CN106182250A - 一种玉米秸秆的防霉改性处理方法 - Google Patents

一种玉米秸秆的防霉改性处理方法 Download PDF

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CN106182250A
CN106182250A CN201610546309.XA CN201610546309A CN106182250A CN 106182250 A CN106182250 A CN 106182250A CN 201610546309 A CN201610546309 A CN 201610546309A CN 106182250 A CN106182250 A CN 106182250A
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李明
李东猛
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FUNAN COUNTY MENGFA ARTS & CRAFTS Co Ltd
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    • B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种玉米秸秆的防霉改性处理方法，包括如下步骤：（1）秸秆预处理、（2）改性处理、（3）干燥处理。本发明方法各步骤搭配科学合理，处理后的玉米秸秆具有良好的综合性能，与现有技术相比，玉米秸秆的防霉防虫时长延长了20~25%，吸水率降低了30%以上，耐火温度提高了30~40℃，使用稳定性和寿命更佳。

Description

一种玉米秸秆的防霉改性处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种秸秆的处理方法，具体涉及一种玉米秸秆的防霉改性处理方法。
背景技术
玉米不仅是人们的口粮和“饲料之王”，也是重要工业原料，可加工成的工业产品达3000多种。我国玉米工业加工迅速发展，消费的玉米大幅度增加，对我国乃至世界的玉米供求平衡和流通格局都产生了重大的影响。我国常年种植玉米3334万公顷，秸秆产量按每公顷6000~7500公斤计算，每年可生产秸秆 2000~2500亿公斤，很多被进行焚烧处理，较少一部分用于生产沼气，但是经济价值较低，人们逐渐尝试使用玉米秸秆编织工艺品来提高玉米秸秆的经济价值。但玉米秸秆容易发霉、变质，需经过处理后才可用作编织原料。现有的玉米秸秆处理后通常存在着防霉防虫效果不佳，防水性能较差，不易编织等问题。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种玉米秸秆的防霉改性处理方法。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种玉米秸秆的防霉改性处理方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）秸秆预处理：
a．将玉米秸秆浸入清水中，加热保持清水的温度为60~70℃，待玉米秸秆完全吸水饱和后取出备用；
b．将操作a处理后的玉米秸秆进行平整码放后，用外力进行挤压处理，待玉米秸秆内的水含量为40~50%时卸去外力；
c．将操作b处理后的玉米秸秆放入温度为55~60℃的条件下进行干燥处理，至玉米秸秆的水含量为25~30%即可；
（2）改性处理：
a．按重量份称取下列物质：3份苦楝叶、2份玉米须、2份烟叶、1.5份甲基纤维素、0.8份甲壳素、1份复合稀土、1.2份马丙共聚物、5份纳米凹凸棒土、3份聚乙二醇、2份甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、2份辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、150份水；
b．将苦楝叶、玉米须和烟叶共同混合粉碎后，再将其放入体积浓度为75%的乙醇溶液中，不断循环浸提5~7h，得浸提液备用；
c．将甲基纤维素、甲壳素、复合稀土、马丙共聚物、纳米凹凸棒土、聚乙二醇、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚共同与水混合，加热保持水温为47~52℃，再以800~1000转/分钟的转速进行搅拌，15~20min后，将操作b所得的浸提液加入，继续搅拌均匀后得改性液备用；
d．将步骤（1）预处理后的玉米秸秆浸入到操作c所得的改性液中，同时向改性液中施加交流电，共同处理1~1.5h后将玉米秸秆取出；
e．将操作d处理后的玉米秸秆放入温度为90~100℃、压力为8~10MPa的密闭罐中，稳温稳压10~12min后，瞬间降温泄压至常温常压后取出；
f．将操作e处理后的玉米秸秆返回操作d、e重复操作一次后，用去离子水冲洗一次后备用；
（3）干燥处理：
将操作（2）处理后的玉米秸秆放入恒温箱中进行干燥处理，干燥至玉米秸秆含水量小于20%即可。
进一步的，步骤（2）操作d中所述交流电的频率为80~100Hz，交流电的电流密度为110~120A/m2。
进一步的，步骤（3）中所述恒温箱内的温度为58~63℃。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
（1）本发明首先对玉米秸秆进行了预处理，放入温水中进行加热浸泡可初步软化秸秆，并祛除部分与改性剂不亲和成分，先进行挤压除水，再进行干燥可提高烘干效率，同时又可使其组织结构更为紧致。
（2）本发明的改性液成分简单，配制方便，能很好的增强玉米秸秆的防霉、防虫和防潮性能，同时在交流电的作用下，纳米凹凸棒土、聚乙二醇等有效成分与玉米秸秆的结合更为致密，最后再经过密闭罐及循环处理，可促进改性液的成分深入到玉米秸秆内部，进一步提高了改性液效果的发挥。
（3）本发明方法各步骤搭配科学合理，处理后的玉米秸秆具有良好的综合性能，与现有技术相比，玉米秸秆的防霉防虫时长延长了20~25%，吸水率降低了30%以上，耐火温度提高了30~40℃，使用稳定性和寿命更佳。
具体实施方式
一种玉米秸秆的防霉改性处理方法，包括如下步骤：
（1）秸秆预处理：
a．将玉米秸秆浸入清水中，加热保持清水的温度为63℃，待玉米秸秆完全吸水饱和后取出备用；
b．将操作a处理后的玉米秸秆进行平整码放后，用外力进行挤压处理，待玉米秸秆内的水含量为43~45%时卸去外力；
c．将操作b处理后的玉米秸秆放入温度为58℃的条件下进行干燥处理，至玉米秸秆的水含量为25~27%即可；
（2）改性处理：
a．按重量份称取下列物质：3份苦楝叶、2份玉米须、2份烟叶、1.5份甲基纤维素、0.8份甲壳素、1份复合稀土、1.2份马丙共聚物、5份纳米凹凸棒土、3份聚乙二醇、2份甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、2份辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、150份水；
b．将苦楝叶、玉米须和烟叶共同混合粉碎后，再将其放入体积浓度为75%的乙醇溶液中，不断循环浸提5.8h，得浸提液备用；
c．将甲基纤维素、甲壳素、复合稀土、马丙共聚物、纳米凹凸棒土、聚乙二醇、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚共同与水混合，加热保持水温为50℃，再以920转/分钟的转速进行搅拌，17min后，将操作b所得的浸提液加入，继续搅拌均匀后得改性液备用；
d．将步骤（1）预处理后的玉米秸秆浸入到操作c所得的改性液中，同时向改性液中施加交流电，共同处理1~1.5h后将玉米秸秆取出；
e．将操作d处理后的玉米秸秆放入温度为96℃、压力为8.7MPa的密闭罐中，稳温稳压10min后，瞬间降温泄压至常温常压后取出；
f．将操作e处理后的玉米秸秆返回操作d、e重复操作一次后，用去离子水冲洗一次后备用；
（3）干燥处理：
将操作（2）处理后的玉米秸秆放入恒温箱中进行干燥处理，干燥至玉米秸秆含水量小于20%即可。
进一步的，步骤（2）操作d中所述交流电的频率为95Hz，交流电的电流密度为112~117A/m2。
进一步的，步骤（3）中所述恒温箱内的温度为60℃。

