CN106179501A - 一种聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106179501A CN106179501A CN201610511406.5A CN201610511406A CN106179501A CN 106179501 A CN106179501 A CN 106179501A CN 201610511406 A CN201610511406 A CN 201610511406A CN 106179501 A CN106179501 A CN 106179501A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- polyamic acid
- metal
- acid
- solution
- nanocatalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920005575 poly(amic acid) Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000011943 nanocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- -1 silver tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 10
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M gold monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Au+] FDWREHZXQUYJFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021608 Silver(I) fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monofluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Ag+] REYHXKZHIMGNSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001494 silver tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 5
- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PLIKAWJENQZMHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QQGYZOYWNCKGEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-yl)oxy]-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC(OC=2C=C3C(=O)OC(C3=CC=2)=O)=C1 QQGYZOYWNCKGEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007172 homogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1N GEYOCULIXLDCMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Aminophenyl ether Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1OC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 HLBLWEWZXPIGSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQVIHDPBMFABCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-carbonyl)-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC(C(C=2C=C3C(=O)OC(=O)C3=CC=2)=O)=C1 VQVIHDPBMFABCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJUCACGNNJFHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C1N[ClH](=O)NC2=C1NC(=O)N2 Chemical compound O=C1N[ClH](=O)NC2=C1NC(=O)N2 SJUCACGNNJFHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220317 Rosa Species 0.000 description 1
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRSVJNYNWNMJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cl].[Au] Chemical compound [Cl].[Au] BRSVJNYNWNMJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004847 absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008876 conformational transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001338 self-assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/165—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/27—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a liquid or molten state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/393—Metal or metal oxide crystallite size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/009—Preparation by separation, e.g. by filtration, decantation, screening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
- B01J2231/64—Reductions in general of organic substrates, e.g. hydride reductions or hydrogenations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/10—Complexes comprising metals of Group I (IA or IB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/17—Silver
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/10—Complexes comprising metals of Group I (IA or IB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/18—Gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/824—Palladium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/828—Platinum
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂及其制备方法。以聚酰胺酸为载体制备高分散金属纳米粒子,并将其作为催化剂来使用。本发明通过将水溶性聚酰胺酸盐溶液与金属盐混合,得到聚酰胺酸与金属离子的络合物,再将该络合物与还原剂反应,得到聚酰胺酸负载的金属纳米催化剂。本发明方法制备的负载型金属纳米催化剂稳定性好,分散性高,且具有pH敏感的水分散性。所述催化剂对对硝基苯酚的还原反应具有高效催化活性和重复利用性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于金属纳米催化剂制备技术领域,具体涉及一种准均相、可回收与重复利用的金属纳米催化剂及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种以水溶性聚酰胺酸盐为载体,以金属盐为金属前驱体,采用化学还原法,制备准均相分散的负载型金属纳米催化剂的方法。
背景技术
金属纳米粒子具有的超高比表面积,对反应物强烈的活性,以及巨大的物理化学修饰空间,使它们在催化剂领域越来越受到重视。常用于催化剂领域的金属有银、金、钯和铂等贵金属。然而,考虑到贵金属资源的有限,以及为了充分发挥金属纳米催化剂的高催化活性,一般需要将金属纳米粒子负载于适当的载体,从而保持金属纳米粒子高分散状态和可重复利用性。因此,开发催化剂的新型载体材料,以及建立金属纳米催化剂有效负载方法,是高性能催化剂研究的重要课题。
刺激响应性高分子是一类随着周围环境参数(如温度、pH、离子浓度等)的改变会发生可逆的构象转变的高分子。当用作金属纳米催化剂的载体时,刺激响应性高分子的某些物理或化学敏感性(如溶解性、体积、形状、比表面积和机械性能等),会对其所负载金属纳米催化剂的某些性能起调节作用。聚酰胺酸是一种含有大量羧基和酰胺基活性官能团的高分子,对金属具有较强的络合作用,因此水溶性聚酰胺酸溶液是原位制备高分散金属纳米粒子的良好介质体系。(Synthesis of silver nanocubes with controlled sizeusing water-soluble poly(amic acid)salt as the intermediate via a novel ion-exchange self-assembly technique,Nanoscale,2013,5,12132–12135)此外,聚酰胺酸是一种刺激响应性高分子,具有显著的pH敏感性,能赋予金属纳米催化剂更丰富的功能性(如可调的水分散性和微反应环境等),使其催化性能更加高效和智能化(Poly(amic acid)salt-stabilized silver nanoparticles as efficient and recyclable quasi-homogeneous catalysts for the aqueous hydration of nitriles to amides,NewJournal of Chemistry,2016,40(1),358–364)。到目前为止,仅有1篇文献报道以聚酰胺酸为载体制备金属纳米催化剂,但其所负载金属种类仅限于银,对更广泛的金属纳米催化剂的负载尚未见文献报道。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术的不足,提供一种聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂及其制备方法。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案为:
所述聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂中金属离子的摩尔数为聚酰胺酸羧基摩尔数的0.1—20倍,优选为2倍。其中,所述聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂的物理特征参数为:金属纳米粒子为类球状,平均粒径为1—20nm;化学特征参数为:金属纳米粒子呈零价态,聚酰胺酸分子结构中含有大量羧基与酰胺基。
