corresponding to the equivalent drug amount of the shock wave and the pulsation of the bubble;
【5】as the equivalent coefficient of the TNT of the charge used for the test, nW is the equivalent quantity of the TNT of the charge used for the test.
2. The estimation method for simulating the equivalent explosive quantity of the centrifuge underwater explosion test explosive according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the explosive is RDX.
3. The estimation method for simulating the equivalent explosive quantity of the centrifuge underwater explosion test explosive according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the explosion test device comprises an explosion sealing container (1), an explosion assembly and a sensor (4), wherein the container (1) comprises an upper cover plate (8), a base (9) and an outer wall (7), the upper cover plate (8) is provided with a central through hole, a sensor through hole and a pneumatic valve, and the explosion assembly and the sensor (4) are arranged in a container cavity after respectively penetrating through the central through hole and the sensor through hole; the explosion assembly and the sensor (4) are fixedly connected on an upper cover plate (8) of the container (1) in a sealing way through a sealing joint; the lower half part of the container (1) is filled with water, and the upper half part is filled with high-pressure gas.
4. The estimation method for simulating the equivalent explosive quantity of the centrifugal machine underwater explosion test explosive according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the explosion assembly comprises an electric detonator (21), a detonation connecting piece, a detonating cord (25) and explosive, wherein the electric detonator (21) and the detonating cord (25) are fixedly connected through the detonating connecting piece;
the detonating connecting piece comprises a detonating cord connector (24), a detonator sleeve (22) and a threaded sleeve (23); the front end of the detonating cord joint (24) is provided with external threads, the center of the detonating cord joint is provided with a through hole, and the detonating cord (25) is arranged in the central through hole of the detonating cord joint (24); the detonator sleeve (22) comprises a large-diameter front end and a small-diameter tail end; a cavity for accommodating a detonator (21) is arranged in the middle of the front end of the detonator sleeve (22), and a central through hole is formed in the tail end of the detonator sleeve (22) and used for connecting a detonator detonating cord in a penetrating manner; the screw sleeve (23) penetrates through the tail end of the detonator sleeve (22) and is matched and connected with the external thread at the front end of the detonating cord joint (24) through the internal thread, and the detonator (21) is pressed and attached to the end surface of the detonating cord (25).
5. The estimation method for simulating the equivalent explosive quantity of the centrifugal machine underwater explosion test explosive according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the sealing joint consists of a compression joint (11), a sealing element (12) and a sealing base (13); the compression joint (11) is provided with an external thread; the sealing element (12) is made of compressible elastic material; the sealing base (13) is provided with an internal thread and an external thread, the internal thread is matched and connected with the external thread of the compression joint (11), and the external thread is connected with the upper cover plate (8) of the pressure tank; a test or primer wire is passed through the central through bore of the compression fitting (11) and seal (12).
6. The estimation method for simulating the equivalent explosive quantity of the centrifuge underwater explosion test explosive according to claim 3, is characterized in that: and a pressure gauge is arranged outside the upper cover plate (8).
7. The estimation method for simulating the equivalent explosive quantity of the centrifugal machine underwater explosion test explosive according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the base (9) is provided with a cross reinforcing rib plate.
8. The estimation method for simulating the equivalent explosive quantity of the centrifugal machine underwater explosion test explosive according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the outer part of the container is connected with a detection device, the detection device comprises a signal conditioner (30), a dynamic collector (32), a computer terminal (32) and an initiator (33), and the initiator (33) is electrically connected with an electric detonator (21) in the explosion assembly; the output end of the sensor (4) amplifies and conditions the sensor signal through the signal conditioner (30), then the dynamic collector (32) collects the signal, and the collected data is stored in the computer terminal (32).
9. The estimation method for simulating the equivalent explosive quantity of the centrifuge underwater explosion test explosive according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the initiator (33) comprises a synchronous trigger port which is connected with the dynamic collector (32) through a synchronous signal line to trigger the dynamic collector (32) to collect the explosion signal.
10. The estimation method for simulating the equivalent explosive quantity of the centrifuge underwater explosion test explosive according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the sensors and the explosives are arranged at the same horizontal height.
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