CN106187143A - 一种功能陶瓷材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种功能陶瓷材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JKCNLFMVVZFQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Yb+3].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ce+3] Chemical compound [Yb+3].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ce+3] JKCNLFMVVZFQNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BBEWQVDYSULNPB-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+) lanthanum(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [La+3].[Ce+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O BBEWQVDYSULNPB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000244 elbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IKNAJTLCCWPIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);lanthanum(3+);neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-);phosphate Chemical compound [O-2].[La+3].[Ce+3].[Nd+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O IKNAJTLCCWPIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000245 dravite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052590 monazite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- OGFYIDCVDSATDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Ag] OGFYIDCVDSATDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005621 ferroelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009747 press moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及功能陶瓷材料技术，具体地说，是一种功能陶瓷材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：配料是根据配方和生产需要的数量计算出各种原料所需的质量；混料使用球磨法不但可以混料，同时还可以使得原料颗粒进一步被粉碎；预烧的目的是让各成分间进行化学反应，生成目标混合物；成型是按要求将材料做出某种特定形状的胚体；排塑的目的是将成型胚体中的水分、粘合剂采用加温的方式排出；烧结也叫晶华过程，是晶体结构形成和扩大的过程，在烧结结束后还可以进行后处理，如极化、磁化，目的是使各晶粒中的某性能尽可能按同一方向排列，以达到块状整体具有较强的性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能陶瓷材料技术，具体地说，是一种功能陶瓷材料的制备方法。
背景技术
由于科学技术的高度发展，对陶瓷材料的性能、质量以及要求越来越高，促使部分陶瓷发展成为新型的具有特殊功能类型的材料，这类陶瓷无论在性能和使用上，还是在制作工艺上都要求高度精细，故它与结构陶瓷一起，统称为精细陶瓷。就陶瓷材料的功能而言，有机械的、热的、化学的、电的、磁的、光的、辐射的和生物的各类功能。以往，通常将具有单一功能的陶瓷，如机械功能、热功能和部分化学功能的陶瓷列为结构陶瓷；而将具有电、光、磁及部分化学功能的多晶无机固体材料列为功能陶瓷。
功能陶瓷的应用主要取决于电绝缘性、半导体性、导电性、压电性、铁电性、磁性以及生物适应性、化学吸附性等，已在能源开发、电子技术、传感技术、激光技术、光电子技术、红外技术、生物技术、环境科学等方面有广泛应用。
传统的陶瓷制备方法具有能耗高、效率低、产品合格率低等缺点。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种功能陶瓷材料的制备方法，具有能耗低、效率高、产品合格率高等优点，具体技术方案如下：
一种功能陶瓷材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
（1）配料：按以下重量百分比的原料选料配比：具远红外功能的无机非金属材料20～45%、磁性材料20～45%、稀土矿物材料2～10%、粘结材料5～30%和无机抗菌材料1～3%；
（2）混料：使用转动球磨机将步骤（1）中的各种原材料球磨至颗粒直径在2~5um之间，加入原材料总重的15~20%的纯净水充分拌匀后放置18~36h；
（3）预烧：将步骤（2）中混料后的原材料进行预烧，预烧温度设定在500~800℃，预烧时间设定在2~4h；
（4）成型：将步骤（3）中预烧后的材料粉碎，然后将粉碎后的材料与粘合剂混合使用模压或轧膜工艺成型；
（5）排塑：将步骤（4）中的成型后材料加温至200~500℃，并保持10~30min；
（6）烧结：将步骤（5）处理后的成型材料送至烧结炉中烧结，烧结温度设定在900~1200℃，烧结时间设定在2~4h。
在以上步骤中，配料是根据配方和生产需要的数量计算出各种原料所需的质量，为了使得后续步骤顺利进行，原料的颗粒尽量小些，纯度要高；混料中使用球磨法不但可以混料，同时还可以使得原料颗粒进一步被粉碎，球磨的时间要足够长以使各成分原料均匀混合，最大限度地彼此接触，以利于后面的化学反应；预烧的目的是让各成分间进行化学反应，生成目标混合物；成型是按要求将材料做出某种特定形状的胚体，成型根据不同要求采用模压、轧膜等方式，为了便于成型，通常在粉碎的材料中添加粘合剂，在模压方式中，粘合剂一般是粉料重量的5%，在轧膜方式中，粘合剂一般是粉料重量的15~20%；排塑的目的是将成型胚体中的水分、粘合剂采用加温的方式排出；烧结也叫晶华过程，是晶体结构形成和扩大的过程，在烧结结束后还可以进行后处理，如极化、磁化，目的是使各晶粒中的某性能尽可能按同一方向排列，以达到块状整体具有较强的性能。