Claims (3)

1.一种玉米秸秆的防霉改性处理方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）秸秆预处理：
a．将玉米秸秆浸入清水中，加热保持清水的温度为60~70℃，待玉米秸秆完全吸水饱和后取出备用；
b．将操作a处理后的玉米秸秆进行平整码放后，用外力进行挤压处理，待玉米秸秆内的水含量为40~50%时卸去外力；
c．将操作b处理后的玉米秸秆放入温度为55~60℃的条件下进行干燥处理，至玉米秸秆的水含量为25~30%即可；
（2）改性处理：
a．按重量份称取下列物质：3份苦楝叶、2份玉米须、2份烟叶、1.5份甲基纤维素、0.8份甲壳素、1份复合稀土、1.2份马丙共聚物、5份纳米凹凸棒土、3份聚乙二醇、2份甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯、2份辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚、150份水；
b．将苦楝叶、玉米须和烟叶共同混合粉碎后，再将其放入体积浓度为75%的乙醇溶液中，不断循环浸提5~7h，得浸提液备用；
c．将甲基纤维素、甲壳素、复合稀土、马丙共聚物、纳米凹凸棒土、聚乙二醇、甲基丙烯酸烯丙酯和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚共同与水混合，加热保持水温为47~52℃，再以800~1000转/分钟的转速进行搅拌，15~20min后，将操作b所得的浸提液加入，继续搅拌均匀后得改性液备用；
d．将步骤（1）预处理后的玉米秸秆浸入到操作c所得的改性液中，同时向改性液中施加交流电，共同处理1~1.5h后将玉米秸秆取出；
e．将操作d处理后的玉米秸秆放入温度为90~100℃、压力为8~10MPa的密闭罐中，稳温稳压10~12min后，瞬间降温泄压至常温常压后取出；
f．将操作e处理后的玉米秸秆返回操作d、e重复操作一次后，用去离子水冲洗一次后备用；
（3）干燥处理：
将操作（2）处理后的玉米秸秆放入恒温箱中进行干燥处理，干燥至玉米秸秆含水量小于20%即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米秸秆的防霉改性处理方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）操作d中所述交流电的频率为80~100Hz，交流电的电流密度为110~120A/m2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米秸秆的防霉改性处理方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中所述恒温箱内的温度为58~63℃。
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CN107471377A (zh) * 2017-09-19 2017-12-15 安徽阜南县万家和工艺品有限公司 一种改善棕榈藤尺寸稳定性的加工方法
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