CN112378563B - Equivalent test system and method for plateau explosion shock waves - Google Patents
Equivalent test system and method for plateau explosion shock waves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of explosive shock wave testing, and discloses a plateau explosive shock wave parameter equivalent testing system and a plateau explosive shock wave parameter equivalent testing method. The method can simulate various environmental conditions of altitude, avoids various difficulties caused by plateau field experiments, solves the technical problem of researching the propagation characteristics of plateau shock waves in plain areas, has the characteristics of convenient operation, low consumption, strong repeatability and the like, and can provide reliable data for the research on the destruction effect of weapons in plateau.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of explosive shock wave testing, in particular to a plateau explosive shock wave equivalent testing system and a plateau explosive shock wave equivalent testing method.
Background
China has a wide plateau area, and plateau areas have important economic, political and military significance for China. For historical and practical reasons, plateau borders present many as yet unresolved territorial disputes that make the plateau area still a region where armed conflicts may break out. The difference between the environment of the plateau area and the plain is large, for example, the Qinghai-Tibet plateau with the highest altitude is taken as an example, the average altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is more than 4000m, the air in the area is thin, and the atmospheric pressure and the oxygen partial pressure are both in a lower level. In such environments, the propagation characteristics of the explosion shock wave are different from those of plain areas, the damage efficiency of explosive charging and explosion to buildings can be changed, and researches show that the plateau environment can reduce the tolerance of organisms to the shock wave and aggravate the impact injury situation. In view of these factors, it is highly desirable for the military to investigate the effects of weapon destruction in a high altitude environment.
At present, the ideal testing means of plateau explosive blast waves is to perform explosive loading and explosion testing in plateau areas, but the research method faces the problems of huge experimental process consumption, limited explosive field, poor test repeatability and the like, and each test can only research explosive loading and explosion in a single plateau environment. How to solve these problems has become an important issue facing the field of plateau explosion shock wave testing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a plateau explosion shock wave equivalent test system and a test method, which can effectively solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the equivalent test system for the parameters of the plateau explosion shock waves comprises a low-pressure environment simulation device, an initiation device, a pressure test device and test charges, wherein the low-pressure environment simulation device is used for simulating a plateau low-pressure environment, the initiation device is used for initiating the test charges arranged in the plateau low-pressure environment, and the pressure test device is used for recording pressure change data in an explosion process and analyzing parameter data of the explosion shock waves.
Preferably, the low-pressure environment simulation device comprises a sealing tank, a vacuum pump and a plurality of pressure monitors, wherein the pressure monitors are respectively arranged at an air inlet and an air outlet of the sealing tank and used for monitoring the change of the environmental pressure in the sealing tank in real time, and the vacuum pump is arranged at the air outlet and used for pumping out the gas in the sealing tank to manufacture the low-pressure environment.
Preferably, the main structure of the sealing tank is a cylindrical capsule structure with two spherical ends.
Preferably, the initiation device comprises a synchronous machine, a high-voltage pulse generator and a detonator, the synchronous machine outputs two paths of synchronous signals, one path of signals is used for starting the high-voltage pulse generator to send electric pulses to initiate the detonator to detonate the test charge, and the other path of signals is used for triggering the pressure test device to record data.
Preferably, the pressure testing device comprises a pressure sensor, a signal adjusting instrument and a data recorder, wherein the pressure sensor is used for acquiring shock wave pressure signals of the position in real time, processing the shock wave pressure signals through the signal adjusting instrument and recording and storing the shock wave pressure signals through the data recorder.
Preferably, the pressure sensor is of a streamline structure with double wedge-shaped discs, the pressure sensor is placed in the center of the double wedge-shaped discs, the sensitive surface of the pressure sensor is flush with the central plane of the wedge-shaped discs, the other end of the double wedge-shaped discs provided with the pressure sensor is fixed on a sensor support through a nut, and the sensor support is welded on the wall of the sealed tank.
Preferably, the test explosive is spherical explosive, the spherical explosive is cast spherical TNT explosive with the purity of more than 99.5%, the spherical explosive comprises an upper hemisphere, a lower hemisphere and a booster charge column, a perforated round hole is prefabricated in the middle of the upper hemisphere and used for placing a detonator, the detonator is inserted and filled with vacuum sealing mud, the booster charge column is placed in a cylindrical groove prefabricated in the center of the upper hemisphere and the lower hemisphere, and the booster charge column is made of PETN.
