CN106183320A - 离子液体碳纳米远红外辐射发热材料的研发与应用 - Google Patents

离子液体碳纳米远红外辐射发热材料的研发与应用 Download PDF

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CN106183320A
CN106183320A CN201610522834.8A CN201610522834A CN106183320A CN 106183320 A CN106183320 A CN 106183320A CN 201610522834 A CN201610522834 A CN 201610522834A CN 106183320 A CN106183320 A CN 106183320A
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conductive
fiber
silk
ionic liquid
liquid carbon
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张锁江
刘艳荣
聂毅
张凯亮
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Institute of Process Engineering of CAS
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种以离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝制备远红外发热体的方法及其应用领域。该远红外发热体所用的碳纳米导电纤维主要导电物质为碳纳米管、石墨烯、纳米超导炭黑或者其两者及两者以上的组合。通过对该碳纳米导电纤维/丝进行不同的编排及组合，可制备出使用电压为5‑220V，表面发热温度在25‑100℃可调，所需功率为2‑220w/m2的远红外发热体。该发热体接通电源后可激发导电物质自身发射远红外线从而将热量以辐射的形式送入空间。该远红外辐射波长范围为3‑15μm，为细胞生长所需的最佳吸收波长，属于节能保健型远红外发热体。

Description

离子液体碳纳米远红外辐射发热材料的研发与应用
技术领域：
本发明属于碳纳米远红外辐射发热材料领域，具体涉及离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝产品的制备方法及其应用技术。
背景技术：
目前，常用的导电纤维主要有金属系导电纤维、导电高分子型纤维、碳系导电纤维等。金属系导电纤维可满足大部分要求，但自重过大，比电导率较低，已不能满足航空航天、汽车、移动设备等领域的轻量化要求；导电高分子型纤维在一定程度上克服了纤维本身导电性能较差的问题，但该导电物质是否环保且是否安全地解决纤维长久导电问题还尚存质疑；碳纤维具有热膨胀系数小、优良的导电性和导热性、耐油、耐腐蚀、抗辐射等优异性能，但碳纤维的制备工序复杂，技术基本被国外一些发达国家掌控，国内碳纤维工业虽可以进行规模化生产，但产量和质量与国外碳纤维相比还有一定的差距。因此，碳纤维市场现在还是由国外碳纤维公司控制，价格也是居高不下，从一定程度上影响了碳纤维产品的使用。
据统计，2000年到2012年，导电类纤维的产量由61万吨，增长到近420万吨，增长近6倍，显然，随着国内外导电类纤维的市场需求不断增加，其未来的需求量必将出现急剧攀升。开发新型的制作工艺简单、高导电性、环保耐用等优异性能的导电纤维/丝及其产品，是亟待发展的技术。
本发明前期开发了离子液体碳纳米导电液，由离子液体为分散剂、水为溶剂、碳纳米管/石墨烯/纳米超导炭黑或其两者或三者组合为导电物质，添加一定的润湿剂、渗透剂及消泡剂等所制备。进一步以不同材质的纤维/丝经离子液体碳纳米导电液浸染或滚涂或刮涂后烘干成型而得离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝进行远红外发热体的制备及产品开发。该技术的优势在于所使用的离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝重量轻、强度高、传热和导电性好、电阻可控，使用离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝所制备的远红外发热体发热速度快、温度和电压可调、节能环保、柔软耐折、剪裁方便、耐高低温且可远红外辐射发热等。该发热体不仅解决了金属材料比重大、发热时电磁波辐射及高分子型导电纤维是否环保的问题，相对于碳纤维其价格较低。因此，本发明在军工、工业及农业等领域有广阔的应用前景。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是开发一种使用离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝制备远红外发热体及其应用技术。且该发热体具有导电性好、发热速度快、发热温度均匀、耐磨损、不易老化、节能环保、柔软耐折等优势。为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种以离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝制备远红外发热体的方法及其应用技术，其中，详述了该远红外发热体的制备方法。
所述远红外发热体所使用的离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝是经由离子液体为分散剂、水为溶剂、碳纳米管和/或石墨烯和/或纳米超导炭黑为导电物质，添加一定的润湿剂、渗透剂及消泡剂等所制备的离子液体碳纳米导电液浸染或滚涂或刮涂后烘干成型而得。
所述远红外发热体可以为导电布或导电线缆等，其接通电源后，可激发其自身辐射波长范围为3-15μm的远红外线。
所述远红外导电布是由离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝与绝缘纤维按照不同的方式编排，垂直导电纤维的两侧按照宽度所需各排列一排金属电极作为正负极纺织后，贴合绝缘材质成相应的产品。其编排方式主要为经向/纬向为绝缘纤维/丝，所对应的纬向/经向为导电纤维/丝或导电纤维/丝与绝缘纤维间隔排列，所需导电布幅宽可通过调整垂直导电纤维两侧金属正负极的距离而获得
