CN106213509A - 一种玛咖提取物的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种玛咖提取物的制备方法,该方法是:将玛咖干燥粉碎后用盐水浸泡1~5min,然后用水洗净,再加入玛咖重量3~5倍的水,加菌种发酵,离心分离、微孔滤膜过滤除菌、滤液经连续色谱选择分离得玛咖提取物。采用本发明能提高玛咖提取物的得率,而且玛咖提取物中的有效成分玛咖酰胺和玛咖烯的总量高,提取物可根据需要添加至其他食品或饮料中,也可作为相关药物的前提或玛咖,应用广泛。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品制品领域,尤其涉及一种玛咖提取物的制备方法。
背景技术
玛咖属于独行菜属植物,是独行菜属中唯一生有肥厚的下胚轴的物种。下胚轴与根融合,形成了一个粗糙倒梨形的块根。玛咖中蛋白质含量为10%以上,59%的碳水化合物;8.5%的纤维,内含丰富的锌、钙、铁、钛、铷、钾、钠、铜、锰、镁、锶、磷、碘等矿物质,并含有维生素C、B1、B2、B6、A、E、B12、B5 ,脂肪含量不高但其中多为不饱和脂肪酸,亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量达53%以上,天然活性成份包括生物碱、芥子油苷及其分解产物异硫氰酸苄酯、甾醇、多酚类物质等。玛咖中还含有两类新的植物活性成份,玛咖酰胺(macamides)和玛咖烯(macaenes),并确定这两种物质对平衡人体荷尔蒙分泌有显著作用,所以玛咖又被称为天然荷尔蒙发动机。究者表明玛卡具有的多种药用保健价值 :增强精力、改善性功能、提高生育力、治疗更年期综合征及其相关症状、抗抑郁、抗贫血等。
现有的玛咖服用方法主要有直接食用或将玛咖加入酒或其他食品中,由于服用的用量有限,玛咖酰胺和玛咖烯摄入量不足,采用这种方法人体吸收量低,服用效果不理想。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种提取玛咖有效成分放入方法。
为达到上述目的,本发明是通过以下的技术方案来实现的。
一种玛咖提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将玛咖干燥粉碎后用盐水浸泡1~5min,然后用水洗净,再加入玛咖重量3~5倍的水,加菌种发酵;
2)将步骤1)所得发酵液离心分离,取清液备用;
3)将步骤2)所得清液经微孔滤膜过滤除菌;
4)将步骤3)所得滤液经连续色谱选择分离得玛咖提取物。
进一步地所述步骤1)中菌种的用量为玛咖重量的1~5%,发酵温度控制在26~34℃,发酵24~72小时。
进一步地所述步骤1)中菌种为嗜酸乳杆菌,干酪乳杆菌中的一种。
进一步地所述步骤1)中盐水的重量百分比浓度为0.5~1.5%,用量为玛咖重量的2~5倍。
进一步地所述步骤3)中采用孔径为0.5~1μm的微孔滤膜。
进一步地所述步骤4)中连续色谱采用大孔树脂连续色谱柱,先用体积浓度为20%乙醇除去杂质,再用体积浓度为35~45%乙醇洗脱,最后用体积浓度为50~60%乙醇洗脱,分别收集洗脱液、浓缩后静置结晶,得玛咖提取物。
进一步地所述树脂为HPD100 型或 DA201 型中的一种。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:采用本发明能提高玛咖提取物的得率,而且玛咖提取物中的有效成分玛咖酰胺和玛咖烯的总量高,提取物可根据需要添加至其他食品或饮料中,也可作为相关药物的前提或玛咖,应用广泛。
具体实施方式
下面结合实例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
以下实施例中的嗜酸乳杆菌,干酪乳杆菌的来源为江南大学。
实施例1
一种玛咖提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将挑选、清洗后的玛咖干燥、粉碎至3mm,用玛咖重量的3倍、重量百分比浓度为1.5%的盐水浸泡1min,然后用纯净水清洗3次,洗净盐水,再加入玛咖重量3倍的水,加玛咖重量3%的嗜酸乳杆菌在温度30℃密封发酵48小时;
2)将步骤1)所得发酵液在7000 r/min下离心分离,取清液备用;
3)将步骤2)所得清液经孔径为0.8μm的微孔滤膜过滤除去菌种;
4)将步骤3)所得滤液采用HPD100型大孔树脂连续色谱柱,先用体积浓度为20%乙醇除去杂质,再用体积浓度为40%乙醇洗脱,最后用体积浓度为55%乙醇洗脱,分别收集洗脱液、浓缩后静置结晶,得到玛咖提取物。
经检测,采用本方法制得的玛咖提取物中含有玛咖酰胺和玛咖烯的总量为20.13%(重量比)。