An equivalent test method for parameters of a plateau explosion shock wave comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out high-pressure and low-pressure sealing performance tests on the low-pressure environment simulation device;
s2: dynamically calibrating the pressure sensor, and simultaneously checking the air tightness of the low-pressure environment simulation device under the explosion impact and the firmness of an internal device;
s3: selecting a charge to be tested and connecting a detonating device according to the test requirements, and sealing a low-pressure environment simulation device;
s4: adjusting the internal pressure to reach a preset altitude pressure by using a low-pressure environment simulation device;
s5: testing explosive charge through the initiation of the initiation device, collecting test data through the pressure test device, and checking the validity of the data;
s6: processing experimental data, analyzing the original waveform and extracting shock wave parameters.
Preferably, the specific process of step S1 is as follows: starting an air pump to pump air into the sealing tank, maintaining the air pressure of 200kPa for 10 minutes, and judging that the high-pressure tightness is good, wherein the fluctuation range of the air pressure is less than 5 percent; and starting the air pump to pump air out of the sealing tank, maintaining the air pressure of 30kPa for 10 minutes, and judging that the low-pressure tightness is good, wherein the fluctuation range of the air pressure is less than 5 percent.
Preferably, in step S6, a modified Friedlander equation is used to fit the original waveform of the shock wave, and the equation is as follows:
wherein Δ P (t) is the overpressure time course curve, PsAt the peak of overpressure, taTo arrive at time, tdThe positive pressure acting time and b is the waveform attenuation coefficient.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) utilize the sealed tank to simulate plateau low pressure environment, its simulated pressure can accurate regulation, avoids the uncertain influence that outdoor weather condition produced to can simulate the ambient pressure under the multiple altitude condition. (2) The device is used for carrying out experiments in a laboratory, so that the safety risk and the experiment consumption in the process of an outfield experiment are reduced, and the repeatability of the experiment is higher.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an equivalent test system for parameters of a plateau explosion shock wave according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the equivalent test system for parameters of a plateau explosion shock wave according to the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the charge and station locations of the test system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a double wedge-shaped disk structure of a pressure sensor used in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a shockwave generating spherical charge of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exemplary correction curve using the Friedlander equation for the example raw data;
FIG. 7 is a plot of typical overpressure time courses measured at three altitude conditions according to the example;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing example shockwave overpressure values to field test values.
Wherein, 1-a detonating device; 2-low pressure environment simulation device; 3-a pressure testing device; 4-testing the charge.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention specifically provides a plateau explosion shock wave equivalent test system, which comprises a detonating device 1, a low-pressure environment simulation device 2, a pressure test device 3 and a test charge 4, wherein the detonating device 1 is connected with the low-pressure environment simulation device 2; the low-pressure environment simulation device 2 is used for simulating a plateau low-pressure environment, the testing charge 4 arranged in the low-pressure environment is detonated through the detonating device 1, and the pressure testing device 3 is used for recording and storing a shock wave pressure curve in an explosion process.
The initiation device 1 consists of an initiation detonator, a high-voltage pulse generator and a synchronous machine.
Specifically, the high-voltage pulse generator is a GMF-I type pulse generator, the output high-voltage pulse range is 8-15 kV, and the leading edge is less than or equal to 25 ns. The synchronous machine is a DS310 type synchronous machine, the triggering mode is external triggering, the pulse amplitude is larger than 10V, the pulse width is larger than or equal to 100ns, and the leading edge is smaller than or equal to 50 ns.
The low-pressure environment simulation device 2 consists of a sealed tank, a vacuum pump and a pressure monitor.