所述聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将水溶性聚酰胺酸盐溶于去离子水中,配制成浓度为0.013-1.3wt%的聚酰胺酸盐水溶液;
(2)在聚酰胺酸盐水溶液中加入金属盐溶液,室温下搅拌均匀,得到金属离子与聚酰胺酸的络合物溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的络合物溶液与硼氢化钠或水合肼反应,得到聚酰胺酸负载的金属纳米催化剂分散液;
(4)用酸碱调节剂调节步骤(3)中得到的金属纳米分散液pH值为2—5,聚酰胺酸负载的金属纳米催化剂发生沉降,通过过滤清液,去除分散液中各种水溶性杂质离子,收集到的金属纳米催化剂沉降物再重新加入到pH值为7—12的酸碱调节剂中得到重分散,并最终恢复到准均相分散状态的聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂。
其中,步骤(1)所述水溶性聚酰胺酸盐由聚酰胺酸和胺类(如三乙胺、哌啶等)、醇胺类(如三乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、乙醇胺等)、季铵碱类(如四甲基氢氧化铵等)反应制得,聚酰胺酸由本领域技术人员熟知的缩聚反应得到,包括任何一种或多种二胺与任何一种或多种二酐缩聚得到的聚酰胺酸。如二胺可以是4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)、间苯二胺(m-PDA)、对苯二胺(p-PDA)等;二酐可以是均苯四酸二酐(PMDA)、3,3’,4,4’-二苯酮四酸二酐(BTDA)、3,3’,4,4’-二苯甲醚四酸二酐(ODPA)等。
步骤(2)所述金属盐溶液为硝酸银、乙酸银、银氨溶液、氟化银、四氟硼酸银、氯金酸、氯金酸钠、氯金酸钾、氯钯酸钠、氯钯酸钾、氯铂酸、氯铂酸钠、氯铂酸钾水溶液中的一种。优选为硝酸银、氯金酸、氯钯酸钠、氯铂酸钠水溶液中的一种。
步骤(3)所述络合物溶液与硼氢化钠或水合肼反应中,络合物溶液中的金属盐与硼氢化钠或水合肼的摩尔比为1:(0.5—20),优选为1:(1—2),反应温度为-5—100℃,优选为0℃,反应时间为0.5—24h,优选为2h。
步骤(4)所述酸碱调节剂为盐酸、乙酸、三乙胺、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠或碳酸钾。优选为乙酸和氢氧化钠。
本发明所述聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂可用于制备化学反应催化剂。
本发明中催化剂的制备原理如下:
聚酰胺酸盐水溶液中金属纳米粒子的制备过程主要经历2个阶段,如图8所示:a)金属离子(Mn+)与聚酰胺酸盐(PAAS)络合,形成金属–大分子(PAA–M–N)络合物;b)金属-大分子络合物被还原剂还原,并在聚酰胺酸盐的稳定作用下,形核和生长成金属纳米粒子(MNPs),从而得到聚酰胺酸负载的金属纳米催化剂。最终金属纳米粒子的尺寸、形状和分散状态与聚酰胺酸盐的种类、金属盐的用量、还原剂的用量、还原反应温度等有关。
本发明所述聚酰胺酸负载的金属纳米催化剂可催化还原对硝基苯酚(4-NP)反应为模型反应。通过4-NP被硼氢化钠(NaBH4)还原成对氨基苯酚(4-AP)的反应速率来评价上述金属纳米催化剂的催化活性,以及通过调节反应溶液pH值,使金属纳米催化剂实现便利的回收与再利用。
为了对比不同催化剂的活性差异,统一采用的催化反应条件为:4-NP的浓度为0.1mM,NaBH4的浓度为10mM,金属纳米催化剂的浓度为0.1—10μM。反应所用时间为5—60分钟。
与催化剂制备步骤(4)相同,可以在催化反应完成之后将金属纳米催化剂用酸沉降,实现金属纳米催化剂的回收,回收的金属纳米催化剂可以在碱性水溶液中重分散,并用于下一轮准均相催化。为了便于操作,将4-NP的还原反应规模进行放大,采用以下催化反应条件来评价催化剂的回收与重复催化效果:4-NP的浓度为0.05M,NaBH4的浓度为0.25M,金属纳米催化剂的浓度为2.5mM。反应所用时间为10min—2h。
本发明中催化剂的应用原理如下:
聚酰胺酸负载的金属纳米催化剂在水相中具有pH敏感性,这是由于聚酰胺酸分子结构中含有大量活性基团羧基。一方面,羧基对金属纳米粒子具有良好的络合作用,一方面,羧基具有弱电离作用,对溶液pH敏感。在中性和碱性条件下聚酰胺酸的羧基释放质子,电离成聚酰胺酸盐,从而对金属纳米粒子起到很好的分散作用,以实现高效的准均相催化。随着溶液酸性增强,聚酰胺酸质子化程度增加,原先舒展的高分子链逐渐蜷缩,将金属纳米粒子紧密包裹,以至金属纳米粒子从溶液中析出,简单过滤即可实现金属纳米催化剂的回收。回收的金属纳米催化剂能够在碱性水溶液中重分散,并用于下一轮准均相催化,如图9所示。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优越性:
1)本发明方法操作简单,适合大批量制备。
2)本发明方法适用于各种金属纳米催化剂的制备,且制备的金属纳米粒子尺寸可以非常小(<5nm),单分散性高。
3)本发明方法所制备的金属纳米催化剂具有pH敏感性,可有效用于金属纳米催化剂的纯化、准均相高效催化、回收与再利用。
4)本发明方法以水为溶剂,环保无污染。
总之,本发明以聚酰胺酸为载体制备高分散金属纳米粒子,并将其作为催化剂来使用。本发明通过将水溶性聚酰胺酸盐溶液与金属盐混合,得到聚酰胺酸与金属离子的络合物,再将该络合物与还原剂反应,得到聚酰胺酸负载的金属纳米催化剂。本发明方法制备的负载型金属纳米催化剂稳定性好,分散性高,且具有pH敏感的水分散性。所述催化剂对对硝基苯酚的还原反应具有高效催化活性和重复利用性。
附图说明
图1:实施例1中以PMDA/ODA基聚酰胺酸盐为载体,以硝酸银为银的前驱体,制得的银纳米粒子的TEM图像;
图2:实施例2中以BTDA/ODA基聚酰胺酸盐为载体,以氯金酸钠为金的前驱体,制得的金纳米粒子的TEM图像;
