CN106186159B - 一种去除水中亚甲基蓝的吸附材料及其对水中亚甲基蓝的去除方法 - Google Patents

一种去除水中亚甲基蓝的吸附材料及其对水中亚甲基蓝的去除方法 Download PDF

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CN106186159B
CN106186159B CN201610627361.8A CN201610627361A CN106186159B CN 106186159 B CN106186159 B CN 106186159B CN 201610627361 A CN201610627361 A CN 201610627361A CN 106186159 B CN106186159 B CN 106186159B
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谭平
谭志
詹志薇
邓奕球
方洪波
刘振声
陈秋强
陈涛
蔡勋江
黄海盛
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Dongguan City environmental monitoring junction centre
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种去除水中亚甲基蓝的吸附材料及其对水中亚甲基蓝的去除方法,吸附材料按如下方法制备得到,将氧化石墨烯分散于去离子水中,然后加入γ‑环糊精形成混合液,控制混合液温度并调节其pH值,随后加入水合肼对氧化石墨烯进行还原,得到固体产品,最后经反复水洗、离心即得。将吸附材料添加至含亚甲基蓝溶液中,调节混合溶液pH值为1‑10,然后将其放入恒温振荡器,控制温度到15‑35℃,振荡12h,待吸附完成后,利用滤膜对吸附后的余液进行过滤,即完成对水中亚甲基蓝的去除。本发明所制备的石墨烯/γ‑环糊精复合吸附材料对水中亚甲基蓝呈现较高的吸附容量。

