CN106192935B - A kind of method of adjustment and system of fish pass entrance river flow - Google Patents
A kind of method of adjustment and system of fish pass entrance river flow Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106192935B CN106192935B CN201610730448.8A CN201610730448A CN106192935B CN 106192935 B CN106192935 B CN 106192935B CN 201610730448 A CN201610730448 A CN 201610730448A CN 106192935 B CN106192935 B CN 106192935B
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- flow field
- flow
- fish
- fish pass
- river
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
- E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the methods of adjustment and system of a kind of fish pass entrance river flow, including shunting wall, the horizontal cross sectional geometry of shunting wall is the strip that longitudinal axis is straight line, the longitudinal axis of shunting wall flows to angled with river, the starting point of shunting wall and the riverbank of setting fish pass import keep certain distance, and the height for shunting wall is certainly water-bed until being higher by the water surface.The water flow field of fish pass entrance is divided into outside flow field and inside flow field using flow field adjustment facility by the present invention, the flow field of suitable straddling fish stocks is generated in interior effluent field, it prevents the internal effluent field in outside flow field from generating interference simultaneously, stops fish to cross fish pass import using split entry high flow rate band.The present invention adjusts flow field using streamflow power, effectively adjusts river local flow field, is suitable for Fish of interest migration aggregation, provides convenience for fish pass import arrangement.The adjustment setting structure of flow field set by the present invention is simple, and construction volume is small, economic and practical in various hydraulic engineerings without too many maintenance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for adjustment and system of a kind of fish pass entrance river flow, it is a kind of water conservancy project method and sets
It applies, is a kind of water conservancy project method and facility for river ecological protection fish.
Background technique
Typically, the water flow field of fish pass entrance should meet both sides condition: one is suitable for fish collection,
Second is that fish can be made quickly to find fish pass import.It is influenced by flow condition and orographic condition, the downstream river of practical gate dam engineering
Road flow field structure is sufficiently complex changeable, proposes huge challenge with design to the selection of fish pass entrance location.
Fish pass import is in dam downstream, and usual flow velocity is larger, when fish pass import addressing, although water flow can be chosen as far as possible
Stable position, but in most cases, any interference on riverbank can all cause turbulent flow, hinder the aggregation of fish, and influence
Fish find fish pass import, and result is often catastrophic to fish.For this purpose, the water flow field near adjustment fish pass import is
A problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the invention proposes a kind of method of adjustment of fish pass entrance river flow and
System.The method and system adjusts facility, adjustment or change gate dam downstream river course office by the way that flow field is arranged in fish pass import
Portion's flow field structure is the effective way for optimizing fish pass inlet design.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of method of adjustment of fish pass entrance river flow, are as follows: on river edge
The fish pass entrance upstream setting flow field of bank adjusts facility, the described flow field adjustment facility make fish pass import formed inside flow field with
The outside flow field flow field Liang Ge subregion is adjusted by the parameter that flow field adjusts facility shape and flow inlet area of passage, in regulation
The flow rate of water flow magnitude size of effluent field and its distribution, and stop the negative effect of the outside internal effluent field in flow field, to obtain
It is suitable for arranging the water flow field structure of fish pass import.
A kind of adjustment system of the fish pass entrance river flow designed according to the above method, the system include:
The flow field adjustment facility is to shunt wall, and the horizontal cross sectional geometry of the shunting wall is the strip that longitudinal axis is straight line,
The longitudinal axis of the shunting wall flows to angled with riverα, starting point and the setting fish pass import of the shunting wall
Riverbank keep certain distanceL, the height for shunting wall is from the bottom until being higher by the water surface.
Further, the angle between the longitudinal axis and river flow direction of the shunting wallαFor 10-30 degree.
Further, the distance between the riverbank of the starting point of the shunting wall and setting fish pass importLFor not less than 1
Rice.
Further, the length of the shunting wall longitudinal axisbIt is 1-10 timesL。
Further, it is arranged at least one piece between the shunting wall starting point and riverbank and blocks stone.
Further, the shunting wall end connects ground sills.
Further, the horizontal cross sectional geometry of the ground sills is the strip that longitudinal axis is straight line, the ground sills
Longitudinal axis and shunt wall longitudinal axis to river center side deviate certain angleθ, the height of the ground sills is from water-bed
Until being lower than water surface a distance.