图3:实施例3中以ODPA/p-PDA基聚酰胺酸盐为载体,以氯铂酸钠为铂的前驱体,制得的铂纳米粒子的TEM图像;
图4:实施例4中以BTDA/m-PDA基聚酰胺酸盐为载体,以氯钯酸钠为钯的前驱体,制得的钯纳米粒子的TEM图像;
图5:不同溶液pH值下,聚酰胺酸盐负载的银纳米粒子的Zeta电位测量;
图6:重分散的金纳米粒子的TEM图像;
图7:聚酰胺酸盐负载的钯纳米催化剂催化对硝基苯酚还原反应过程中,随着反应时间的延长反应溶液的紫外-可见光吸收光谱变化曲线;
图8:聚酰胺酸盐水溶液中金属纳米粒子的制备过程;
图9:聚酰胺酸盐负载的钯纳米催化剂的应用原理。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例中采用的原料均为市售。
实施例1
取0.13g的PMDA/ODA基聚酰胺酸–三乙胺盐干丝溶于100mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解后,加入10mL浓度为0.1M的硝酸银溶液,搅拌均匀后,降温至0℃,快速加入10mL浓度为0.1M的硼氢化钠溶液,继续搅拌2小时,得到聚酰胺酸盐负载的银纳米催化剂,为深红棕色准均相溶液,共120mL。
实施例2
取0.13g的BTDA/ODA基聚酰胺酸–三乙醇胺盐干丝溶于100mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解后,加入10mL浓度为0.01M的氯金酸溶液,搅拌均匀后,降温至0℃,快速加入2mL浓度为0.1M的硼氢化钠溶液,继续搅拌2小时,得到聚酰胺酸盐负载的金纳米催化剂,为玫瑰红色准均相溶液,共112mL。
实施例3
取0.13g的ODPA/p-PDA基聚酰胺酸–三乙胺盐干丝溶于100mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解后,加入10mL浓度为0.01M的氯铂酸钠溶液,搅拌均匀后,降温至0℃,快速加入2mL浓度为0.1M的硼氢化钠溶液,继续搅拌2小时,得到聚酰胺酸盐负载的铂纳米催化剂,为淡黑色准均相溶液,共112mL。
实施例4
取0.13g的BTDA/m-PDA基聚酰胺酸–三乙醇胺盐干丝溶于100mL去离子水中,搅拌溶解后,加入10mL浓度为0.01M的氯钯酸钠溶液,,搅拌均匀后,降温至0℃,加入2mL浓度为0.1M的硼氢化钠溶液,继续搅拌2小时,得到聚酰胺酸盐负载的钯纳米催化剂溶液,为深黑色准均相溶液,共112mL。
实施例5 BTDA/ODA基聚酰胺酸–三乙醇胺盐负载的钯纳米催化剂的催化活性评价
用实施例4所制备的BTDA/ODA基聚酰胺酸–三乙醇胺盐负载的钯纳米催化剂为例研究其催化活性:将一定量的聚酰胺酸盐负载的钯纳米催化剂溶液经过适当的稀释,然后加入到1cm规格的比色皿中,随后分别加入一定量的去离子水、1mL浓度为30mM的NaBH4溶液和30μL浓度为10mM的4-NP溶液(保持反应溶液总体积为3mL),最后快速搅拌均匀并放入紫外–可见光光度计的样品槽中。通过实时测量反应物4-NP和产物4-AP的吸收情况来记录催化反应的进度,如图7所示。
表1列出了近几年来报道的各种准均相纳米金属纳米粒子对4-NP还原反应催化的效果。通过对比,我们肯定了聚酰胺酸负载的准均相金属纳米催化剂对4-NP还原反应具有比许多准均相金属纳米催化剂更高的催化活性。
表1各种准均相金属纳米粒子对4-NP还原反应的催化活性对比
实施例6 PMDA/ODA基聚酰胺酸–三乙胺盐负载的银纳米催化剂的回收与重复催化效果评价:(4-NP的浓度为0.05M,NaBH4的浓度为0.25M,金属纳米催化剂的浓度为2.5mM。反应所用时间为10min—2h。)将0.5mmol 4-NP和2.5mmol NaBH4分别加入到7.5mL去离子水中,随后在室温和氩气氛围下,加入2.5mL浓度为10mM的银纳米催化剂溶液,并剧烈搅拌反应。反应结束后,用1M的醋酸调节反应溶液至pH~3,并将反应溶液静置片刻,待催化剂完全沉降后,采用直接倾倒或者低速离心(5000rpm,10min)的方法,可以将聚酰胺酸负载的催化剂与清液分离。回收的催化剂加入到2.5mL水中,用1M的NaOH溶液调pH至—8,使催化剂重分散,即可直接用于下一次催化。(结果见表2)。
表2聚酰胺酸盐负载的银纳米催化剂催化对硝基苯酚还原反应的重复催化效果
Claims (9)
1.一种聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂,其特征在于,所述聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂中金属离子的摩尔数为聚酰胺酸羧基摩尔数的0.1—20倍。
2.如权利要求1所述的聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂,其特征在于,所述聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂中金属离子的摩尔数为聚酰胺酸羧基摩尔数的2倍。
3.权利要求1或2所述聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂的制备方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将水溶性聚酰胺酸盐溶于去离子水中,配制成浓度为0.013-1.3wt%的聚酰胺酸盐水溶液;
(2)在聚酰胺酸盐水溶液中加入金属盐溶液,室温下搅拌均匀,得到金属离子与聚酰胺酸的络合物溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的络合物溶液与硼氢化钠或水合肼反应,得到聚酰胺酸负载的金属纳米催化剂分散液;
