CN110616697A - Three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow combined fishway - Google Patents
Three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow combined fishway Download PDFInfo
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- CN110616697A CN110616697A CN201910869879.6A CN201910869879A CN110616697A CN 110616697 A CN110616697 A CN 110616697A CN 201910869879 A CN201910869879 A CN 201910869879A CN 110616697 A CN110616697 A CN 110616697A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
- E02B8/085—Devices allowing fish migration, e.g. fish traps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall surface jet flow combined fishway comprises a device body, wherein a water channel is arranged on the device body along the length direction, a water inlet communicated with the water channel is formed in the upstream end of the device body, and an outflow weir is formed in the downstream end of the device body; the water channel is sequentially divided into an inflow section, a working section and an outflow section along the water flow direction, the working section is detachably provided with a plurality of vertical clapboards, so that the water channel of the working section is divided into a plurality of areas by the vertical clapboards, and the vertical clapboards are provided with fish passing holes; a fish passing vertical seam is reserved between one side edge of the vertical partition plate and the wall of the water channel, the bottom end of the fish passing vertical seam extends to the bottom plate of the water channel, the upper end of the fish passing vertical seam extends to the upper edge of the vertical partition plate, and the fish passing hole and the fish passing vertical seam are jointly used as a fish passing channel. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device has the advantages of simple structure, various forms, easy manufacture, convenient maintenance, economy, practicality, excellent hydraulic characteristics and capability of generating turbulent fluctuation areas and vortex areas required by fish migration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall surface jet flow combined fishway.
Background
Coastal fishes in our province have rich resources and numerous migratory fishes, such as reeves shad, anchovy, weever, sole, silverfish and the like, and the fishes are required to lay eggs or perform bait fattening in rivers and lakes. After the tidal barrier is built, a continuous system is changed in aspects of energy flow, material circulation, information transmission and the like, so that the habitat conditions and the hydrological situation required by the survival of fishes in life are changed. In order to communicate with a migration channel of fishes and maintain the diversity of organisms, a fishway is usually arranged in a tidal gate hub so as to achieve the purpose of harmonious development of water resource development and ecological environment. The fish passing effect of the fishway is related to the hydraulic characteristics of the fishway pool chamber and the upstream habit of the fishes, and the fishes cannot simply pass through a channel for the fishes, so that the fishes can go upstream along the channel gently. Statistics have shown that in fishways established around the world, less than half of the fishways through which fish can swim back are available. Therefore, the fish-tracing habit, i.e. the ecological hydraulic fishway, should be considered in the fishway design.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow combined fishway according to the favorite water layer of the fish.
The invention relates to a three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow combined fishway, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a device body, wherein a water channel is arranged in the device body along the length direction, a water inlet communicated with the water channel is arranged at the upstream end of the device body, and an outflow weir is arranged at the downstream end of the device body; the water channel is sequentially divided into an inflow section, a working section and an outflow section along the water flow direction, the working section is detachably provided with a plurality of vertical clapboards, so that the water channel of the working section is divided into a plurality of test areas by a plurality of vertical clapboards, and the vertical clapboards are provided with fish passing holes; a fish passing vertical seam is reserved between one side edge of the vertical partition plate and the wall of the water channel, the bottom end of the fish passing vertical seam extends to the bottom plate of the water channel, the upper end of the fish passing vertical seam extends to the upper edge of the vertical partition plate, and the fish passing hole and the fish passing vertical seam are jointly used as a fish passing channel.
The water channel bottom plate clamped between the upstream vertical partition plate and the downstream vertical partition plate is a stepped bottom plate, the height of the steps of the stepped bottom plate is gradually reduced along the water flow direction, and the joint of two adjacent steps is correspondingly provided with one vertical partition plate.
The vertical clapboard is vertical to the water channel bottom plate.
The fish passing holes are rectangular holes or elliptical holes.
The fish passing holes are rectangular holes, the long edges of the rectangular holes are perpendicular to the water channel bottom plate corresponding to the test area, and the length-width ratio of the rectangular holes is 3: 2.
The fish passing holes are elliptical holes, the central axis of the major axis of each elliptical hole is perpendicular to the water channel bottom plate of the corresponding test area, and the elliptical curveThe long half shaft is a, the short half shaft is b, a: and b is 3: 2.
The fish passing holes in the fish passing channel are divided into a middle hole and a bottom hole according to different distribution positions of the fish passing holes on the vertical partition plate, the middle hole refers to the central position of the partition plate submerged in water (the middle hole position can be designed according to the average water depth of years), and the bottom hole refers to the lowest point of an orifice tangent to a river bed.
The fish-passing vertical seam is designed to leave a fixed residual height at the top end of the partition plate, and the specification and the size of the fish-passing vertical seam are mainly determined by the downward discharge quantity of the tidal sluice and the type of fish-passing.
