CN106171042A - 用于制造产品或完成产品的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于制造产品或完成产品的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN106171042A
CN106171042A CN201480073142.9A CN201480073142A CN106171042A CN 106171042 A CN106171042 A CN 106171042A CN 201480073142 A CN201480073142 A CN 201480073142A CN 106171042 A CN106171042 A CN 106171042A
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谢尔·林斯科格
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/267—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/02—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by a sequence of laminating steps, e.g. by adding new layers at consecutive laminating stations
    • B32B37/025—Transfer laminating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
    • B32B37/22—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of both discrete and continuous layers
    • B32B37/223—One or more of the layers being plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/26—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer which influences the bonding during the lamination process, e.g. release layers or pressure equalising layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0008—Electrical discharge treatment, e.g. corona, plasma treatment; wave energy or particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B32B38/0036—Heat treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/40—Ice detection; De-icing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/912—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9121—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature
    • B29C66/91211—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods
    • B29C66/91214—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by measuring the temperature with special temperature measurement means or methods by measuring the electrical resistance of a resistive element belonging to one of the parts to be welded, said element acting, e.g. as a thermistor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/02—Layer formed of wires, e.g. mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
    • B32B2037/1253—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives curable adhesive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/26—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer which influences the bonding during the lamination process, e.g. release layers or pressure equalising layers