(4)用酸碱调节剂调节步骤(3)中得到的金属纳米分散液pH值为2—5,聚酰胺酸负载的金属纳米催化剂发生沉降,通过过滤清液,去除分散液中各种水溶性杂质离子,收集到的金属纳米催化剂沉降物再重新加入到pH值为7—12的酸碱调节剂中得到重分散,并最终恢复到准均相分散状态的聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述水溶性聚酰胺酸盐由聚酰胺酸和胺类、醇胺类、季铵碱类反应制得。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述金属盐溶液为硝酸银、乙酸银、银氨溶液、氟化银、四氟硼酸银、氯金酸、氯金酸钠、氯金酸钾、氯钯酸钠、氯钯酸钾、氯铂酸、氯铂酸钠、氯铂酸钾水溶液中的一种。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述金属盐溶液为硝酸银、氯金酸、氯钯酸钠、氯铂酸钠水溶液中的一种。
7.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述络合物溶液与硼氢化钠或水合肼反应中,络合物溶液中的金属盐与硼氢化钠或水合肼的摩尔比为1:(0.5—20),反应温度为-5—100℃,反应时间为0.5—24h。
8.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述酸碱调节剂为盐酸、乙酸、三乙胺、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠或碳酸钾。
9.权利要求1或2所述聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂在制备化学反应催化剂中的应用。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610511406.5A CN106179501A (zh) | 2016-07-01 | 2016-07-01 | 一种聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂及其制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610511406.5A CN106179501A (zh) | 2016-07-01 | 2016-07-01 | 一种聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂及其制备方法 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN106179501A true CN106179501A (zh) | 2016-12-07 |
Family
ID=57464103
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201610511406.5A Pending CN106179501A (zh) | 2016-07-01 | 2016-07-01 | 一种聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂及其制备方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN106179501A (zh) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107175130A (zh) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-09-19 | 中南大学 | 聚酰胺酸盐稳定的金银合金纳米催化剂及制备方法以及其在醇胺氧化偶联反应中的应用 |
CN115301293A (zh) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-11-08 | 华东理工大学 | 一种β-CD改性聚电解质稳定的金属纳米粒子、及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115501917A (zh) * | 2022-11-01 | 2022-12-23 | 航天科工(长沙)新材料研究院有限公司 | 一种纳米金催化剂及其制备方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5183692A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1993-02-02 | Motorola, Inc. | Polyimide coating having electroless metal plate |
CN104587919A (zh) * | 2014-12-07 | 2015-05-06 | 北京化工大学 | 一种核壳型聚酰亚胺@金属/金属氧化物/金属硫化物复合微球的制备方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-07-01 CN CN201610511406.5A patent/CN106179501A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5183692A (en) * | 1991-07-01 | 1993-02-02 | Motorola, Inc. | Polyimide coating having electroless metal plate |
CN104587919A (zh) * | 2014-12-07 | 2015-05-06 | 北京化工大学 | 一种核壳型聚酰亚胺@金属/金属氧化物/金属硫化物复合微球的制备方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
JUN LI ET AL: ""A highly robust and reusable polyimide-supported nanosilver catalyst for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol"", 《MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY》 * |