Description

一种去除水中亚甲基蓝的吸附材料及其对水中亚甲基蓝的去 除方法
技术领域
本发明涉及水中亚甲基蓝的去除,具体涉及一种去除水中亚甲基蓝的吸附材料及其对水中亚甲基蓝的去除方法,属于水处理技术领域。
背景技术
纺织、皮革、造纸、印刷和化妆品等行业排放的废水中含有大量芳香结构酚类化合物,这些含酚类废水的肆意排放,给人类和生态环境带来了严重的危害。亚甲基蓝作为废水中最常见酚类污染物,如何去除废水中的亚甲基蓝显得格外重要。吸附法由于操作简单、高效、灵活,因此被认为是最具前景的方法之一。吸附法的关键在于吸附材料的选择和制备,一种理想的吸附材料应该具有稳定的化学性质和丰富的吸附位点。目前,由于碳纳米材料拥有巨大的比表面积和丰富的活性位点,因此在环境吸附领域引起极大关注。
石墨烯是由单层碳原子组成的二维新型碳纳米材料,拥有巨大的比表面积(理论值高达2630m2/g)和较强的化学稳定性。此外,石墨烯的骨架结构中还含有大量未成键π电子,这些未成键π电子可与带苯环有机物中的电子成键,因而对芳香族有机物表现出较强的吸附能力。然而,由于石墨烯自身的π-π作用,溶液中的石墨烯极易团聚,从而降低石墨烯的比表面积和吸附位点,进而降低其吸附能力。
为了提高石墨烯的分散性能和吸附能力,可以在石墨烯表面负载具有较强吸附能力的超分子化合物。γ-环糊精是一种比较常见、使用较为广泛的超分子化合物。它是由8个D-(+)毗喃葡萄糖单元通过糖苷键结合形成的环状低聚糖,具有内腔疏水、外部亲水的独特结构,可通过非共价键作用(如疏水作用力、氢键、范德华力等)与不同分子形成包合物,因而对芳香族有机污染物表现出较强的包合分离能力。然而,由于γ-环糊精表面羟基具有亲水性,使得γ-环糊精呈现较强的水溶性,很难单独应用于芳香族有机物的分离。因此,必须将γ-环糊精固定在稳定性较强的固体表面,以提高其分离效率。将γ-环糊精负载到碳纳米材料(如碳纳米管、富勒烯等)表面则会实现这一目标。然而,由于碳纳米管、富勒烯表面基团较少,导致其表面负载的γ-环糊精数量有限,从而造成修饰后的纳米材料对芳香族有机化合物的吸附并不理想。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述不足,本发明的目的是提供一种去除水中亚甲基蓝的吸附材料及其对水中亚甲基蓝的去除方法,本发明对水中亚甲基蓝具有较高的吸附容量。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种去除水中亚甲基蓝的吸附材料,按如下方法制备得到,将氧化石墨烯分散于去离子水中,然后加入γ-环糊精形成混合液,控制混合液温度并调节其pH值,随后加入水合肼对氧化石墨烯进行还原,得到固体产品,最后经反复水洗、离心,得到石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合材料,该石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合材料即为去除水中亚甲基蓝的吸附材料。
具体制备步骤如下,
1)将氧化石墨烯加入去离子水中,超声1~4h,得到氧化石墨烯分散液;氧化石墨烯的浓度为5mg/ml;
2)将环糊精加入到氧化石墨烯分散液中,调节混合液pH值为8~11;环糊精的添加量为氧化石墨烯质量的1~12倍;
3)将水合肼加入步骤2)得到的混合液中,控制混合液温度至50~80℃,待反应1~12h后,得到固体产品;水合肼与氧化石墨烯的质量体积比为(1~50):1;
4)将固体产品反复水洗至中性,经离心,即得到石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合材料。
去除水中亚甲基蓝的方法,将前述制备的石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料添加至含亚甲基蓝溶液中,每升溶液的添加量为0.1~0.5 g,调节混合溶液pH值为1-10,然后将其放入恒温振荡器,控制温度到15-35℃,振荡12h,待吸附完成后,利用滤膜对吸附后的余液进行过滤,即完成对水中亚甲基蓝的去除。
优选地,每升溶液的添加量为0.2g,调节溶液pH为8,恒温振荡器温度为25℃,振荡12h。
相比现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明合成过程简单,操作方便,条件易控,能够进行批量生产,且在合成过程中不会对石墨烯的物理结构和化学性质产生破坏;
(2)本发明所制备的石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合材料能够有效克服石墨烯的团聚问题,显著提高石墨烯的分散性能和比表面积。另外,γ-环糊精的负载增加了石墨烯的吸附位点,进而提高其对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力;
(3)本发明所制备的石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料对水中亚甲基蓝呈现较高的吸附容量。
附图说明
图1是氧化石墨烯的SEM图。
图2是实施例4制得的石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料的SEM图。
图3是实施例4制得的石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能图。
具体实施方式
本发明去除水中亚甲基蓝的吸附材料,按如下方法制备得到,将氧化石墨烯分散于去离子水中,然后加入γ-环糊精形成混合液,控制混合液温度并调节其pH值,随后加入水合肼对氧化石墨烯进行还原,得到固体产品,最后经反复水洗、离心,得到石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合材料,该石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合材料即为去除水中亚甲基蓝的吸附材料。
本发明具体制备步骤如下,
1)将氧化石墨烯加入去离子水中,超声1~4h,得到氧化石墨烯分散液;氧化石墨烯的浓度为5mg/ml;
2)将环糊精加入到氧化石墨烯分散液中,调节混合液pH值为8~11;环糊精的添加量为氧化石墨烯质量的1~12倍,其中10倍为最佳;
3)将水合肼加入步骤2)得到的混合液中,控制混合液温度至50~80℃,待反应1~12h后,得到固体产品;水合肼与氧化石墨烯的质量体积比为(1~50):1,其中最优比例为30:1;
4)将固体产品反复水洗至中性,经离心,即得到石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合材料。
步骤2)的pH值和步骤3)的温度控制在于激活氧化石墨烯与γ-环糊精之间的反应活性,温度的差异会影响γ-环糊精在氧化石墨烯表面的负载量,50~80℃的温度对复合材料的形貌没有影响且还能够提高环糊精在氧化石墨烯表面的负载量。
本发明去除水中亚甲基蓝的方法,将制备的石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料添加至含亚甲基蓝溶液中,每升溶液的添加量为0.1~0.5 g,调节混合溶液pH值为1-10,然后将其放入恒温振荡器,控制温度到15-35℃,振荡12h,待吸附完成后,利用滤膜对吸附后的余液进行过滤,即完成对水中亚甲基蓝的去除。
优选地,每升溶液的添加量为0.2g,调节溶液pH为8,恒温振荡器温度为25℃,振荡12h。
下面结合具体实施例和附图,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
(1)将0.1g氧化石墨烯加入20ml去离子水中,超声1h,得到5mg/ml氧化石墨烯分散液;
(2)将0.1g γ-环糊精加入到氧化石墨烯分散液中,调节混合液pH 值为8;
(3)将2ml水合肼加入混合液中,控制混合液温度至50℃,待反应3h后,得到固体产品;
(4)将固体产品反复水洗至中性,经离心,得到石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料。
实施例2
(1)将0.1g氧化石墨烯加入20ml去离子水中,超声3h,得到5mg/ml氧化石墨烯分散液;
(2)将0.4g γ-环糊精加入到氧化石墨烯分散液中,调节混合液pH值为8;
(3)将3ml水合肼加入混合液中,控制混合液温度至60℃,待反应4h后,得到固体产品;
(4)将固体产品反复水洗至中性,经离心,得到石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料。
实施例3
(1)将0.1g氧化石墨烯加入20ml去离子水中,超声4h,得到氧化石墨烯分散液;
(2)将0.7g γ-环糊精加入到氧化石墨烯分散液中,调节混合液pH值为9;
(3)将3ml水合肼加入混合液中,控制混合液温度至60℃,待反应6h后,得到固体产品;
(4)将固体产品反复水洗至中性,经离心,得到石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料。
实施例4
(1)将0.1 g氧化石墨烯加入20ml去离子水中,超声2h,得到氧化石墨烯分散液;
(2)将0.8g γ-环糊精加入到氧化石墨烯分散液中,调节混合液pH值为9;
(3)将3ml水合肼加入混合液中,控制混合液温度至60℃,待反应8h后,得到固体产品;
(4)将固体产品反复水洗至中性,经离心,得到石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料。
图2是实施例4制得的石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料的SEM图。图3是实施例4制得的石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能图。
实施例5
(1)将0.1 g氧化石墨烯加入20ml去离子水中,超声3h,得到氧化石墨烯分散液;
(2)将1g γ-环糊精加入到氧化石墨烯分散液中,调节混合液pH值为9;
(3)将4ml水合肼加入混合液中,控制混合液温度至70℃,待反应10h后,得到固体产品;
(4)将固体产品反复水洗至中性,经离心,得到石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料。
实施例6
(1)将0.1 g氧化石墨烯加入20ml去离子水中,超声4h,得到氧化石墨烯分散液;
(2)将1.2g γ-环糊精加入到氧化石墨烯分散液中,调节混合液pH值为9;
(3)将3ml水合肼加入混合液中,控制混合液温度至60℃,待反应12h后,得到固体产品;
(4)将固体产品反复水洗至中性,经离心,得到石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料。
本发明通过如下方法验证所制备的石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附容量:将石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料添加至含亚甲基蓝溶液中,每升溶液的添加量为0.2g,调节吸附体系pH 为8,然后将其放入恒温振荡器,控制温度到25℃,振荡12h,待吸附完成后,利用滤膜对吸附后的余液进行过滤,即完成对水中亚甲基蓝的去除。吸附材料的吸附容量采用紫外-可见分光光度计测量,实验结果如表1所示。
表1是石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附容量
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6
亚甲基蓝 218 mg/g 298 mg/g 360 mg/g 444 mg/g 443 mg/g 444 mg/g
本发明利用氧化石墨烯拥有更大的比表面积以及丰富且种类较多的活性基团(羟基、羧基、环氧基),因而在其表面能够负载更多数量的γ-环糊精。图1是氧化石墨烯的SEM图。然而,由于氧化石墨烯表面含氧基团会阻碍其骨架结构中未成键π电子与带苯环有机物中的电子成键,所以本发明将γ-环糊精负载的氧化石墨烯化学还原成石墨烯,以实现石墨烯和γ-环糊精的协同吸附。此外,由于石墨烯表面负载有亲水性的γ-环糊精,提高了石墨烯的分散性能,阻止石墨烯的团聚,进一步提高其吸附能力。
本发明合成方法简单,操作方便、成本低廉;同时解决了石墨烯易团聚的特点,大大提高了吸附材料的比表面积,增加石墨烯和γ-环糊精的吸附位点。本发明制备的吸附材料具有分散性好、识别能力强、吸附量大,易吸附等优点,为水体中亚甲基蓝的处理提供了简单可行的方法和手段。
本发明的上述实施例仅是为说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其他不同形式的变化和变动,这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。