    • B32B2037/268—Release layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/546—Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • B32B2398/10—Thermosetting resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2603/00—Vanes, blades, propellers, rotors with blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/06—Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H05B3/345—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles knitted fabrics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/36—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
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  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及制造产品或完成产品的方法。柔性垫(20)由未完全固化的热固性塑料制造，其中该垫包括导电材料的物品(10)。然后根据成形工具或为了与产品相倚靠或相接触来形成该包括物品(10)的未完全固化的垫(20)，接着垫(20)的最终固化通过对物品(10)供应电力的方式或通过外部的热供应或紫外光来实现。本发明还涉及一种装置及其使用。

Description

用于制造产品或完成产品的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分的制造产品或完成产品的方法。本发明还涉及一种装置及其应用。
背景技术
当有需要的时候，比如物体暴露在发生覆冰风险的天气环境下，防止不同物体的结冰是成问题的。作为一个非限制性的例子，可以说风力涡轮机上的旋翼的结冰是一个问题，本发明对于该问题提供了一个非常有效的解决方案。存在很多不同的例子，其中存在加热的需要并且其中本发明提供了非常有利的解决方案来提供热量。
另一个问题是要实现可靠的温度测量和温度调节，尽管实际温度依赖于风速和空气湿度等其它东西。根据本发明，可以建立这种参数以便可以防止例如初期结冰或覆冰等。
还有另一个问题是要建立或指示例如移动产品中的操作干扰，以便可以在早期阶段应用修复措施，用于防止损坏的目的。本发明还针对大量安全问题和警报问题，比如壳体穿透、裂缝形成等，提供了有吸引力的解决方案。
本发明还有助于以最佳方式来调节固化(curing)和最终的固化。
发明内容
发明目的
本发明的目的是提供一种方法和装置，其通过利用半成品(intermediateproduct)而使得产品的生产和产品的完成两者都成为可能。
这些目的通过在权利要求中指示的特征化特性来实现。
本发明的优点
本发明使得在物体的加热中非常有利的替代物成为可能。如果有必要，本发明使得例如与现有产品的简单集成的解决方案成为可能。本发明还使得生产能够放置到靠近期望加热地点的单独的加热产品成为可能。
本发明还使得温度，包括固化温度和施加温度两者等的指示、控制和调节成为可能。
本发明还使得产品的完成或其中存在关于裂缝形成、穿透等的指示要求的产品的完成成为可能。
本发明还使得为预期的最终产品的执行而提供一种(未完全固化的)半成品成为可能。
本发明同时具备技术和经济优势。
附图说明
本发明的实施例将在下面参照附图进行更详细地描述，附图中
图1示意性示出了根据本发明第一实施例的物品的一部分，
图2示意性示出了根据本发明的柔性垫的从上方看的视图，
图3以横截面的形式示意性示出了包括物品的垫的一部分，
图4以横截面的形式示意性示出了还包括保护箔的垫的一部分，
图5以横截面的形式示意性示出了另一个实施例中的垫的一部分，
图6示意性示出了第二实施例中的从上方看的垫，
图7示意性示出了贯穿工具的垂直剖面，在该工具上制造根据本发明的产品的一个例子，
图8示意性示出了风力涡轮机的旋翼的横截面，其表示按照根据本发明的方法完成的产品的一个例子。
具体实施方式
图1示出了物品10的一部分，该物品10是由具有电绝缘外层的导电线11构造而成，使得相邻的线交叉能够不具有短路的风险。自然能够使用绝缘带等来代替绝缘线n。
物品10例如可通过图1所示的编织操作来生产。应当理解的是，物品的形状、尺寸和图案当然可以根据需要和期望而变化。例如，可能使用直径范围约为0.1-1.5mm的漆包绝缘铜线11且模板(mask)尺寸约为1-30mm。物品期望的性能自然会影响线直径和模板尺寸的选择。所示的具有单一导线的物品10意味着在所示的例子中的单个的电路。如果物品10是以双线编织的，则可能会制得两个电路等。根据本发明的垫20当然可以包含几个不同类型的物品。
在替代实施例中，垫20也可以通过例如钩针编织操作来生产，或使用具有电绝缘外层的导电线11或带的其它线布置，使得相邻的线交叉或带交叉能够没有短路的风险。如果避免了线交叉，线/带在某些情况下可以是不绝缘的。
应当理解的是，垫20的尺寸、形状和线或带的图案当然可以根据需要和期望而改变。如上述图案变体的情况下，相同的前提条件适用于线的选择、带的选择、线的布置等。如果垫20由双线或双带制造，则可能会制得双电路。可选择地，一个电路可被用作发生线或带的破损情况下的备用电路。
图2和3示意性示出了根据上述任一替代物构造的垫20，该垫20包括未完全固化的热固性塑料的局部垫25，其可利用合适的增强材料来增强。热固性塑料可以是例如聚酯、环氧塑料或聚氨酯，并且任意的增强材料例如可以是玻璃纤维或碳纤维。
未完全固化的局部垫25引起物品10的粘合，使得它们形成具有可塑性/可弯性的连贯单元，这意味着它可以被卷起来或折叠起来进行储存和运输。在这种情况下有利的是，将一个临时保护箔30至少施加到局部垫25的背离物品的侧，例如用来消除在卷起或折叠的情况下粘在一起，从而简化运输。保护箔30在图4中被示出。