The conception of the invention is as follows: turbulent regions and vortex regions required by fish migration can be generated based on three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow, migration fish schools are guided to smoothly trace to inland rivers and lakes through fishways to lay eggs or perform cable bait fattening, the diversity of upstream water system organisms is maintained, and the harmonious development of water resource development and ecological environment is promoted.
The combined type test device can select different fishes according to the preference of the fishes by arranging the fish passing holes and the fish passing vertical seams on the vertical partition plates.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the water flow through the orifice is three-dimensional jet flow, and the water flow through the vertical seam is two-dimensional wall jet flow, namely, the water flow in the whole water channel has both three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow, and can generate turbulent regions and vortex regions required by fish migration.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention (arrow direction represents water flow direction, H is vertical partition height, Δ H is weir head slope between adjacent vertical partitions).
Fig. 2a is a front view of a vertical separator of the present invention (the central hole is a rectangular hole).
FIG. 2b is a side view of the vertical partition of the present invention.
Figure 2c is a top view of the present invention.
Figure 3a is a front view of the vertical partition of the present invention (the bottom hole is a rectangular hole).
FIG. 3b is a side view of the vertical partition of the present invention.
Figure 3c is a top view of the present invention.
Figure 4a is a front view of a vertical partition of the invention (the central hole is an elliptical hole).
FIG. 4b is a side view of the vertical partition of the present invention.
Figure 4c is a top view of the present invention.
Fig. 5a is a front view of the vertical partition of the present invention (the bottom hole is an elliptical hole).
FIG. 5b is a side view of the vertical partition of the present invention.
Figure 5c is a top view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
With reference to the accompanying drawings:
embodiment 1 the combined fishway of three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow of the invention comprises a device body 1, wherein the device body 1 is provided with a water channel along the length direction, the upstream end of the device body is provided with a water inlet 11 communicated with the water channel, and the downstream end of the device body is provided with an outflow weir 12; the water channel is sequentially divided into an inflow section 13, a working section 14 and an outflow section 15 along the water flow direction, the working section 14 is detachably provided with a plurality of vertical partition plates 2, so that the water channel of the working section is divided into a plurality of test areas by the vertical partition plates, and the vertical partition plates 2 are provided with fish passing holes 21; a fish passing vertical seam 22 is reserved between one side edge of the vertical partition plate and the wall of the water channel, wherein the bottom end of the fish passing vertical seam 22 extends to the bottom plate of the water channel, the upper end of the fish passing vertical seam extends to the upper edge of the vertical partition plate, and the fish passing hole and the fish passing vertical seam are jointly used as a fish passing channel.
The water inlet 11 is provided with a control valve 111.
The water channel bottom plate clamped between the upstream vertical partition plate and the downstream vertical partition plate is a stepped bottom plate 16, the height of the steps of the stepped bottom plate is gradually reduced along the water flow direction, and a vertical partition plate is correspondingly assembled at the joint of two adjacent steps.
The stepped bottom plate can be in a split structure or an integrated structure.
The vertical clapboard is vertical to the water channel bottom plate, and a notch is arranged on one side edge of the vertical clapboard.
The fish passing holes are rectangular holes or elliptical holes.
The fish passing holes are rectangular holes, the long edges of the rectangular holes are perpendicular to the water channel bottom plate corresponding to the test area, and the length-width ratio of the rectangular holes is 3: 2.
The fish passing holes are elliptical holes, the central axis of the major axis of each elliptical hole is perpendicular to the water channel bottom plate of the corresponding test area, and the elliptical curveThe long half shaft is a, the short half shaft is b, a: and b is 3: 2.
The fish passing holes in the fish passing channel are divided into a middle hole and a bottom hole according to different distribution positions of the fish passing holes on the vertical partition plate, the middle hole refers to the central position of the partition plate submerged in water (the middle hole position can be designed according to the average water depth of years), and the bottom hole refers to the lowest point of an orifice tangent to a river bed.
The fish-passing vertical seam is designed to leave a fixed residual height at the top end of the partition plate, and the specification and the size of the fish-passing vertical seam are mainly determined by the downward discharge quantity of the tidal sluice and the type of fish-passing.
The conception of the invention is as follows: the turbulent fluctuation area and the vortex area required by fish migration can be generated based on three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall surface jet flow, the migration fish swarm is guided to smoothly trace to swim to inland rivers and lakes through the fish way or lay eggs or cable bait fattening, the migration fish swarm is guided to smoothly trace to swim to inland rivers and lakes through the fish way or cable bait fattening, the diversity of upstream water system organisms is maintained, and the harmonious development of water resource development and ecological environment is promoted.
According to the combined fish passing hole test device, the vertical partition plate is provided with the fish passing holes and the fish passing vertical seams, the fish passing holes in two different forms can be selected by fishes in different water layers according to preferences of the fishes, for example, the fishes in the bottom layer and the surface layer which are preferred can be traced upwards through the vertical seams, and the fishes in the middle layer can be traced upwards through the holes.
