CN106212380B - A kind of Small-fat-tail sheep selects excellent method of purification - Google Patents
A kind of Small-fat-tail sheep selects excellent method of purification Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Small-fat-tail sheeps to select excellent method of purification, it selects appropriate number of level-one stud ram and appropriate number of level-one ewe to set up Small-fat-tail sheep breeding underlying group first, breeding underlying group one is selected, each not to be re-introduced into kind of a sheep from generation to generation, carries out locking breeding；A certain number of G are selected and remain from the next generation bred in breeding underlying group1For ram and G1Godmother sheep；G1Once godmother's sheep heat, random selection comes from G0One sperm breeding in the stud ram in generation, does not limit the inbreeding of any degree；From G2A certain number of Small-fat-tail sheep rams and ewe are selected and remain in generation, for the sheep obtained by above step only with the sheep of underlying group, constitute Small-fat-tail sheep together selects excellent and purification group.Advantages of the present invention: using the Small-fat-tail sheep of method breeding of the invention, faster compared with conventional method, consistency, the kind of population are improved the genetic progress of Specific character with performance, and Seed practical value gets a promotion between the generation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to herding breeding fields more particularly to a kind of Small-fat-tail sheep to select excellent method of purification.
Background technique
In mutton sheep production, " hybrid vigour " refers to the hybridization between different meat sheep varieties, strain or monoid, and offspring exists
Viability, growth potential and production performance etc. are more than the offspring of parent's pure breeding group.But hybridization not necessarily hybridizes excellent
Gesture, hybrid vigour power is also related with the performance of parent itself and hereditary homozygosity in addition to the genetic distance certainly between parent, with
The hybrid parent group selection of (male parent, female parent), parent flock select it is excellent with purify, related, the factors above such as the selection of Crossing system
Direct influence all is played on crossbreeding effect.Wherein, hybrid Population it is pure with it is impure, the influence to crossbreeding effect is extremely huge.
Domestic animal kind is generally distributed more widely, variation is larger, so that its Purification be made to be difficult to be made ideal.And population is impure, hybridization effect
Fruit is impossible to ideal, specific manifestation are as follows: (1) gene frequency difference between population is impossible to too big, and hybrid vigour can not
Significantly；(1) consistency of hybrid is poor, cannot reach the normalization of commodity；(3) measurement of coordinate force is difficult to accurately and reliably；
(4) crossbreeding effect is unstable, it is impossible to accomplish it is planned, there is pre- insight to carry out heterosis utilization work；(5) individual seed selection choosing
With especially bothersome, a possibility that mistake choosing, mispairing, is very big.Therefore, parent is purer, and the advantage of filial generation is more obvious, and consistency is cured
It is good.In animal breeding, selects and excellent refer to improving the flat of hybrid parent group major traits by for many generations selecting defect individual
It is horizontal, achieve the purpose that improve general combining ability.The method that purification refers to adding by inbreeding selection improves parental population
Genetic similarity between hereditary homozygosity and individual.
Small-fat-tail sheep is China or even fur coat famous in the world, meat dual-purpose kind, has mature early, early growth and development
Fastly, physique is tall and big, with good meat quality, and four seasons heat, reproductive capacity is strong, the characteristics such as genetic stability.Production performance: with the Shandong Province west and south
For the produced Small-fat-tail sheep in area, weight average one full year of life ram is 65 kilograms, and ewe is 46 kilograms；The ram that grows up is 95,000
Gram, ewe is 49 kilograms.Clip is averaged 3.5 kilograms of ram, 2 kilograms of ewe；Early sexual maturity, 5-6 months can with regard to heat current year
Lambing lambing percentage 260-270%.But the Small-fat-tail sheep population of current various regions, due to the breeding of long-term lacking systematic science, production
There is different degrees of degeneration in performance and Seed practical value, are embodied in that shirtfront is undeveloped, and body body is narrow, and rear quarters is not plentiful,
Meat figure is not good enough.Although Small-fat-tail sheep relative growth rate is very fast, low dressing percentage is its clearly disadvantageous place.