Specifically, the seal pot is the capsule shape that the main part is the cylinder both ends for the sphere, as shown in fig. 3, and the material is No. 20 steel, and jar body length L is 2.8m, and cylinder part diameter R is 2m, and the jar body is equipped with into, the big valve of gas vent and personnel business turn over, and the design of cylinder side has cable connector etc.. The valve of the sealing tank is sealed by a rubber ring and high-temperature lubricating grease, and can bear multiple actions of shock waves without air leakage. The power of the selected vacuum pump is 1.1kW, and the pumping speed can reach 8L/s. The pressure monitor adopts a CDG045D capacitance diaphragm vacuum gauge with a measuring range of 6-4 multiplied by 105Pa. The gas in the tank is pumped out by the vacuum pump to produce low pressure, and pressure monitors are installed at the air inlet and the air outlet of the sealing tank to monitor the change of the environmental pressure in the tank in real time. The pressure in the sealed tank can be accurately adjusted by the cooperation of the vacuum pump and the pressure monitor.
The test explosive charge 4 adopts the fusion-cast spherical explosive charge to ensure the isotropy of the spherical shock wave in the near field, the TNT is purified before fusion-casting to reduce impurities, the TNT content is more than 99.5 percent, and the finished explosive balls are detected to remove defective products with bubbles, cracks and impurities so as to improve the test accuracy. As shown in figure 5, the charge is divided into an upper hemisphere, a lower hemisphere and a booster charge column. The round hole that prefabricated runs through in the middle of the upper hemisphere is used for placing the detonator, uses vacuum sealing mud to fill after inserting the detonator, the cylindrical recess is prefabricated in order to place the booster charge in upper hemisphere and lower hemisphere center, and the charge is made for PETN. The upper hemisphere and the lower hemisphere are bonded by glue.
The pressure testing device 3 comprises a free field shock wave sensor arranged in the tank body, and a signal adjusting instrument and a data recorder which are connected with the free field shock wave sensor, wherein the instruments are connected with each other by using a coaxial cable. The free field shock wave sensor adopts a PCB113B21 type pressure sensor, the resonant frequency is more than or equal to 500kHz, the nonlinearity is less than or equal to 1%, and the rise time tr≦ 1 μ s. The sensor is designed in a double-wedge-shaped disc structure, as shown in figure 4, the wedge-shaped disc plays a role in protecting the sensor, the sensor is placed in the center, and the sensitive surface of the sensor is flush with the central plane of the wedge-shaped disc. Sensor support miningThe double-wedge-shaped disc with the pressure sensor is made of a steel screw rod, is welded on the wall of the sealed tank, is fixed on the screw rod through a nut, and has the functions of height adjustment and sensor plane direction adjustment. The signal adjusting instrument is used for amplifying weak electric signals obtained by the sensor, finally transmitting the weak electric signals to the data recorder for recording and storing, the 482C05 type signal adjusting instrument is selected, the signal adjusting instrument has four signal channels in total, the output voltage range is-10V, and the low-frequency response is realized<0.05Hz, high frequency response>50 kHz. The data recorder comprises a computer and two oscilloscopes, wherein the TDS5054B type oscilloscope is selected to have four signal channels, the bandwidth is 500MHz, the maximum sampling rate is 5GS/s, and the vertical resolution is more than or equal to 8 bit.
The invention also provides an equivalent test method for the parameters of the plateau explosion shock wave, which comprises the following specific steps:
s1: carrying out high-pressure and low-pressure sealing performance tests on the low-pressure environment simulation device;
s2: dynamically calibrating the pressure sensor, and simultaneously checking the air tightness of the low-pressure environment simulation device under the explosion impact and the firmness of an internal device;
s3: selecting a charge to be tested and connecting a detonating device according to the test requirements, and sealing a low-pressure environment simulation device;
s4: adjusting the internal pressure to reach a preset altitude pressure by using a low-pressure environment simulation device;
s5: testing explosive charge through the initiation of the initiation device, collecting test data through the pressure test device, and checking the validity of the data;
s6: processing experimental data, analyzing the original waveform and extracting shock wave parameters.
In the step S1, it is important to maintain a stable pressure inside the tank for smooth testing, and rubber rings are added to the air inlet and outlet and the large valve for personnel to enter and exit, and high temperature grease is applied to ensure sealing. The device is subjected to high-pressure and low-pressure tightness tests in advance, and the main operation steps are that the air pump is started to pump air inwards, the air pressure of 200kPa is maintained for 10 minutes, the fluctuation range of the air pressure is less than 5 percent, and the high-pressure tightness is considered to be good; and starting the air pump to pump air outwards, maintaining the air pressure of 30kPa for 10 minutes, and judging that the low-pressure tightness is good, wherein the fluctuation range of the air pressure is less than 5%.