JUN LI ET AL: ""Poly(amic acid) salt-stabilized silver nanoparticles as efficient and recyclable quasi-homogeneous catalysts for the aqueous hydration of nitriles to amides"", 《NJC》 * |
VICTOR M. KARIUKI ET AL: ""An electrochemical sensor for nitrobenzene using π-conjugated polymer-embedded nanosilver"", 《ANALYST》 * |
VICTOR M. KARIUKI ET AL: ""Synthesis and catalytic, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of gold and silver nanoparticles using biodegradable, Π-conjugated polyamic acid"", 《ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE NANO》 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107175130A (zh) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-09-19 | 中南大学 | 聚酰胺酸盐稳定的金银合金纳米催化剂及制备方法以及其在醇胺氧化偶联反应中的应用 |
CN115301293A (zh) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-11-08 | 华东理工大学 | 一种β-CD改性聚电解质稳定的金属纳米粒子、及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115501917A (zh) * | 2022-11-01 | 2022-12-23 | 航天科工(长沙)新材料研究院有限公司 | 一种纳米金催化剂及其制备方法 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN103817319B (zh) | 一种具有树枝状结构的含铜双金属纳米材料及其制备方法 | |
Wunder et al. | Kinetic analysis of catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol by metallic nanoparticles immobilized in spherical polyelectrolyte brushes | |
You et al. | Boosting catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles for 4-nitrophenol reduction: Modification of metal naoparticles with poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) | |
CN102389983B (zh) | 一种贵金属纳米颗粒的合成方法 | |
CN104043481B (zh) | 一种功能化石墨烯担载贵金属纳米晶复合催化剂的制备方法 | |
WO2023274269A1 (zh) | 一种贵金属负载共价有机框架的复合材料及其制备方法 | |
Kundu et al. | Size-selective synthesis and catalytic application of polyelectrolyte encapsulated gold nanoparticles using microwave irradiation | |
JP5543021B2 (ja) | コアシェル型磁性合金ナノ粒子の調製方法 | |
CN103464203B (zh) | 温敏性微凝胶非对称性负载纳米银催化剂的制备方法 | |
CN104070177B (zh) | 一种银、金纳米粒子的制备方法 | |
KR101235873B1 (ko) | 은 나노입자의 제조방법 | |
CN106179501A (zh) | 一种聚酰胺酸负载金属纳米催化剂及其制备方法 | |
CN102500755A (zh) | 一种石墨烯负载金属纳米颗粒复合物的制备方法 | |
CN103352254A (zh) | 一种八面体铂铜合金纳米晶的制备方法及其制备的八面体铂铜合金纳米晶 | |
CN109647517A (zh) | 一种用于硝基苯及其衍生物加氢催化剂制备方法 | |
CN113797936B (zh) | 一种Pt-Cu合金空心纳米球的水相制备方法及应用 | |
CN105127446A (zh) | 一种贵金属纳米双锥体及其制备方法 | |
CN109894149A (zh) | 一种复合纳米结构催化剂及其制备和应用 | |
Lin et al. | In situ synthesis of easily separable Au nanoparticles catalysts based on cellulose hydrogels | |
CN101740191B (zh) | 一种纳米磁性氧化铁粒子组装在金颗粒表面的复合微粒及制备方法 | |
CN110935444B (zh) | 一种制备贵金属合金/还原氧化石墨烯复合材料的方法 | |
CN102781817B (zh) | 金属纳米带的制备方法 | |
CN106670495A (zh) | 一种网络状Ag-Au-Pd三金属多孔材料的制备方法 | |
CN106187783B (zh) | 聚酰胺酸负载钯纳米催化剂在芳香硝基化合物的氢化反应中的应用 | |
CN102294240B (zh) | 一种用于TMBQ加氢生产TMHQ的Pd/C催化剂及制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20161207 |