Many researchers think that carrying out two-way cross with Small-fat-tail sheep for parent is to improve Mutton yield, Development of Mutton Sheep
The effective measures of production.But the effect of the crossing performance Small-fat-tail sheep of various regions shows the crossing performance value of Small-fat-tail sheep much
Lower than theory expectation.One of them important reason is that selecting for Small-fat-tail sheep group is excellent inadequate with purification, and the kind of group is caused to be used
Performance decline, influences the effect of crossing performance.The present invention is according to the biological characteristics and the small tail of various regions crossing performance of Small-fat-tail sheep
The achievements and experiences lesson that cold sheep obtains, according to animal breeding principle and animal productiong specification, invented it is a kind of select it is excellent purify it is small
The technology of the cold sheep of tail.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem, provides a kind of method for selecting excellent purification Small-fat-tail sheep, utilizes this hair
The Small-fat-tail sheep of bright method breeding, consistency, the kind of population are improved with performance, and crossing performance effect is significantly mentioned
It rises.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of Small-fat-tail sheep selects excellent method of purification,
Include the following steps:
(1) set up Small-fat-tail sheep breeding underlying group: selection Small-fat-tail sheep stud ram N only, selects Small-fat-tail sheep ewe Y only,
Form breeding underlying group, wherein Y is X times of N, and N and X are the natural number greater than 2；Selected stud ram is 3~5 years old age, comes
From the individual more than triplet or triplet, and selected ram need to meet the following conditions: interval adopts the stud ram in 3 days in one week
Essence twice when, semen volume be not less than 1.2 milliliters, 60% or more sperm motility, density be every milliliter of sperm reach hundred million essences of 20-40
The appearance traits of son, rate of teratosperm≤15%, the stud ram are close, between each other without genetic connection；Selected ewe is
Age 4-5 years old, 10 lambs of sheep or more are produced every time continuous 4 times, wean survives 9 lambs or more, and no genetic defect offspring is born record；Breeding
Underlying group one is selected, each not to be re-introduced into kind of a sheep from generation to generation, carries out locking breeding；
(2) selection:
A, divide group: the every X of ewe is only a family, and Y ewe forms N number of family altogether, N number of family once it is determined that,
It is not allow for the exchange of sheep only between each other；In any one family, avoids the individual having relationship by blood while occurring, ram, mother
Sheep is separately raised, and artificial insemination is implemented in breeding；It is bred in 1 family by the sperm of 1 stud ram, this is defined as G from generation to generation0Generation；
B, each family equivalent is reserved seed for planting: G0The next generation in generation is denoted as G1Generation, the G of each stud ram1For staying a public affairs in ram
Sheep selects and remain standard as standby stud ram, standby stud ram are as follows: selects and remain G using composite index law1For ram: each family 1
Only, only, specific way is N number of total N of family, respectively in N number of family, calculates the comprehensive choosing of all rams of participating in evaluation and electing in family
Index is selected, the highest ram of index value in each family is reserved seed for planting；When calculating using composite index law, following 3 indexs are selected: just
Life is heavy, testis encloses, bust；
G0It is selected and remain according to the standard of independent culling method for the next generation of each breeding ewe of each family, G1Godmother
Sheep selects and remain standard specifically: hip width when bust when birth weight, 6 monthly age and 6 monthly age is flat in the individual that all participates in evaluation and electing
On mean value；Ewe that is all while meeting three above standard is selected, and those who do not meet eliminate, if each family meets independence
The ewe number of culling level be more than X only, birth weight is subject to, X before selecting and remain；
c、G1Generation breeding and G2It is selected and remain for individual:
Implement random grouping artificial insemination breeding: from the G of N number of family1Once godmother's sheep heat, random selection N is only
From G0One sperm breeding in the stud ram in generation, does not limit the inbreeding of any degree；
G2Godmother sheep selects and remain quantity and method and G0Godmother sheep select and remain quantity and method is identical, G2For selecting and remain for ram
For based on all G2Top N is selected and remain according to the sequence of index value from high to low for the composite index score of ram, use is comprehensive
When hop index method calculates, the index of selection are as follows: birth weight, testis enclose, bust；
The G2In generation, refers to G1The next generation in generation；The birth weight is the connatae weight of lamb, unit kg；The testis
Ball, which encloses, refers to one year old ram testis scrotum perimeter, measurement site maximum in the middle part of testis scrotum, the measurement of moccasin ruler, unit li
Rice；The bust is shoulder blade rear end, around one week length of chest, unit centimetre；Between the hip width refers to that two hipbones are prominent
Linear distance；
(3) for the sheep obtained by above step only with the sheep of underlying group, constitute Small-fat-tail sheep together selects excellent and purification
Group.