Embodiment 2 the three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow combined fishway of the invention, the device body is a glass water tank, the water tank is a water channel for passing water, the experimental glass water tank has a length of 20m, a width of 60cm and a depth of 100cm, and is divided into three sections: the system comprises an inflow section, a working section and an outflow section. The inflow section is made of a steel plate; the working section mainly comprises 4 water tanks, the length of each water tank is adjustable, the water tanks are in a ladder shape from a downstream water tank to an upstream water tank along the longitudinal direction of the water tank, two sides and a bottom plate of each water tank are made of toughened glass, and the vertical partition plates are made of movable organic glass or polyethylene plates; polyethylene plates are arranged on two sides of the outflow section. 5 same combined type partition plates are used for separating 4 test water tanks (named as a first water tank I, a second water tank II, a third water tank III and a fourth water tank IV respectively) in the working section, wherein the length of each water tank is 1800mm, and the width of each water tank is 600 mm. Use cascaded bottom plate, reduce fishway basin total head step by step, set up highly for 50 mm's cascaded bottom plate, can change different bottom plate heights according to the experiment requirement. For example, the combined partition plate uses a combination form of a rectangular middle hole and a 100mm wide vertical seam, and the thickness of the partition plate is 10 mm: 1. a rectangular middle hole, wherein a middle hole of 160 multiplied by 240mm (width multiplied by height) is arranged at the center of the separator; 2. and a vertical seam, wherein the width of the vertical seam is 100mm is arranged on one side of the partition board, and the surplus height of the vertical seam is 50mm away from the top of the partition board.
In each stage of water pool, the height of the partition board on the bottom board is kept the same.
The technical idea of the embodiment is as follows: the three-dimensional jet flow and the two-dimensional wall jet flow are combined to form 8 types of fish passing channels, and the flow speed is changed by adjusting the water inlet pipe valve of the glass water tank, so that different ecological hydraulic conditions are provided for different habit migratory fishes to pass through.
The embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of implementations of the inventive concept and the scope of the present invention should not be considered limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments but includes equivalent technical means as would be recognized by those skilled in the art based on the inventive concept.
Claims (6)
1. Three-dimensional efflux and two-dimensional wall surface efflux combination formula fishway, its characterized in that: the device comprises a device body, wherein a water channel is arranged in the device body along the length direction, a water inlet communicated with the water channel is arranged at the upstream end of the device body, and an outflow weir is arranged at the downstream end of the device body; the water channel is sequentially divided into an inflow section, a working section and an outflow section along the water flow direction, the working section is detachably provided with a plurality of vertical clapboards, so that the water channel of the working section is divided into a plurality of test areas by a plurality of vertical clapboards, and the vertical clapboards are provided with fish passing holes; a fish-passing vertical seam is reserved between one side edge of the vertical partition plate and the wall of the water channel, wherein the bottom end of the fish-passing vertical seam extends to the bottom plate of the water channel, and the upper end of the fish-passing vertical seam extends to the upper edge of the vertical partition plate.
2. The three-dimensional jet and two-dimensional wall jet combined fishway of claim 1, wherein: the water channel bottom plate clamped between the upstream vertical partition plate and the downstream vertical partition plate is a stepped bottom plate, the height of the steps of the stepped bottom plate is gradually reduced along the water flow direction, and the joint of two adjacent steps is correspondingly provided with one vertical partition plate.
3. The three-dimensional jet and two-dimensional wall jet combined fishway of claim 2, wherein: the vertical clapboard is vertical to the water channel bottom plate.
4. The three-dimensional jet and two-dimensional wall jet combined fishway of claim 1, wherein: the fish passing holes are rectangular holes or elliptical holes.
5. The three-dimensional jet and two-dimensional wall jet combined fishway of claim 4, wherein: the fish passing holes are rectangular holes, the long edges of the rectangular holes are perpendicular to the water channel bottom plate corresponding to the test area, and the length-width ratio of the rectangular holes is 3: 2.
6. The three-dimensional jet and two-dimensional wall jet combined fishway of claim 5, wherein: the fish passing holes are elliptical holes, and the central axis of the long axis of each elliptical hole is perpendicular to the bottom plate of the corresponding test area.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910869879.6A CN110616697A (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2019-09-16 | Three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow combined fishway |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910869879.6A CN110616697A (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2019-09-16 | Three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow combined fishway |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110616697A true CN110616697A (en) | 2019-12-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201910869879.6A Pending CN110616697A (en) | 2019-09-16 | 2019-09-16 | Three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow combined fishway |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111411613A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-14 | 华北水利水电大学 | Hole-weir combined type ecological fishway transition section and design method thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-09-16 CN CN201910869879.6A patent/CN110616697A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111411613A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-14 | 华北水利水电大学 | Hole-weir combined type ecological fishway transition section and design method thereof |
| CN111411613B (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2022-06-10 | 华北水利水电大学 | Hole-weir combined type ecological fishway transition section and design method thereof |
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