Further, the angle that the longitudinal axis of the longitudinal axis of the ground sills and shunting wall deviates to river center side
DegreeθFor 90-100 degree.
Further, the distance of the ground sills top to the water surface is 100-500 millimeters.
The beneficial effect comprise that:: the present invention adjusts facility for the water flow field of fish pass entrance using flow field
It is divided into outside flow field and inside flow field, generates the flow field of suitable straddling fish stocks in interior effluent field, while preventing outside flow field internal
Effluent field generates interference, stops fish to cross fish pass import using split entry high flow rate band.The present invention is flowed using urban river water
Power adjusts flow field, effectively adjusts river local flow field, is suitable for Fish of interest migration aggregation, provides just for fish pass import arrangement
Benefit.The adjustment setting structure of flow field set by the present invention is simple, and construction volume is small, economic and practical in various water without too many maintenance
Work engineering equally has important application value with perfect for the improvement of built engineering not only for engineering yet to be built.
Detailed description of the invention
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram that the adjustment facility of fish pass entrance water flow described in the embodiment of the present invention two is baffle wall；
Fig. 2 is that the adjustment facility of fish pass entrance water flow described in the embodiment of the present invention six is baffle wall and the structure for blocking stone
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 be fish pass entrance water flow described in the embodiment of the present invention seven adjustment facility be baffle wall and with block stone and
The structural schematic diagram of ground sills；
Fig. 4 is the elevational schematic view of baffle wall described in the embodiment of the present invention ten Yu ground sills cohesive position.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one:
The present embodiment is a kind of method of adjustment of fish pass entrance river flow, are as follows: in the fish pass entrance of river alongshore
Upstream is arranged flow field and adjusts facility, and the flow field adjustment facility makes fish pass import form inside flow field and two, outside flow field stream
Field subregion passes through the parameter adjustment that flow field adjusts facility shape and flow inlet area of passage, the water flow stream in regulation inside flow field
Fast magnitude size and its distribution, and stop the negative effect of the outside internal effluent field in flow field, it is suitable for arranging fish pass to obtain
The water flow field structure of import.
Flow field adjustment mode described in the present embodiment is biased to arrangement fish pass riverbank side primarily directed to a kind of channel thread,
Or channel thread is relatively uniform, but whole flow rate of water flow has been more than the limit velocity of straddling fish stocks, fish cannot adverse current and
On initial flow-field.
There are two the effects of the flow field adjustment facility of fish pass entrance: an effect is by the partial region of fish pass entrance
Separated with entire river, generate outside flow field and inside flow field, although cannot be completely isolated, at least can produce one with it is whole
The different flow field regions of a river flow.Another effect is that the flow field for being easy to attract fish is generated in the region of segmentation, just
In fish collection and enter fish pass.
Outside flow field keeps the flow field in former river substantially, and inside flow field is then as needed, under the action of adjusting facility,
Generate the flow field parameter different from outside flow field.The main flow field adjusting parameter in inside flow field be flow rate of water flow magnitude size and its
Distribution, even if the flow rate of water flow in inside flow field reaches the numerical value for attracting fish, and by adjusting the variation of element each in facility,
The variation respectively of flow field velocity is formed, enhancing attracts the effect of fish.
The flow field adjustment facility of fish pass entrance, which can be shunting wall or other, can generate setting water flow spaces segmentation
It applies.Shunting wall can be straight line, is also possible to curve, is also possible to broken line.
To change flow field, the facilities such as stone, ground sills are blocked except shunting wall can also be added, for changing the flow in inside flow field
Parameter and Flow Field Distribution.In short, various hydraulic facilities can be used in the case where separating internal and external flow field, changes inside flow field, use
To attract fish to enter fish pass.
Embodiment two:
The present embodiment is a kind of adjustment system of fish pass entrance river flow designed according to one the method for embodiment
System, as shown in Figure 1.System described in the present embodiment includes: the flow field adjustment facility to shunt wall 1, the shunting wall
Horizontal cross sectional geometry is the strip that longitudinal axis is straight line, longitudinal axis and the river of the shunting wall flow to 2 one-tenth it is certain
Angleα, the riverbank holding certain distance of the starting point for shunting wall and setting fish pass importL, the height for shunting wall is certainly
The bottom is until being higher by the water surface.