At the end of selecting excellent method of purification breeding using Small-fat-tail sheep of the invention, the stud ram of group is 3N, and breeding is female
Sheep about 3Y is only.The important production traits of group is improved, and appearance traits are almost the same, and hereditary homozygosity gets a promotion, to open
The utilization of exhibition heterosis, hybrid vigor is had laid a good foundation.The present invention is according to the biological characteristics and various regions crossing performance of Small-fat-tail sheep
The achievements and experiences lesson that Small-fat-tail sheep obtains, according to animal breeding principle and animal productiong specification, utilizes modern animal breeding
Principle has invented a kind of technical method for selecting excellent purification Small-fat-tail sheep for the biological characteristics and the market demand of Small-fat-tail sheep,
By this method, the community average, of the important economical trait such as Growth Traits of Small-fat-tail sheep group can be effectively improved
Evenness and hereditary homozygosity improve the crossing performance value of Small-fat-tail sheep.
Preferably, the N be more than or equal to 4 and be less than or equal to 6 natural number, the X be more than or equal to 15 and be less than etc.
In 25 natural number.
Preferably, the N is 5, Y 100, X 20.
Preferably, the N is 4, Y 88, X 22.
Preferably, the N is 6, Y 90, X 15.
Some vocabularies of terms related to the present invention:
General combining ability: after referring to a certain parental breed and other several mixing breeds, magazine offspring is quantitative at some
The average value showed on shape.
Independent culling method: referring in the selection course of animal, the several characters of simultaneous selection, respectively provides minimum standard, only
There is a character not up to standard, that is, gives superseded.This method is simple and easy, can receive the effect for improving selection effect comprehensively.But this
Kind of method choice as a result, be easy not reach some only individual characters into standard, and all outstanding individual of other aspects is washed in a pan
It eliminates, and selects and remain the often each character got off and all show medium individual.This method is the disadvantage is that each character economically
The height of importance and genetic force is all not given to consider.
Index selection method: referring to while several characters to be selected are scored or weighted respectively (weighting system by its degree
Number method).And scoring each character or weighted value addition obtain total score or total weighted value, it is alternatively that index, most index
High individual selects and remain kind of a use, remaining is eliminated.Index selection method is selected according to multiple selection index.This index is to answer
With number genetics principle, the phenotypic number for several characters that will be selected, according to its genetic force, significant levels economically and property
Phenotype between shape is related and heredity is concerned with and one of formulation can make the numerical value being compared to each other between individual, then determines by exponential size
Determine selecting and remain for animal.
In index selection method, the calculation formula of index is selected to be:
WiIt is the economic weight of i-th of character；
h2 iIt is the hereditary weighted value (genetic force) of i-th of character；
PiIt is the individual phenotypic number of i-th of character；
It is group's mean value of i-th of character；
I is multiple selection index.
