CN106212371A - 一种巴马香种猪的养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种巴马香种猪的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于家畜养殖技术领域,具体公开了一种巴马香种猪的养殖方法,结合巴马香种猪的周龄和体重,在相应的阶段,按一定规律和重量饲喂饲料A或饲料B与饮用水;且对于2月龄以内的巴马香种猪,每次饲喂后都将其放养至猪舍的运动区。其中,饲料A由能量饲料、中草药添加剂、贝壳粉、松树粉、水、EM菌原露、红糖和食盐按一定重量份比制成;饲料B由能量饲料、青饲料、中草药添加剂、贝壳粉、松树粉、水、EM菌原露、红糖和食盐按一定重量份计制成;饮用水由水、EM菌原露和红糖按一定重量份比制成。本发明的方法科学简便,易于实施,且明显提高了饲料的利用率和营养价值,增强了猪的抗病能力,减少了猪呼吸道、胃肠道等疾病的发生。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及家畜养殖技术领域,具体涉及一种巴马香种猪的养殖方法。
【背景技术】
巴马香猪来源于土猪,源产于广西巴马瑶族自治县,被誉为猪类的“名门贵族”,因其骨细皮酥,肉质细嫩,外地人食之甚感鲜香,逐传名为“香猪”。巴马香猪性野早熟,外貌清秀,体型矮、小、短、圆,饲养粗放,适应性和抗病能力强;且其皮薄肉细、胴体瘦肉多、肌肉鲜红、肌纤维细嫩、脂肪洁白、味美甘香、营养丰富、胜似山珍野味--果子狸,烹调时不添加任何佐料也香气扑鼻,素有“一家煮肉四邻香”的美誉。
至今为止巴马香猪的养殖方法各种各样,大多是通过改变饲料的成分,调节饲料的用量来达到目的。而巴马香猪一般在出生后10天左右就开始喂食少量的饲料,到20天左右断乳,开始全部喂食饲料,断乳后,供生长发育的营养物质发生了变化,引起生理方面变化很大,抵抗力和免疫力降低,容易发病,需要配置营养合理的饲料进行饲喂,但是目前市场上出售的乳猪饲料品种繁多,大多数饲料都添加了各种添加剂,如抗生素、化学合成药和激素等,喂养出来的猪肉质疏松、水分多、口感差、发病率高、瘦肉率低,且猪肉中有药物残留,人类食用后不利于人类健康。
【发明内容】
本发明的发明目的在于:针对上述存在的问题,提供一种巴马香种猪的养猪方法。本发明的方法采用EM菌发酵饲料,且在饲料中添加了天然绿色的中草药,不仅可以提高巴马香种猪的食欲,提高饲料转化率,而且改善了猪体内的环境,增强了猪的抗病能力,大大减少了各种疾病的发生率;另外,还同时降低了猪肉中脂肪、胆固醇含量,使肉质更鲜美香醇,是真正属于市场需求大的无公害绿色食品。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种巴马香种猪的养殖方法,对于4周龄以内,且体重在18kg以内的巴马香种猪,用饲料A进行喂食,4次/天,每次喂食0.2-0.6kg,且每次喂食后都喂饮用水0.6-1.2kg;对于4周龄以上,且体重在18kg以上的巴马香种猪,用饲料B进行饲喂,4次/天,每次饲喂0.8-1.5kg,且每次喂食后都喂饮用水2.4-3kg;且对于2月龄以内的巴马香种猪,每次饲喂后都将其放养至猪舍的运动区;
所述饲料A包括以下重量份的原料组分:能量饲料185份、中草药添加剂4份、贝壳粉2份、松树粉1份、水37份、EM菌原露0.18份、红糖0.15份和食盐0.3份;
所述饲料B包括以下重量份的原料组分:能量饲料130份、青饲料190份、中草药添加剂9份、贝壳粉3份、松树粉2份、水44份、EM菌原露0.45份、红糖0.36份和食盐0.7份;
所述饮用水由水50份、EM菌原露0.1份和红糖0.1份经过充分混合后密封,在阴凉处放置48个小时后得到。
在本发明中,进一步的,所述中草药添加剂由黄芪17份、马齿苋17份、大青叶15份、白芍13份、茯苓12份、芡实12份、山药11份、沙参9份、天冬7份、肉桂6份和莲子3份,经过干燥、粗粉碎过筛80目后,混合均匀制成。
在本发明中,进一步的,所述能量饲料由豆腐渣105份、麦皮66份和黄豆粉48份,经过粗粉碎过筛50目后,搅拌至混合均匀制成。