所述导电布两侧的电极的材质主要为铜丝、镀锡铜丝、银丝或铜丝、镀锡铜丝、银丝分别与纤维捻合而成等。
所述导电线缆为单根或多根离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝合股后，表面包覆绝缘材质制备而成。
所述纤维线或丝主要包括纯棉、混纺棉、天丝、涤纶丝、芳纶丝、丙纶丝、氨纶丝、腈纶丝、锦纶丝、毛线、蚕丝、蛋白纤维、麻/亚麻纤维、竹炭纤维、玉米纤维、聚酯纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、维纶纤维、酚醛纤维。
所述绝缘材质主要为PET、PVC、PE、PP、PC、TPU、PBT、EVA、阻燃棉、玻纤、橡胶及布匹等。
具体实施方式：
本发明用以下实施例说明，但本发明并不限于下述实施例，在不脱离前后所述宗旨的范围内，所有基于本发明基本思想的修改和变动，都属于本发明请求保护的技术范围内。
实施例1
将300D、导电性能为102-104Ω/cm的离子液体碳纳米导电涤纶纤维作为纬向，绝缘涤纶纤维作为经向，银丝为正负极，制备成宽度为50cm，长为120cm的导电布，导电布经TPU膜、阻燃棉及防水布贴合包覆后，可制备成使用电压为24V，功率为40-50w/m2，表面发热温度在30-35℃，远红外辐射波长为3-15um的远红外手术毯。
实施例2
将300D、导电性能为102-104Ω/cm的离子液体碳纳米导电涤纶纤维作为纬向，绝缘涤纶纤维作为经向，铜丝为正负极，制备成宽度为65cm，长为150cm的导电布，导电布经TPU膜、阻燃棉及防水布贴合包覆后，可制备成使用电压为36V，功率为55-80w/m2，表面发热温度在30-35℃，远红外辐射波长为3-15um的远红外保健毯。
实施例3
将75D、导电性能为103-105Ω/cm的离子液体碳纳米导电腈纶纤维作为纬向，绝缘腈纶纤维作为经向，铜丝为正负极，制备成宽度为100cm，长为180cm的导电布，导电布经无纺布及防水透气布贴合包覆后，可制备成使用电压为110V，功率为110-150w/m2，表面发热温度在40-45℃，远红外辐射波长为3-15um的远红外电热地毯。
实施例4
将导电性能为102-104Ω/cm的离子液体碳纳米导电棉纤维作为纬向(1根导电棉纤维与5根绝缘棉纤维相间隔编织)，绝缘棉纤维作为经向，铜丝为正负极，制备成宽度为65cm，长为150cm的导电布，导电布经与PET贴合后，可用于制备使用电压为220V，功率为200-220w/m2，表面发热温度在90-100℃，远红外辐射波长为3-15um的远红外烘干履带。
实施例5
将导电性能为103-105Ω/cm的离子液体碳纳米导电棉纤维作为纬向(1根导电棉纤维与5根绝缘棉纤维相间隔编织)，绝缘棉纤维作为经向，铜丝为正负极，制备成宽度为100cm，长为180cm的导电布，导电布经PET膜贴合后，可制备成使用电压为220V，功率为200-220w/m2，表面发热温度在50-55℃，远红外辐射波长为3-15um的远红外电热地暖材料。
实施例6
将导电性能为103-105Ω/cm的离子液体碳纳米导电麻纤维作为纬向，绝缘麻纤维作为经向，锡铜丝为正负极，制备成宽度为10cm，长为120cm的导电布，导电布经防水透气布贴合后，可制备成使用电压为12V，功率为8-10w/m2，表面发热温度在30-35℃，远红外辐射波长为3-15um的远红外保健腰带。
实施例7
将150D、导电性能为103-105Ω/cm的离子液体碳纳米导电氨纶纤维作为纬向，绝缘氨纶纤维作为经向，锡铜丝为正负极，制备成宽度为30cm，长为30cm的导电布，导电布经阻燃橡胶贴合后，可制备成使用电压为24V，功率为30-35w/m2，表面发热温度在40-45℃，远红外辐射波长为3-15um的远红外脚垫。
实施例8
将150D、导电性能为103-105Ω/cm的离子液体碳纳米导电涤纶纤维作为纬向，绝缘涤纶纤维作为经向，锡铜丝为正负极，制备成宽度为65cm，长为100cm的导电布，导电布经TPU，阻燃棉贴合后，表面覆以铝合金板，喷绘后，可制备成使用电压为220V，功率为180-220w/m2，表面发热温度在55-60℃，远红外辐射波长为3-15um的远红外电热壁画。
实施例9
将导电性能为103-105Ω/cm的离子液体碳纳米导电棉纤维作为纬向，绝缘棉纤维作为经向，铜丝为正负极，制备成宽度为40cm，长为50cm的导电布，导电布经与环氧树脂热压成型后，可应用于使用电压为36V，功率为48-50w/m2，表面发热温度在35-40℃，远红外辐射波长为3-15um的远红外矿井保温箱材料。
实施例10
将300D、导电性能为103-105Ω/cm的离子液体碳纳米导电芳纶丝5根合股后，表面包覆耐高温PVC膜后，可制备成发热性能优良的远红外线缆。
实施例11
将300D、导电性能为103-105Ω/cm的离子液体碳纳米导电涤纶丝5根合股后，表面包覆玻纤后，可制备成使用电压为220V，发热温度≤200℃的化工加热带。
实施例12
将75D、导电性能为102-104Ω/cm的离子液体碳纳米导电芳纶纤维作为纬向，绝缘芳纶纤维作为经向，铜丝为正负极，制备成宽度为45cm，长为45cm的导电布，导电布经与射击靶纸贴合后，可制备成使用电压为12V，功率为20-28w/m2，表面发热温度在30-32℃，远红外辐射波长为3-15um的远红外靶纸。
实施例13
将导电性能为102-104Ω/cm的离子液体碳纳米导电羊毛线或蚕丝作为纬向，绝缘羊毛线或蚕丝作为经向，银丝为正负极，制备成宽度为14cm，长度可调的导电布，导电布经与防水、透气及防尘布贴合后，剪裁拼接可应用于电压为5V，表面发热温度在28-35℃，远红外辐射波长为3-15um的远红外电加热服装。
实施例14
将导电性能为103-105Ω/cm的离子液体碳纳米导电棉纤维作为纬向，绝缘棉纤维作为经向，铜丝为正负极，制备成宽度为100cm，长度可调的导电布，导电布经与PP耐高温膜贴合后，可应用于电压为220V，表面发热温度在40-45℃，远红外辐射波长为3-15um的远红外室温栽培箱。
以上详细描述了本发明的实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本发明的思想，其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims (8)