It is convenient by comparison when in order to select, the index of each trait phenotypes mean value can be set to 100, method is by formula
Multiplied by a cross-over value a, make I=100, it may be assumed that
WhenThen:
Enable a1=aW1h2 1, a2=aW2h2 2..., an=aWnh2 n, then
Small-fat-tail sheep is the Local Excellent kind of Shandong Province.Any domestic animal kind, due to natural selection and artificial choosing
The antagonistic effect selected, as long as artificially breeding improper measures, production performance and adaptability of kind etc. will appear decline.It is existing
Select excellent purification technique, generally mainly by it is traditional strong according to the appearance traits of sheep whether equal assortative matings individual and carry out
Apolegamy, lacks specific selection traits, also lacks specific selection criteria, dare not utilize inbreeding, the accuracy of seed selection is not high, generation
Genetic progress is slow between generation, and variety purification effect is not significant.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention utilizes modern animal breeding principle, for small tail
The biological characteristics and the market demand of cold sheep have invented a kind of technical method for selecting excellent purification Small-fat-tail sheep.This method for it is public,
Ewe has specific different selection traits, and the selection of male and female sheep is all made of index selection method, and the kind of male and female sheep is used
Performance is quantified, and the accuracy of seed selection is improved；Secondly, this technology allows inbreeding appropriate to promote gene in apolegamy
Homozygosis, effectively increase community average, the uniformity of the important economical trait such as Growth Traits of Small-fat-tail sheep group
With hereditary homozygosity, it is significant that breed selection purifies effect.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment below facilitates a better understanding of the present invention, but does not limit the present invention.Experiment in following embodiments
Method is unless otherwise specified conventional method.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Small-fat-tail sheep selects excellent method of purification, including the following steps:
(1) set up Small-fat-tail sheep breeding underlying group: selection Small-fat-tail sheep stud ram 5 selects Small-fat-tail sheep ewe 100
Only, breeding underlying group is formed；Selected stud ram is 3~5 years old age, the individual more than triplet or triplet, and selected public affairs
Sheep need to meet the following conditions: in one week interval 3 days to the stud ram semen collection twice when, semen volume is not less than 1.2 milliliters, sperm
60% or more vigor, density are that every milliliter of sperm reaches hundred million sperms of 20-40, rate of teratosperm≤15%, and the stud ram
Appearance traits it is close, between each other without genetic connection；Selected ewe be the age 4-5 year old, continuous 4 times every time production 10 lambs of sheep with
On, wean survives 9 lambs or more, and no genetic defect offspring, which is born, to be recorded；Breeding underlying group one is selected, each not to be re-introduced into from generation to generation
Kind sheep carries out locking breeding；
(2) selection:
A, divide group: the ewe every 20 are a family, and 100 ewes form 5 familys altogether, and 5 familys are once true
It is fixed, it is not allow for the exchange of sheep only between each other；In any one family, avoids the individual having relationship by blood while occurring, ram,
Ewe is separately raised, and artificial insemination is implemented in breeding；It is bred in 1 family by the sperm of 1 stud ram, this is defined as G from generation to generation0
Generation.