According to the GJB 6309.3-2008 standard, dynamically calibrating the sensor sensitivity by adopting a TNT explosive ball before formal testing. And simultaneously checking the air tightness of the tank body under the explosion impact and the firmness of the sensor and the bracket under the action of the shock wave.
Examples
The research range of the proportional distance with the altitude of 500m, 2500m and 4500m is 0.9-2.8 m/kg1/3The air pressures at the three altitudes are respectively 95kPa, 74kPa and 57kPa according to the propagation characteristics of shock waves. TNT medicinal balls with the specifications of 25mm (about 106g) and 35mm (about 292g) are selected, and the mass of the medicinal balls is subject to the measured data. Arranging the explosive charges and the sensors according to the position of figure 3, wherein the distance r between the No. 1-6 sensors and the explosive center is 0.60, 0.74, 0.94, 1.00, 1.15 and 1.30m, and the proportional distance z ranges from 0.9 to 2.8m/kg1/3。
During formal testing, TNT charging is installed, a detonator is arranged, a detonating device is connected, and a sealing tank is sealed; starting a vacuum pump, and adjusting the pressure in the tank body according to the reading of the pressure monitor to reach a preset altitude pressure; during detonation, a detonation signal is synchronously transmitted to the data recorder through the synchronous machine, the data recorder starts sampling, the free field sensors of all the test points obtain pressure signals, and the pressure signals are recorded in the data recorder after being processed by the signal conditioning instrument. After detonation, test data are collected, whether the position of the sensor changes or not is checked, data validity is checked, and then the test device is reset. The modified Friedlander equation is adopted to carry out fitting processing on the original waveform of the shock wave so as to reduce the influence of the shock generated by the shock on the sensor on the result, and the equation form is shown as formula (1):
wherein Δ P (t) is the overpressure time course curve, PsAt the peak of overpressure, taTo arrive at time, tdFor positive pressure action time, b is the waveform decay factor, and a typical correction curve is shown in fig. 6. Overpressure data obtained after treatment are shown in Table 1The following steps:
table 1 overpressure data for the examples of implementation
FIG. 7 is a plot of typical overpressure time courses measured at three altitude conditions. The proportional distance of 0.9-2.8 m/kg is obtained by analyzing data obtained by using a Friedlander equation correction method1/3Calculating overpressure of plateau explosion shock wave in the range by using the formula, wherein the formula is based on Sadovskyi overpressure empirical formula, and shock wave overpressure delta p and initial atmospheric pressure p under different proportional distances and air pressure conditions0The change law of the ratio of (a) to (b) and the independent variable zp0 1/3Are linked together. The formula obtained by fitting the test data of the example is shown as the formula (2):
in the formula,. DELTA.p, p0Respectively shock wave overpressure and initial atmospheric pressure, with the unit of kPa; the proportional distance z is the distance between the explosive center and the explosive mass1/3Ratio of z ═ R/W1/3R is in m and W is in kg. When different types of explosive explosion shock waves are calculated, equivalent TNT mass needs to be converted.
Table 2 gives the comparison of the experimental values with the data of the formula values derived from the pressure values of the explosive shock waves measured in a plateau environment at an altitude of 4500m, using a column TNT charge with a mass of 3.5 kg. The result given by the correction formula is very close to the field test result, and the average error is less than 3%, so that the plateau shock wave equivalent test method is proved to be effective, and the overpressure of the shock waves at different altitudes can be reversely deduced according to the experimental result. FIG. 8 presents a visual comparison of field test values to formula values.