本发明的进一步改进，步骤（1）中的具远红外功能的无机非金属材料为铁镁电气石或铁锂电气石中的一种或两种的混合物，的磁性材料为铁氧体、锶铁氧体或钕铁硼中的一种或几种的组合物，粘结材料为膨润土或苏州土中的一种或两种的组合物，无机抗菌材料为含银无机抗菌材料，稀土矿物材料为石英斑岩、大理石斑岩、独居石、花岗岩、花岗伟晶岩、磷酸铈镱矿或磷酸铈镧矿中的一种或几种的组合物， 含银无机抗菌材料中银的重量百分比为0.25 ~3.0%。
本发明的进一步改进，步骤（3）中的粘合剂的配方及重量比为：聚乙烯醇15%，甘油7%，酒精3%，蒸馏水75%，在90℃下搅拌熔化。
本发明的进一步改进，步骤（5）排塑过程中，加温速度控制在100℃/h以下。
本发明的有益效果，与现有技术相比，本发明披露的功能陶瓷材料的制备方法具有方法简单、耗能低、效率高、产品合格率高等优点。
具体实施方式
为了加深对本发明的理解，下面将结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述，该实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不对本发明的保护范围构成限定。
实施例1：将铁锂电气石粉体35克、锶铁氧体粉体42克、大理石斑岩粉体 5克、苏州土粉体15克、含银1.0％硼酸系无机抗菌材料粉体3克混合在一起使用转动球磨机球磨至颗粒直径在2um左右，15g的纯净水充分拌匀后放置20h后进行预烧，预烧温度设定在600℃，预烧3h后的再将材料粉碎，然后将粉碎后的材料与粘合剂（粘合剂采用聚乙烯醇15%、甘油7%、酒精3%、蒸馏水75%，在90℃下搅拌熔化制成）混合使用模压或轧膜工艺成型，将成型的材料加温至300℃，保持20min将胚体中的水分或者粘合剂蒸发掉，最后将成型材料送至烧结炉中烧结，烧结温度设定在1000℃，烧结时间设定在2h。
实施例2：将石英粉体22克、钕铁硼粉体45克、磷酸铈镱矿粉体3克、苏州土粉体27克、含银 0.5％、含铈 0.5％磷酸盐系硅酸盐系无机抗菌材料粉体 3 克混合在一起使用转动球磨机球磨至颗粒直径在2um左右，加入20g的纯净水充分拌匀后放置18h后进行预烧，预烧温度设定在500℃，预烧2h后的再将材料粉碎，然后将粉碎后的材料与粘合剂（粘合剂采用聚乙烯醇15%、甘油7%、酒精3%、蒸馏水75%，在90℃下搅拌熔化制成）混合使用模压或轧膜工艺成型，将成型的材料加温至200℃，保持30min将胚体中的水分或者粘合剂蒸发掉，最后将成型材料送至烧结炉中烧结，烧结温度设定在1200℃，烧结时间设定在2h。
实施例3：将铁镁电气石粉体45克、铁氧体粉体25克、 磷酸铈镧矿粉体10克、苏州土粉体18.5克、含银0.5％、含铈0.25％磷酸盐系无机抗菌材料粉体 1.5克混合在一起使用转动球磨机球磨至颗粒直径在5um左右，加入15g的纯净水充分拌匀后放置36h后进行预烧，预烧温度设定在800℃，预烧4h后的再将材料粉碎，然后将粉碎后的材料与粘合剂（粘合剂采用聚乙烯醇15%、甘油7%、酒精3%、蒸馏水75%，在90℃下搅拌熔化制成）混合使用模压或轧膜工艺成型，将成型的材料加温至500℃，保持10min将胚体中的水分或者粘合剂蒸发掉，最后将成型材料送至烧结炉中烧结，烧结温度设定在900℃，烧结时间设定在4h。
实施例4：将石英粉体22克、钕铁硼粉体45克、磷酸铈镱矿粉体3克、苏州土粉体27克、含银0.5％、含铈0.5％磷酸盐系硅酸盐系无机抗菌材料粉体3克混合在一起使用转动球磨机球磨至颗粒直径在5um左右，加入15g的纯净水充分拌匀后放置36h后进行预烧，预烧温度设定在800℃，预烧4h后的再将材料粉碎，然后将粉碎后的材料与粘合剂（粘合剂采用聚乙烯醇15%、甘油7%、酒精3%、蒸馏水75%，在90℃下搅拌熔化制成）混合使用模压或轧膜工艺成型，将成型的材料加温至500℃，保持10min将胚体中的水分或者粘合剂蒸发掉，最后将成型材料送至烧结炉中烧结，烧结温度设定在900℃，烧结时间设定在4h。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (4)
1.一种功能陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
配料：按以下重量百分比的原料选料配比：具远红外功能的无机非金属材料20～45%、磁性材料20～45%、稀土矿物材料2～10%、粘结材料5～30%和无机抗菌材料1～3%；
混料：使用转动球磨机将步骤（1）中的各种原材料球磨至颗粒直径在2~5um之间，加入所述原材料总重的15~20%的纯净水充分拌匀后放置18~36h；
预烧：将步骤（2）中混料后的原材料进行预烧，预烧温度设定在500~800℃，预烧时间设定在2~4h；
成型：将步骤（3）中预烧后的材料粉碎，然后将粉碎后的材料与粘合剂混合使用模压或轧膜工艺成型；
排塑：将步骤（4）中的成型后材料加温至200~500℃，并保持10~30min；
烧结：将步骤（5）处理后的成型材料送至烧结炉中烧结，烧结温度设定在900~1200℃，烧结时间设定在2~4h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的功能陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（1）中所述的具远红外功能的无机非金属材料为铁镁电气石或铁锂电气石中的一种或两种的混合物，所述的磁性材料为铁氧体、锶铁氧体或钕铁硼中的一种或几种的组合物，所述粘结材料为膨润土或苏州土中的一种或两种的组合物，所述无机抗菌材料为含银无机抗菌材料，所述稀土矿物材料为石英斑岩、大理石斑岩、独居石、花岗岩、花岗伟晶岩、磷酸铈镱矿或磷酸铈镧矿中的一种或几种的组合物， 所述含银无机抗菌材料中银的重量百分比为0.25 ~3.0%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的功能陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤（3）中的粘合剂的配方及重量比为：聚乙烯醇15%，甘油7%，酒精3%，蒸馏水75%，在90℃下搅拌熔化。
4.根据权利要求3所述的功能陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤（5）排塑过程中，加温速度控制在100℃/h以下。
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