B, each family equivalent is reserved seed for planting: G0The next generation in generation is denoted as G1Generation, the G of each stud ram1For leaving one in ram
Ram selects and remain standard as standby stud ram, standby stud ram are as follows: selects and remain G using composite index law1For ram: each family
1,5 familys totally 5, specific way is, respectively in 5 familys, calculates the synthesis of all rams of participating in evaluation and electing in family
Index is selected, the highest ram of index value in each family is reserved seed for planting；When calculating using composite index law, following 3 indexs are selected:
Birth weight, testis enclose, bust；
G0It is selected and remain according to the standard of independent culling method for the next generation of each breeding ewe of each family, G1Godmother
Sheep selects and remain standard specifically: hip width when bust when birth weight, 6 monthly age and 6 monthly age is flat in the individual that all participates in evaluation and electing
On mean value；Ewe that is all while meeting three above standard is selected, and those who do not meet eliminate, if each family meets independence
The ewe number of culling level is more than 20, is subject to birth weight, selects and remain first 20, eliminates the ewe that no offspring is selected and remain；
c、G1Generation breeding and G2It is selected and remain for individual:
Implement random grouping artificial insemination breeding: from the G of 5 familys1Once godmother's sheep heat randomly chooses 5
From G0One sperm breeding in the stud ram in generation, does not limit the inbreeding of any degree, in favor of promoting group comparatively fast pure
It closes；
G2Godmother sheep selects and remain quantity and method and G0Godmother sheep select and remain quantity and method is identical, G2For selecting and remain for ram
For based on all G2First 5 are selected and remain, using synthesis according to decision queue from high to low for the composite index score of ram
When index method calculates, select following 3 indexs: birth weight, testis enclose, bust；
The G2In generation, refers to G1The next generation in generation；The birth weight is the connatae weight of lamb, unit kg；The testis
Ball, which encloses, refers to one year old ram testis scrotum perimeter, and testis is enclosed measure in mating season, and testis metabolism is vigorous at this time,
Measurement site maximum in the middle part of testis scrotum, the measurement of moccasin ruler, unit centimetre；The bust is shoulder blade rear end, surrounds chest
The one week length in portion, unit centimetre；The hip width refer to two hipbones it is prominent between linear distance；
(3) for the sheep obtained by above step only with the sheep of underlying group, constitute Small-fat-tail sheep together selects excellent and purification
Group.
At this point, the stud ram of group is 15, ewe about 300 are bred.The important production traits of group is improved, body
Type appearance is almost the same, and hereditary homozygosity gets a promotion, and haves laid a good foundation to carry out the utilization of heterosis, hybrid vigor.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Small-fat-tail sheep selects excellent method of purification, including the following steps:
(1) set up Small-fat-tail sheep breeding underlying group: selection Small-fat-tail sheep stud ram 4 selects Small-fat-tail sheep ewe 88,
Form breeding underlying group；Selected stud ram is 3~5 years old age, the individual more than triplet or triplet, and selected ram needs
Meet the following conditions: in one week interval 3 days to the stud ram semen collection twice when, semen volume is not less than 1.2 milliliters, sperm motility
60% or more, density is that every milliliter of sperm reaches hundred million sperms of 20-40, rate of teratosperm≤15%, and the body of the stud ram
Type appearance is close, between each other without genetic connection；Selected ewe is the age 4-5 years old, it is more than continuous 4 times each production 10 lambs of sheep,
Wean survives 9 lambs or more, and no genetic defect offspring, which is born, to be recorded；Breeding underlying group one is selected, each not to be re-introduced into kind from generation to generation
Sheep carries out locking breeding；
(2) selection:
A, divide group: the ewe every 22 are a family, and 88 ewes form 4 familys altogether, and 4 familys are once true
It is fixed, it is not allow for the exchange of sheep only between each other；In any one family, avoids the individual having relationship by blood while occurring, ram,
Ewe is separately raised, and artificial insemination is implemented in breeding；It is bred in 1 family by the sperm of 1 stud ram, this is defined as G from generation to generation0
Generation.