TABLE 2 comparison of two sets of experimental values with formula values
It should be clear that: the above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, not restrictive, and any invention which does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The equivalent test system for the parameters of the plateau explosion shock waves is characterized by comprising a low-pressure environment simulation device, an initiation device, a pressure test device and test charges, wherein the low-pressure environment simulation device is used for simulating a plateau low-pressure environment, the initiation device is used for initiating the test charges arranged in the plateau low-pressure environment, and the pressure test device is used for recording pressure change data in the explosion process and analyzing the parameter data of the explosion shock waves;
the low-pressure environment simulation device comprises a sealing tank, a vacuum pump and a plurality of pressure monitors, wherein the pressure monitors are respectively arranged at an air inlet and an air outlet of the sealing tank and used for monitoring the change of the environmental pressure in the sealing tank in real time, and the vacuum pump is arranged at the air outlet and used for pumping out the gas in the sealing tank to manufacture a low-pressure environment;
the main body structure of the sealing tank is a cylindrical capsule structure with spherical surfaces at two ends;
the pressure testing device comprises a pressure sensor, a signal adjusting instrument and a data recorder, wherein the pressure sensor is used for acquiring shock wave pressure signals at the position in real time, processing the shock wave pressure signals through the signal adjusting instrument and recording and storing the shock wave pressure signals through the data recorder;
the pressure sensor is of a streamline structure with double wedge-shaped discs, the pressure sensor is placed in the center of the double wedge-shaped discs, the sensitive surface of the pressure sensor is flush with the central plane of the wedge-shaped discs, the other end of the double wedge-shaped discs provided with the pressure sensor is fixed on a sensor support through a nut, and the sensor support is welded on the wall of the sealed tank;
the test explosive is spherical explosive, the spherical explosive is cast spherical TNT explosive with the purity of more than 99.5%, the spherical explosive comprises an upper hemisphere, a lower hemisphere and a booster charge column, a round hole which is prefabricated and penetrated in the middle of the upper hemisphere is used for placing a detonator, the detonator is inserted and then filled with vacuum sealing mud, the booster charge column is placed in a prefabricated cylindrical groove in the centers of the upper hemisphere and the lower hemisphere, and the booster charge column is made of PETN.
2. The plateau explosion shock wave parameter equivalent testing system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detonation device comprises a synchronous machine, a high-voltage pulse generator and a detonator, the synchronous machine outputs two paths of synchronous signals, one path of signal is used for starting the high-voltage pulse generator to send an electric pulse to detonate the detonator so as to detonate a test charge, and the other path of signal is used for triggering the pressure testing device to record data.
3. A plateau explosion shock wave parameter equivalence test method for a plateau explosion shock wave parameter equivalence test system as claimed in at least one of claims 1-2, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: carrying out high-pressure and low-pressure sealing performance tests on the low-pressure environment simulation device;
s2: dynamically calibrating the pressure sensor, and simultaneously checking the air tightness of the low-pressure environment simulation device under the explosion impact and the firmness of an internal device;
s3: selecting a charge to be tested and connecting a detonating device according to the test requirements, and sealing a low-pressure environment simulation device;
s4: adjusting the internal pressure to reach a preset altitude pressure by using a low-pressure environment simulation device;
s5: testing explosive charge through the initiation of the initiation device, collecting test data through the pressure test device, and checking the validity of the data;
s6: processing experimental data, analyzing the original waveform and extracting shock wave parameters.
4. The plateau explosion shock wave parameter equivalent test method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the specific process of the step S1 is as follows: starting an air pump to pump air into the sealing tank, maintaining the air pressure of 200kPa for 10 minutes, and judging that the high-pressure tightness is good, wherein the fluctuation range of the air pressure is less than 5 percent; and starting the air pump to pump air out of the sealing tank, maintaining the air pressure of 30kPa for 10 minutes, and judging that the low-pressure tightness is good, wherein the fluctuation range of the air pressure is less than 5 percent.
5. The plateau explosion shock wave parameter equivalent test method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step S6, a modified Friedlander equation is used to fit the original shock wave form, and the equation form is as follows:
wherein Δ P (t) is the overpressure time course curve, PsAt the peak of overpressure, taTo arrive at time, tdThe positive pressure acting time and b is the waveform attenuation coefficient.
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| CN114894363B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-12-16 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Multi-azimuth explosion shock wave overpressure equivalent measurement device and method |
| CN116381184B (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2024-01-02 | 南京理工大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating blast multielement damage effect of plateau environment |
| CN116183164B (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-08-08 | 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 | Test system and model building method for simulating warehouse explosion |
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