1.一种利用离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝制备远红外发热体的方法。其特征在于，使用离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝通过不同的排布方式或与绝缘纤维/丝结合可制备成不同规格的远红外发热体。其制备工艺如下：将绝缘纤维/丝经由离子液体为分散剂、水为溶剂、碳纳米管和/或石墨烯和/或纳米超导炭黑为导电物质，添加一定的润湿剂、渗透剂及消泡剂等所制备的离子液体碳纳米导电液浸染或滚涂或刮涂后烘干成型而得离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝；将上述所制备的离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝与绝缘纤维按照不同的方式编排，垂直导电纤维的两侧按照宽度所需各排列一排金属电极作为正负极纺织后，贴合绝缘材质可制备成离子液体碳纳米导电布；将上述所制备的离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝单根或多根合股后，表面包覆绝缘材质制备而成离子液体碳纳米导电线缆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述导电布的编排方式主要为经向/纬向为绝缘纤维/丝，所对应的纬向/经向为导电纤维/丝或导电纤维/丝与绝缘纤维间隔排列，所需导电布幅宽可通过调整垂直导电纤维两侧金属正负极的距离而获得。
3.根据权利要求1和2任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述导电布两侧的电极的材质主要为铜丝、镀锡铜丝、银丝或铜丝、镀锡铜丝、银丝分别与纤维捻合而成等。
4.根据权利要求1和2任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，该导电布接通电源后，不同幅宽的导电布，达到最高温度的时间范围为30s-5min；使用功率范围为20-220w/m2；远红外辐射波长范围为3-15μm。
5.根据权利要求1和2任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述离子液体碳纳米导电纤维/丝与绝缘纤维基材主要为纯棉、混纺棉、天丝、涤纶丝、芳纶丝、丙纶丝、氨纶丝、腈纶丝、锦纶丝、毛线、蚕丝、蛋白纤维、麻/亚麻纤维、竹炭纤维、玉米纤维、聚酯纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、维纶纤维、酚醛纤维。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述离子液体碳纳米导电线缆每厘米的电阻值为10-105Ω/cm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述绝缘材质主要为PET、PVC、PE、PP、PC、TPU、PBT、EVA、阻燃棉、玻纤、橡胶及布匹等。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述离子液体碳纳米导电布、导电线缆可应用于医疗器械、手术毯、中药/工业烘干，西药脱水、胶囊成型、电子器材、航空航天材料、远红外模拟靶/射击靶、矿井保温箱、化工保温带、保健手套/腰带/脚垫、发热线缆、地热材料、远红外发热毯/发热垫、电热壁画、室温栽培/灭菌及防静电或可发热服装等领域。
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CN111718615A (zh) * 2019-03-19 2020-09-29 德阳聪源光电科技股份有限公司 一种石墨烯发热油墨配方以及制备方法
CN110058428A (zh) * 2019-03-22 2019-07-26 中国空间技术研究院 一种双面主动红外发射率调节薄膜及其制备方法和应用
CN110058428B (zh) * 2019-03-22 2022-12-27 中国空间技术研究院 一种双面主动红外发射率调节薄膜及其制备方法和应用
CN112626848A (zh) * 2020-12-16 2021-04-09 郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院 便携式低压碳纳米电发热织物、制备方法及应用
CN112626848B (zh) * 2020-12-16 2023-08-25 郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院 便携式低压碳纳米电发热织物、制备方法及应用
CN113215708A (zh) * 2021-05-20 2021-08-06 常州市碳维观致智能科技有限公司 一种一次成型的远红外养生毯

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Application publication date: 20161207