Shunt the principle of wall adjustment river flow are as follows: the riverbank 4 for shunting wall and setting fish pass import 3 forms certain width
Flow inlet 5, by adjusting the size of flow inlet, can control shunting number, by adjusting wall and water flow side is shunted
To angle is added, control shunts the rate of decay of effluent speed within the walls, can obtain the flow field 6 suitable for fish migration in desired location
(being represented by dashed line in Fig. 1).
It shunts wall upstream one end or connects riverain one end and be defined as starting point.Distance of the starting point to riverbankL, according to mesh
The type for marking fish can select in the range of being not less than 1 meter.
Shunting wall has certain lengthb, there is certain corrective action to external flow direction, interfere it not and formed
Suitable flow field.Shunt wall lengthbAt 1-10 timesLSelection in range.
The upstream that fish pass mouth is arranged in wall is shunted, so that water flow is after flowing through shunting wall, the flow field of shunting can be formed.Point
The horizontal cross sectional geometry for flowing wall is the rectangle of strip, i.e., length and width (shunting wall thickness) is than being greater than 5.It is rectangular to shunt wall horizontal cross-section
At an angle to axis and streamflowα, it is generally the case that it is selected within the scope of 10-30 degree.The height for shunting wall is more than water
It is deep, water flow is separated.
Embodiment three:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment two, is embodiment two about the refinement for shunting wall.Divide described in the present embodiment
Flow the angle between the longitudinal axis of wall and river flow directionαFor 10-30 degree.When between the longitudinal axis for shunting wall and river flow direction
Angle when gradually increasing, the corrective action for shunting the internal effluent field of wall gradually increases, while the blocking to outside water flow downlink
Effect is also gradually increased.For most engineerings, the two angle is more appropriate between 10-30 degree, can be to interior flow field
Preferable adjustment effect is played, outside water flow downlink will not be caused obviously to stop.
Example IV:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment three, is embodiment three about the refinement for shunting wall.Divide described in the present embodiment
Flow the starting point of wall and the distance between the riverbank of setting fish pass importLFor not less than 1 meter.When the starting point and riverbank for shunting wall
The distance between less than 1 meter when, entrance width is limited, and shunt volume is smaller, shunt within the walls side be difficult to form suitable flow field.
Embodiment five:
The present embodiment is the improvement of example IV, is example IV about the refinement for shunting wall.Divide described in the present embodiment
Flow the length of wall longitudinal axisbIt is 1-10 timesL.The length of the longitudinal axis of wall is shunted less than 1 timesLWhen, it is difficult to barrier is outer
Interference and influence of the effluent field on effluent field within the walls is shunted.When the length for the longitudinal axis for shunting wall is greater than 10 timesLWhen, institute's shape
At flow field effect with 10 timesLTimeliness fruit seemingly, causes engineering to waste.
Embodiment six:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is above-described embodiment about the refinement for shunting wall.Described in the present embodiment
Shunting wall starting point and riverbank between be arranged at least one piece and block stone 7, as shown in Figure 2.
Men Shi is blocked described in the present embodiment to be arranged near split entry, it is further to increase flow velocity at split entry, increase
Strong resistance fish effect, adjusts water (flow) direction and shunt ratio, further to adjust the flow field range and flow velocity size of desired location.
Blocking Men Shi can be one piece, be also possible to muti-piece, determine as needed.Blocking Men Shi can be horizontal cross sectional geometry
Can round, rectangle or other shapes, highly can be from the bottom to the water surface, or be higher than level, or be lower than the water surface.Block stone
Position, size, quantity mainly consider the size and Orientation of incoming flow flow velocity, the factors such as the characteristic in target flow field and ambient enviroment.
Embodiment seven:
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is above-described embodiment about the refinement for shunting wall.Described in the present embodiment
Shunting wall end connect ground sills 8, as shown in Figure 3.