实施例2
一种玛咖提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将挑选、清洗后的玛咖干燥、粉碎至1mm,用玛咖重量的2倍、重量百分比浓度为0.5%的盐水浸泡5min,然后用纯净水清洗1次,洗净盐水,再加入玛咖重量3倍的水,加玛咖重量1%的干酪乳杆菌在温度26℃密封发酵72小时;
2)将步骤1)所得发酵液在8000 r/min下离心分离,取清液备用;
3)将步骤2)所得清液经孔径为0.5μm的微孔滤膜过滤除去菌种;
4)将步骤3)所得滤液采用DA201 型大孔树脂连续色谱柱,先用体积浓度为20%乙醇除去杂质,再用体积浓度为35%乙醇洗脱,最后用体积浓度为50%乙醇洗脱,分别收集洗脱液、浓缩后静置结晶,得到玛咖提取物。
经检测,采用本方法制得的玛咖提取物中含有玛咖酰胺和玛咖烯的总量为21.06%(重量比)。
实施例3
一种玛咖提取物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将挑选、清洗后的玛咖干燥、粉碎至5mm,用玛咖重量的5倍、重量百分比浓度为1.5%的盐水浸泡1min,然后用纯净水清洗3次,洗净盐水,再加入玛咖重量2倍的水,加玛咖重量5%的嗜酸乳杆菌在温度34℃密封发酵24小时;
2)将步骤1)所得发酵液在5000 r/min下离心分离,取清液备用;
3)将步骤2)所得清液经孔径为1μm的微孔滤膜过滤除去菌种;
4)将步骤3)所得滤液采用HPD100型大孔树脂连续色谱柱,先用体积浓度为20%乙醇除去杂质,再用体积浓度为45%乙醇洗脱,最后用体积浓度为60%乙醇洗脱,分别收集洗脱液、浓缩后静置结晶,得到玛咖提取物。
经检测,采用本方法制得的玛咖提取物中含有玛咖酰胺和玛咖烯的总量为20.37%(重量比)。
本发明按照上述实施例进行了说明,应当理解,上述实施例不以任何形式限定本发明,凡采用等同替换或等效变换方式所获得的技术方案,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种玛咖提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将玛咖干燥粉碎后用盐水浸泡1~5min,然后用水洗净,再加入玛咖重量3~5倍的水,加菌种发酵;
2)将步骤1)所得发酵液离心分离,取清液备用;
3)将步骤2)所得清液经微孔滤膜过滤除菌;
4)将步骤3)所得滤液经连续色谱选择分离得玛咖提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种玛咖提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中菌种的用量为玛咖重量的1~5%,发酵温度控制在26~34℃,发酵24~72小时。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种玛咖提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中菌种为嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种玛咖提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中盐水的重量百分比浓度为0.5~1.5%,用量为玛咖重量的2~5倍。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种玛咖提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3)中采用孔径为0.5~1μm的微孔滤膜。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种玛咖提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤4)中连续色谱采用大孔树脂连续色谱柱,先用体积浓度为20%乙醇除去杂质,再用体积浓度为35~45%乙醇洗脱,最后用体积浓度为50~60%乙醇洗脱,分别收集洗脱液、浓缩后静置结晶。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种玛咖提取物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述树脂为HPD100型或 DA201 型中的一种。
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