Claims (2)

1.去除水中亚甲基蓝的方法,其特征在于:将石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料添加至含亚甲基蓝溶液中,每升溶液的添加量为0.1~0.5 g,调节混合溶液pH值为1-10,然后将其放入恒温振荡器,控制温度到15-35℃,振荡12h,待吸附完成后,利用滤膜对吸附后的余液进行过滤,即完成对水中亚甲基蓝的去除;
石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料按如下方法制备得到:
1)将氧化石墨烯加入去离子水中,超声1~4h,得到氧化石墨烯分散液;氧化石墨烯的浓度为5mg/ml;
2)将环糊精加入到氧化石墨烯分散液中,调节混合液pH值为8~11;环糊精的添加量为氧化石墨烯质量的1~12倍;
3)将水合肼加入步骤2)得到的混合液中,控制混合液温度至50~80℃,待反应1~12h后,得到固体产品;水合肼与氧化石墨烯的质量体积比为(1~50):1;利用步骤2)的pH值和步骤3)的温度激活氧化石墨烯与γ-环糊精之间的反应活性;
4)将固体产品反复水洗至中性,经离心,即得到石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料;
石墨烯/γ-环糊精复合吸附材料制备中利用氧化石墨烯拥有更大的比表面积以及丰富且种类较多的活性基团,从而在其表面负载更多数量的γ-环糊精;由于氧化石墨烯表面含氧基团会阻碍其骨架结构中未成键π电子与带苯环有机物中的电子成键,利用水合肼将γ-环糊精负载的氧化石墨烯化学还原成石墨烯,以实现石墨烯和γ-环糊精的协同吸附。
2.根据权利要求1所述的去除水中亚甲基蓝的方法,其特征在于:每升溶液的添加量为0.2g,调节混合溶液pH为8,恒温振荡器温度为25℃,振荡12h。
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