在本发明中,进一步的,所述青饲料由红萝卜70份、红薯叶56份、白菜56份和青贮玉米秸秆50份,分别经过粗粉碎过筛50目后,搅拌至混合均匀制成。
在本发明中,进一步的,所述饲料A或饲料B由以下具体步骤制成:
(1)按相应的重量份计,先用适量热水将红糖完全溶解制成糖水,待糖水温度降为40℃时,兑上EM菌原露,搅拌至混合均匀后密封,在20℃下存放24小时后,加入剩余的水进行稀释,得到稀释的EM菌原露;
(2)将饲料组分中其余的原料按相应的重量份与(1)中对应得到的EM菌原露拌匀,发酵至有酒香味溢出,即可得到相应的饲料A或饲料B。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,发酵的温度为27℃,发酵的时间为16小时。
本发明中的EM菌原露为一种混合菌,一般包括光合菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌等等有益菌类,由市场上购买得到。
在本发明中,还包括的猪舍的管理:所述猪舍分为生活区和运动区;所述生活区的温度控制在20-30℃,湿度控制在50-60%,且每两天清洗一次生活区,并在清洗后用饮用水进行消毒除臭;所述运动区为宽阔平整的土地,土地上种满了青草和各种青菜。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的养殖方法中,所用的饲料和饮用水中都添加了EM菌原露,它是以光合细菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌和放线菌为主的10个属80余个微生物复合而成的一种微生活菌制剂。其中,能量饲料和青饲料主要由乳酸菌和酵母菌共同进行发酵,且酵母菌还为促进其他有效微生物增殖所需要的基质提供重要的给养保障,乳酸菌还有杀菌作用,有效抑制有害微生物的活动和有机物的急剧腐败分解。因此,采用EM菌原露来发酵饲料,不仅可以提高饲料的利用率,增加猪的采食率,降低成本,而且还可以提高种猪的繁殖率、成活率,提高日增重,缩短了饲养时间。其中,采用添加了EM菌原露的饮用水和饲料来对猪进行喂食,并用该饮用水对猪舍进行消毒,双重作用,可以有效改善猪体内外环境,对外消除猪舍的臭味和驱赶蚊虫,对内增强了猪自身的免疫力,从而可以保障猪的健康,有效控制了痢疾、球虫、大肠杆菌及呼吸系统疾病发生。
(2)在本发明中,按猪的周龄和体重,分为两个阶段,分别饲喂不同的饲料,且定时定量,科学饲喂,有利于猪良好饮食习惯的养成,从而提高日增重率。在第一个阶段,主要是饲喂精饲料,让仔猪慢慢适应由母乳到饲料的改变,减少猪生理方面的变化,减弱由于营养来源的改变带来的抵抗力和免疫力的降低;而在第二个阶段增加了大比例的青饲料,减少了能量饲料的比例,这适应了巴马香猪是半食草动物、粗饲料消化能力强的特性。
(3)在本发明的饲料中,以豆腐渣、麦皮、黄豆粉作为能量饲料,保证了巴马香种猪的基本营养和主要能量来源;还以贝壳粉和松花粉混合物作为微量元素添加剂,不仅可以有效的补充猪所必需的微量元素和氨基酸,还可以增加饲料的香味、增强消化能力,提高猪的采食率,从而提高日增重率;另外,还添加了中草药组分,绿色安全,其中,以黄芪、马齿苋、大青叶和白芍为主,茯苓、芡实和山药为辅,沙参和天冬为佐,肉桂和莲子为使,协同作用,性味平和,达到补脾养胃、保肝润肺、暖肾温中和清热燥湿的作用,大大降低了巴马香种猪呼吸道、胃肠道疾病等高发疾病的发生,各个中草药的药理和药性如下:
黄芪:味甘、性温,具有补气固表、托毒排脓、利尿和生肌的作用。
马齿苋:味酸、性寒,有清热利湿、解毒消肿、消炎、止渴和利尿作用。
大青叶:味苦、性寒,具有清热解毒、凉血止血的作用。
白芍:味苦酸、性微寒,有平肝止痛、养血调经和敛阴止汗的作用。
茯苓:味甘淡、性平,有利水渗湿、健脾宁心的作用。
芡实:味甘涩、性平,有固肾涩精和补脾止泄的作用。
山药:味甘、性平,有健脾补肺、固肾益精的作用。
沙参:味甘、微苦,性微温,具有清肺化痰、养阴润燥和益胃生津的作用。