B, each family equivalent is reserved seed for planting: G0The next generation in generation is denoted as G1Generation, the G of each stud ram1For leaving one in ram
Ram selects and remain standard as standby stud ram, standby stud ram are as follows: selects and remain G using composite index law1For ram: each family
1,4 familys totally 4, specific way is, respectively in 4 familys, calculates the synthesis of all rams of participating in evaluation and electing in family
Index is selected, the highest ram of index value in each family is reserved seed for planting；When calculating using composite index law, following 3 indexs are selected:
Birth weight, testis enclose, bust；
G0It is selected and remain according to the standard of independent culling method for the next generation of each breeding ewe of each family, G1Godmother
Sheep selects and remain standard specifically: hip width when bust when birth weight, 6 monthly age and 6 monthly age is flat in the individual that all participates in evaluation and electing
On mean value；Ewe that is all while meeting three above standard is selected, and those who do not meet eliminate, if each family meets independence
The ewe number of culling level is more than 22, is subject to birth weight, selects and remain first 22, eliminates the ewe that no offspring is selected and remain；
c、G1Generation breeding and G2It is selected and remain for individual:
Implement random grouping artificial insemination breeding: from the G of 4 familys1Once godmother's sheep heat randomly chooses 4
From G0One sperm breeding in the stud ram in generation, does not limit the inbreeding of any degree, in favor of promoting group comparatively fast pure
It closes；
G2Godmother sheep selects and remain quantity and method and G0Godmother sheep select and remain quantity and method is identical, G2For selecting and remain for ram
For based on all G2First 4 are selected and remain, using synthesis according to decision queue from high to low for the composite index score of ram
When index method calculates, select following 3 indexs: birth weight, testis enclose, bust；
The G2In generation, refers to G1The next generation in generation；The birth weight is the connatae weight of lamb, unit kg；The testis
Ball, which encloses, refers to one year old ram testis scrotum perimeter, and testis is enclosed measure in mating season, and testis metabolism is vigorous at this time,
Measurement site maximum in the middle part of testis scrotum, the measurement of moccasin ruler, unit centimetre；The bust is shoulder blade rear end, surrounds chest
The one week length in portion, unit centimetre；The hip width refer to two hipbones it is prominent between linear distance；
(3) for the sheep obtained by above step only with the sheep of underlying group, constitute Small-fat-tail sheep together selects excellent and purification
Group.
At this point, the stud ram of group is 12, ewe about 264 are bred.The important production traits of group is improved, body
Type appearance is almost the same, and hereditary homozygosity gets a promotion, and haves laid a good foundation to carry out the utilization of heterosis, hybrid vigor.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Small-fat-tail sheep selects excellent method of purification, including the following steps:
(1) set up Small-fat-tail sheep breeding underlying group: selection Small-fat-tail sheep stud ram 6 selects Small-fat-tail sheep ewe 90,
Form breeding underlying group；Selected stud ram is 3~5 years old age, the individual more than triplet or triplet, and selected ram needs
Meet the following conditions: in one week interval 3 days to the stud ram semen collection twice when, semen volume is not less than 1.2 milliliters, sperm motility
60% or more, density is that every milliliter of sperm reaches hundred million sperms of 20-40, rate of teratosperm≤15%, and the body of the stud ram
Type appearance is close, between each other without genetic connection；Selected ewe is the age 4-5 years old, it is more than continuous 4 times each production 10 lambs of sheep,
Wean survives 9 lambs or more, and no genetic defect offspring, which is born, to be recorded；Breeding underlying group one is selected, each not to be re-introduced into kind from generation to generation
Sheep carries out locking breeding；
(2) selection:
A, divide group: the ewe 15 are a family, and 90 ewes form 6 familys altogether, 6 familys once it is determined that,
It is not allow for the exchange of sheep only between each other；In any one family, avoids the individual having relationship by blood while occurring, ram, mother
Sheep is separately raised, and artificial insemination is implemented in breeding；It is bred in 1 family by the sperm of 1 stud ram, this is defined as G from generation to generation0Generation.