Ground sills described in the present embodiment is the convex type building of underwater certain depth, is arranged in shunting wall end and leans on
Nearly river center side.Its top is flooded under the water surface, and the depth away from the water surface is related with water surface flow velocity is required.A certain range
Interior, the ground sills distance from top water surface is closer, is formed by that area of passage is smaller, and flow velocity is higher.It shunts water on the outside of wall and flows through shunting wall
Guiding role since the ground sills top depth of water reduces, certain acceleration is formed, thus in ground sills downstream shape across ground sills
At certain High Velocity Area, which is suitable to be greater than straddling fish stocks limit velocity.To form one in shallow dam downstream
Indicated in road high flow rate barrier tape 9(Fig. 3 with double dot dash line), improve a possibility that fish enter flow field on the inside of training wall.
The shape of ground sills can be similar to and shunt wall, and only height is lower than the water surface.Ground sills trend can be straight line, can also be with
It is curve, is also possible to broken line.
Embodiment eight:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment seven, is refinement of the embodiment seven about ground sills.Ground sills described in the present embodiment
Horizontal cross sectional geometry be strip that longitudinal axis is straight line, the longitudinal axis of the ground sills and the longitudinal axis for shunting wall
Deviate certain angle to river center sideθ, the height of the ground sills is certainly water-bed until being lower than water surface a distance, such as Fig. 3 institute
Show.
The trend of ground sills described in the present embodiment in the horizontal plane is straight line, is walked for the baffle wall of straight line in broken line with trend
To between the two in certain deflecting angleθ。
Embodiment nine:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment eight, is refinement of the embodiment eight about ground sills.Ground sills described in the present embodiment
Longitudinal axis and shunt the angle that deviates to river center side of longitudinal axis of wallθFor 90-100 degree.
The deviation of ground sills deviates to river center position.
Embodiment ten:
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment nine, is refinement of the embodiment nine about ground sills.Ground sills described in the present embodiment
Distance of the top to the water surfacehIt is 100-500 millimeters, as shown in Figure 4.
All parameters that this example uses pass through numerical simulation calculation and experimental study optimization gained, and pass through fish examination
Demonstrate the reasonability and superiority of flow-shape.
Finally it should be noted that being only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it above, although referring to preferable cloth
The scheme of setting describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to technology of the invention
Scheme (such as length, angle, the ground sills height etc. for shunting wall) is modified or replaced equivalently, without departing from the technology of the present invention
The spirit and scope of scheme.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method of adjustment of fish pass entrance river flow, which is characterized in that in the fish pass entrance upstream of river alongshore
Flow field is set and adjusts facility, the flow field adjustment facility makes fish pass import form inside flow field and the outside flow field flow field Liang Ge point
Area is adjusted by the parameter that flow field adjusts facility shape and flow inlet area of passage, the flow rate of water flow amount in regulation inside flow field
It is worth size and its distribution, and stops the negative effect of the outside internal effluent field in flow field, is suitable for arranging fish pass import to obtain
Water flow field structure；
There are two the effects of the flow field adjustment facility: an effect is by the partial region of fish pass entrance and entire river
It separates, generates outside flow field and inside flow field；Another effect is that the flow field for being easy to attract fish is generated in the region of segmentation,
Convenient for fish collection and enter fish pass；
The flow field adjustment facility is the shunting wall that certain distance is kept with riverbank, and the shunting wall is flowed to river at certain
Angle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610730448.8A CN106192935B (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2016-08-26 | A kind of method of adjustment and system of fish pass entrance river flow |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610730448.8A CN106192935B (en) | 2016-08-26 | 2016-08-26 | A kind of method of adjustment and system of fish pass entrance river flow |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106192935A CN106192935A (en) | 2016-12-07 |
| CN106192935B true CN106192935B (en) | 2019-01-18 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108755620A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-06 | 贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院 | A kind of attracting fish method changing flow direction-changing angle |
| CN110080177A (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2019-08-02 | 河海大学 | A kind of fish pass structure methods of comparison and selection |
| CN111254890A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-06-09 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Arrangement mode and arrangement structure of fishway inlet |
| CN111254889A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-06-09 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Fishway inlet water supplementing system, fishway and water supplementing method |
| CN112681252A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-04-20 | 三峡大学 | Fish attracting fishway based on bottom jet flow changing flow field |
| CN113718729B (en) | 2021-09-13 | 2022-08-19 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Spur dike type fish inlet |
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