天冬:味甘、微苦,性寒,具有养阴生津、润肺清心的作用。
肉桂:味辛甘、性热,具有补火助阳、引火归源、散寒止痛和温经通脉的功效。
莲子:味甘涩、性平,具有补脾止泻、止带、益肾涩精和养心安神的功效。
【具体实施方式】
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
1.饲料A制作:
(1)按重量份计,称取下列原料:
其中,能量饲料由豆腐渣105份、麦皮66份和黄豆粉48份,经过粗粉碎过筛50目后,搅拌至混合均匀制成;中草药添加剂由黄芪17份、马齿苋17份、大青叶15份、白芍13份、茯苓12份、芡实12份、山药11份、沙参9份、天冬7份、肉桂6份和莲子3份,经过干燥、粗粉碎过筛80目后,混合均匀制成。
(2)按重量份计,先用适量热水将红糖完全溶解制成糖水,待糖水温度降为40℃时,兑上EM菌原露,搅拌至混合均匀后密封,在20℃下存放24小时后,加入剩余的水进行稀释,得到稀释的EM菌原露;
(3)将饲料组分中其余的原料与(2)中得到的EM菌原露拌匀,在27℃下发酵16小时,有酒香味溢出,即可得到相应的饲料A。
2.饲料B的制作:
(1)按重量份计,称取下列原料:
其中,能量饲料由豆腐渣105份、麦皮66份和黄豆粉48份,经过粗粉碎过筛50目后,搅拌至混合均匀制成;中草药添加剂由黄芪17份、马齿苋17份、大青叶15份、白芍13份、茯苓12份、芡实12份、山药11份、沙参9份、天冬7份、肉桂6份和莲子3份,经过干燥、粗粉碎过筛80目后,混合均匀制成;青饲料由红萝卜70份、红薯叶56份、白菜56份和青贮玉米秸秆50份,分别经过粗粉碎过筛50目后,搅拌至混合均匀制成。
(2)按重量份计,先用适量热水将红糖完全溶解制成糖水,待糖水温度降为40℃时,兑上EM菌原露,搅拌至混合均匀后密封,在20℃下存放24小时后,加入剩余的水进行稀释,得到稀释的EM菌原露;
(3)将饲料组分中其余的原料与(2)中得到的EM菌原液拌匀,在27℃下发酵16小时,有酒香味溢出,即可得到相应的饲料B。
3.饮用水的制作:由水50份、EM菌原露0.1份和红糖0.1份经过充分混合后密封,在阴凉处放置48个小时后得到。
实施例1
1.猪舍生活区的管理:温度20℃,湿度50%。
2.巴马香种猪的具体养殖方法
对于4周龄以内,且体重在18kg以内的巴马香种猪,用饲料A进行喂食,4次/天,每次喂食0.2kg,且每次喂食后都喂饮用水0.6kg;对于4周龄以上,且体重在18kg以上的巴马香种猪,用饲料B进行饲喂,4次/天,每次饲喂0.8kg,且每次喂食后都喂饮用水2.4kg;且对于2月龄以内的巴马香种猪,每次饲喂后都将其放养至猪舍的运动区。
实施例2
1.猪舍生活区的管理:温度25℃,湿度55%。
2.巴马香种猪的具体养殖方法
对于4周龄以内,且体重在18kg以内的巴马香种猪,用饲料A进行喂食,4次/天,每次喂食0.4kg,且每次喂食后都喂饮用水0.9kg;对于4周龄以上,且体重在18kg以上的巴马香种猪,用饲料B进行饲喂,4次/天,每次饲喂1.2kg,且每次喂食后都喂饮用水2.7kg;且对于2月龄以内的巴马香种猪,每次饲喂后都将其放养至猪舍的运动区。
实施例3
1.猪舍生活区的管理:温度20℃,湿度50%。
2.巴马香种猪的具体养殖方法
对于4周龄以内,且体重在18kg以内的巴马香种猪,用饲料A进行喂食,4次/天,每次喂食0.6kg,且每次喂食后都喂饮用水1.2kg;对于4周龄以上,且体重在18kg以上的巴马香种猪,用饲料B进行饲喂,4次/天,每次饲喂1.5kg,且每次喂食后都喂饮用水3kg;且对于2月龄以内的巴马香种猪,每次饲喂后都将其放养至猪舍的运动区。
效果验证:从某养猪场选出100头巴马香种猪,各头猪之间没有明显的生态学差异,将其平均分为两组。一组用常规养殖方法进行饲养,作为对照组;一组用本发明的养殖方法进行饲养,作为实验组。饲养4个月后,记录并比较两组的平均饲料利用率、平均体重和疾病发生率,结果见表1:
表1
结果统计 | 平均饲料利用率 | 平均体重 | 疾病发生率 |
对照组 | 87% | 34kg | 27% |