B, each family equivalent is reserved seed for planting: G0The next generation in generation is denoted as G1Generation, the G of each stud ram1For leaving one in ram
Ram selects and remain standard as standby stud ram, standby stud ram are as follows: selects and remain G using composite index law1For ram: each family
1,6 familys totally 6, specific way is, respectively in 6 familys, calculates the synthesis of all rams of participating in evaluation and electing in family
Index is selected, the highest ram of index value in each family is reserved seed for planting；When calculating using composite index law, following 3 indexs are selected:
Birth weight, testis enclose, bust；
G0It is selected and remain according to the standard of independent culling method for the next generation of each breeding ewe of each family, G1Godmother
Sheep selects and remain standard specifically: hip width when bust when birth weight, 6 monthly age and 6 monthly age is flat in the individual that all participates in evaluation and electing
On mean value；Ewe that is all while meeting three above standard is selected, and those who do not meet eliminate, if each family meets independence
The ewe number of culling level is more than 15, is subject to birth weight, selects and remain first 15, eliminates the ewe that no offspring is selected and remain；
c、G1Generation breeding and G2It is selected and remain for individual:
Implement random grouping artificial insemination breeding: from the G of 6 familys1Once godmother's sheep heat randomly chooses 6
From G0One sperm breeding in the stud ram in generation, does not limit the inbreeding of any degree, in favor of promoting group comparatively fast pure
It closes；
G2Godmother sheep selects and remain quantity and method and G0Godmother sheep select and remain quantity and method is identical, G2For selecting and remain for ram
For based on all G2First 6 are selected and remain, using synthesis according to decision queue from high to low for the composite index score of ram
When index method calculates, select following 3 indexs: birth weight, testis enclose, bust；
The G2In generation, refers to G1The next generation in generation；The birth weight is the connatae weight of lamb, unit kg；The testis
Ball, which encloses, refers to one year old ram testis scrotum perimeter, and testis is enclosed measure in mating season, and testis metabolism is vigorous at this time,
Measurement site maximum in the middle part of testis scrotum, the measurement of moccasin ruler, unit centimetre；The bust is shoulder blade rear end, surrounds chest
The one week length in portion, unit centimetre；The hip width refer to two hipbones it is prominent between linear distance；
(3) for the sheep obtained by above step only with the sheep of underlying group, constitute Small-fat-tail sheep together selects excellent and purification
Group.
At this point, the stud ram of group is 18, ewe about 270 are bred.The important production traits of group is improved, body
Type appearance is almost the same, and hereditary homozygosity gets a promotion, and haves laid a good foundation to carry out the utilization of heterosis, hybrid vigor.
Composite index law calculation method:
Example: certain crowd of Small-fat-tail sheep birth weight average out to 2.0kg, one full year of life ram testis enclose average out to 26cm, bust average out to
110cm, their genetic force is respectively 0.25,0.40,0.50, according to breeding objective and Economic Importance, three individual characteies given
" power " number of shape is respectively 0.40,0.40,0.20.The birth weight (kg) of this group of sheep is ordered in trial-production, testis encloses (cm), bust (cm) three
The selection index of a character.
Step 1 calculates a value
W1Indicate the weighting of first character, W2Indicate the weighting of second individual character shape, W3Indicate the weighting of third character.
h1 2Indicate the genetic force of first character, h2 2Indicate the genetic force of second individual character shape, h3 2: indicate the genetic force of third character.
A value (277.78) is proportionately distributed to three characters by step 2, finds out a1, a2 and a3 respectively,
A1=aW1h2 1=277.78 × 0.4 × 0.25=27.78
A2=aW2h2 2=277.78 × 0.4 × 0.4=44.44
A3=aW3h2 3=277.78 × 0.5 × 0.2=27.78
Step 3 calculates selection index general formula, by aiValue substitutes into formula
Step 4 calculates the I value of individual, that is, the composite index value of all evaluation individuals.Every sheep to be determined
Corresponding character phenotypic number, be directly substituted into composite index computation formula above, the index of every sheep can be obtained；Then,
Ranking is discharged by exponential size, according to sheep number of reserving seed for planting number, determine and reserve seed for planting ranking.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvement can also be made, these improvement should be regarded as guarantor of the invention
Protect range.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of Small-fat-tail sheep selects excellent method of purification, it is characterised in that: include the following steps:
(1) set up Small-fat-tail sheep breeding underlying group: selection Small-fat-tail sheep stud ram N only, selects Small-fat-tail sheep ewe Y only, composition
Breeding underlying group, wherein Y is X times of N, and N and X are the natural number greater than 2；Selected stud ram be 3~5 years old age, from
Individual more than triplet or triplet, and selected stud ram need to meet the following conditions: 3 days are spaced in one week to the stud ram semen collection
When twice, semen volume is not less than 1.2 milliliters, and 60% or more sperm motility, density is that every milliliter of sperm reaches hundred million essences of 20-40
The appearance traits of son, rate of teratosperm≤15%, the stud ram are close, between each other without genetic connection；Selected ewe is
Age 4-5 years old, 10 lambs of sheep or more are produced every time continuous 4 times, wean survives 9 lambs or more, and no genetic defect offspring is born record；Breeding
Underlying group one is selected, each not to be re-introduced into kind of a sheep from generation to generation, carries out locking breeding；
(2) selection:
A, divide group: the every X of ewe is only a family, and Y ewe forms N number of family altogether, N number of family once it is determined that, mutually
Between be not allow for sheep only exchange；In any one family, avoids the individual having relationship by blood while occurring, ram, ewe point
Raising is opened, artificial insemination is implemented in breeding；It is bred in 1 family by the sperm of 1 stud ram, this is defined as G from generation to generation0Generation；
B, each family equivalent is reserved seed for planting: G0The next generation in generation is denoted as G1Generation, the G of each stud ram1For staying ram to make in ram
For standby stud ram, standby stud ram selects and remain standard are as follows: selects and remain G using composite index law1For ram: each family 1, N
Only, specific way is a total N of family, and respectively in N number of family, the comprehensive selection for calculating all rams of participating in evaluation and electing in family refers to
Number, the highest ram of index value in each family is reserved seed for planting；When calculating using composite index law, following 3 indexs are selected: nascent
It weighs, testis encloses, bust；
G0It is selected and remain according to the standard of independent culling method for the next generation of each breeding ewe of each family, G1Godmother sheep
Select and remain standard specifically: hip width when bust when birth weight, 6 monthly age and 6 monthly age is in the individual average values that all participate in evaluation and electing
On；Ewe that is all while meeting three above standard is selected, and those who do not meet eliminate, if each family meets independent eliminate
The ewe number of standard be more than X only, birth weight is subject to, X before selecting and remain；
c、G1Generation breeding and G2It is selected and remain for individual:
Implement random grouping artificial insemination breeding: from the G of N number of family1Once godmother's sheep heat, random selection N only is from G0
One sperm breeding in the stud ram in generation, does not limit the inbreeding of any degree；
G2Godmother sheep selects and remain quantity and method and G0Godmother sheep select and remain quantity and method is identical, G2For selecting and remain as base for ram
In all G2Top N is selected and remain according to the sequence of index value from high to low for the composite index score of ram, is referred to using synthesis
When number methods calculate, the index of selection are as follows: birth weight, testis enclose, bust；
The G2In generation, refers to G1The next generation in generation；The birth weight is the connatae weight of lamb, unit kg；The testis encloses
Refer to one year old ram testis scrotum perimeter, measurement site maximum in the middle part of testis scrotum, the measurement of moccasin ruler, unit centimetre；
The bust is shoulder blade rear end, around one week length of chest, unit centimetre；The hip width refer to two hipbones it is prominent between it is straight
Linear distance；
(3) for the sheep obtained by above step only with the sheep of underlying group, constitute Small-fat-tail sheep together selects excellent and purification group.
2. Small-fat-tail sheep according to claim 1 selects excellent method of purification, it is characterised in that: the N is more than or equal to 4 and small
In the natural number for being equal to 6, the X is the natural number more than or equal to 15 and less than or equal to 25.
3. Small-fat-tail sheep according to claim 1 selects excellent method of purification, it is characterised in that: the N is 5, Y 100, and X is
20。
4. Small-fat-tail sheep according to claim 1 selects excellent method of purification, it is characterised in that: the N is 4, Y 88, and X is
22。
5. Small-fat-tail sheep according to claim 1 selects excellent method of purification, it is characterised in that: the N is 6, Y 90, and X is
15。
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