实验组 | 98% | 42kg | 4% |
由上表可以看出,使用本发明的养殖方法对巴马香种猪进行养殖远远优于用常规养殖方法进行养殖,其平均饲料利用率和平均体重分别比对照组高11%和23.5%,疾病发生率比对照组低23%。因此,本发明的养殖方法可以提高巴马香种猪的食欲,提高饲料转化率,而且改善了猪体内的环境,增强了猪的抗病能力,大大减少了各种疾病的发生率。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明,但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围,凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更,均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种巴马香种猪的养殖方法,其特征在于:对于4周龄以内,且体重在18kg以内的巴马香种猪,用饲料A进行喂食,4次/天,每次喂食0.2-0.6kg,且每次喂食后都喂饮用水0.6-1.2kg;对于4周龄以上,且体重在18kg以上的巴马香种猪,用饲料B进行饲喂,4次/天,每次饲喂0.8-1.5kg,且每次喂食后都喂饮用水2.4-3kg;且对于2月龄以内的巴马香种猪,每次饲喂后都将其放养至猪舍的运动区;
所述饲料A包括以下重量份的原料组分:能量饲料185份、中草药添加剂4份、贝壳粉2份、松树粉1份、水37份、EM菌原露0.18份、红糖0.15份和食盐0.3份;
所述饲料B包括以下重量份的原料组分:能量饲料130份、青饲料190份、中草药添加剂9份、贝壳粉3份、松树粉2份、水44份、EM菌原露0.45份、红糖0.36份和食盐0.7份;
所述饮用水由水50份、EM菌原露0.1份和红糖0.1份经过充分混合后密封,在阴凉处放置48个小时后得到。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种巴马香种猪的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述中草药添加剂由黄芪17份、马齿苋17份、大青叶15份、白芍13份、茯苓12份、芡实12份、山药11份、沙参9份、天冬7份、肉桂6份和莲子3份,经过干燥、粗粉碎过筛80目后,混合均匀制成。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种巴马香种猪的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述能量饲料由豆腐渣105份、麦皮66份和黄豆粉48份,经过粗粉碎过筛50目后,搅拌至混合均匀制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种巴马香种猪的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述青饲料由红萝卜70份、红薯叶56份、白菜56份和青贮玉米秸秆50份,分别经过粗粉碎过筛50目后,搅拌至混合均匀制成。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种巴马香种猪的养殖方法,其特征在于,所述饲料A或饲料B由以下具体步骤制成:
(1)按相应的重量份计,先用适量热水将红糖完全溶解制成糖水,待糖水温度降为40℃时,兑上EM菌原露,搅拌至混合均匀后密封,在20℃下存放24小时后,加入剩余的水进行稀释,得到稀释的EM菌原露;
(2)将饲料组分中其余的原料按相应的重量份与(1)中对应得到的EM菌原露拌匀,发酵至有酒香味溢出,即可得到相应的饲料A或饲料B。
6.根据权利要求6所述一种巴马香种猪的养殖方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,发酵的温度为27℃,发酵的时间为16小时。
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