根据本发明的方法，编织的或钩编的物品10或用其它方法形成的物品10与至少一个局部垫25、26组合使用，以形成一个产品或完成一个产品。物品10自然地适于关于尺寸、形状和电阻方面的需要，使得它满足为了完成其任务的适当的技术要求。
图5示出了根据如上描述和例举的垫20，其包括具有任意增强材料的未完全固化的热固化塑料的两个局部垫25、26，其中该物品或多个物品10粘结性地被布置在局部垫之间。根据上述推理路线，任何保护箔自然地可以被粘结。
应当注意的是，包含物品10的垫20是一个其自身即构成局部产品的组装单元。必要的粘附可以通过在对垫20压缩后的局部固化而得到加强。保护箔根据期望和需要而应用。
当物品10被锚定在未完全固化的热固性塑料的一个或两个局部垫25、26上时，例如，应用对要被完成的产品形式的实际对象发生，其中未完全固化的热固性塑料被最终固化。任意的保护箔30在最后的应用操作之前自然地已经被移除，其中含有包含局部垫/诸局部垫25，26的物品10的垫20根据产品的形状而被成形。在包含物品10的垫20粘附到产品上的同时，通过经由物品10的温度测量和经由调节的功率供应向物品供应热量，最终的固化可以被调节和控制。
图6示出了根据本发明的垫20，其包含导电线或两个导电带的两个物品10，使得可能存在两个电流回路等。几个平行的电路通常会增加安全性，并且通常需要较低的工作电压。
应当理解的是，在这种情况下，线或带11在支撑膜上的曲折类布置例如可以通过所谓的印刷电路方法或者通过布置在具有粘合能力的箔上来进行，由此形成物品10。物品10的性质因此可以根据线或带11期望的应用方法而变化。线/带11自然地也可以直接地以图案铺设在局部垫25上。
应当理解的是，垫20的尺寸、形状和导电图案当然可以根据需要和期望进行改变。如果使用了电绝缘带或线，如先前描述的带或线的交叉也成为可能。
应当理解的是，例如，如图6所示的垫20自然地可以具有如图3-5所示的构造变形。
图7示出了根据本发明的垫如何通过成形工具而形成一个区别性产品的例子。例如图中所示，所需数量的垫20被形成为靠近夹具或工具50放置。所示工具具有矩形的水平横截面。所示产品60因此为箱形。对工具50的隔离介质(releaseagent)可以是例如由垫20支持的保护箔，或者隔离介质被安排在工具上。根据本发明，最终固化的进展由物品10的电阻测量来控制，并且通过对产品的电力供应或通过能够与工具一起集成的外部热源或UV光来产生固化热。最终固化的产品60从工具上移除，并且在所示的情况下得到箱形。
图8示出了风力涡轮机的转子叶片/翼80形式的产品，其利用根据本发明的垫20被已经完成。该垫已经被形成为靠近翼放置，其中任意保护箔在垫与翼的接触侧被提前移除。在垫的背离翼的外侧，例如可以安排耐磨的保护膜/箔85。然后受控的最终固化通过物品10中的电阻测量和用先前描述过的方式之一来供热而发生。垫20在固化时粘附到翼80上，并且然后完成该翼/产品。垫20中的物品10随后被用于通过电阻测量来勘测结冰的风险，并且通过电力供应来对抗结冰。
从上述应该理解的是，根据本发明的连贯的未完全固化的垫20可以是能够被用于制备新产品的半成品，但是也可以作为对现有产品的补充。连贯的未完全固化的垫20也可以自然地作为一个单蚀的产品出售。
热固化塑料可以是例如聚酯、环氧塑料或聚氨酯，并且任意的增强材料可以是例如玻璃纤维或碳纤维。
通过将多个较小的垫用于产品，例如，操作的安全性有时可以得到提高，并且可以简化任何维修的工作。
应当理解的是，根据本发明的垫也可以被用于制造一个单独的产品，其被放置在一个物体旁边，该物体要被加热或要保持无冰，例如，其中对物体形状的任何修改都是可能的。垫因此可以被最终固化，例如，成为一个独立的产品，其利用附着细节被任选地完成。
至于该垫的电加热，就电力供应、电性能、调节设备等而论，自然存在着许多可能的变型。交流电和直流电都能够被使用。
该垫可以被用作例如热垫、穿透保护(在断线情况下的报警)、在垫或产品上的裂缝指示，其是通过粘合、温度测量等来完成的。甚至在高运动速度下的包括结冰指示的温控除冰也属于该垫所胜任的领域，其中使用了适用于该目的的自然调节设备。在建筑工业、建造工业、道路、人行道、桥梁、隧道等中的除冰、加热和温度控制的应用是应用领域的非限制性例子。
在汽车工业中的应用领域的另一个非限制性例子是将垫应用到，例如F1汽车的空气控制叶片上，以帮助早期的裂缝指示，从而降低事故风险，其中可以通过垫的物品中的电阻检测来发现任何叶片裂缝。
在室内环境中应用的一个非限制性例子是例如地板下供暖、例如，防滑保护、浴室中的密封层等，其中未完全固化的垫可以作为一个能够在预定位置安装和最终固化的单独的产品出售。
垫可以容易地利用保护膜/箔来完成，该保护膜/箔适于实现例如耐磨性的预期性质和有吸引力的美学特性等的目的。保护箔也可以跟随垫至应用位置并且继续充当耐磨保护等。在这种情况下，保护箔在最终的固化时被固定地固化。
当最终的固化的垫形成一个单独的产品时，任何需要的附着细节都可以容易地与产品进行整合。
因此应当理解的是，根据本发明的垫具有非常大的应用范围，其中存在较大变型的可能性。
本发明因此并不限于所示出和描述的内容，但是它的变化和修饰是在下述权利要求的范围内可自然想到的。

Claims (13)

1.用于制造产品或完成产品的方法，其特征在于：制造未完全固化的热固性塑料的柔性垫(20)，并且该垫包括导电材料的物品(10)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：根据成形工具或为了与产品相倚靠或相接触来形成该包括物品(10)的未完全固化的垫(20)，并且然后垫(20)的最终固化通过对物品(10)供应电力的方式或通过外部的热供应或紫外光来实现.
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于：通过物品(10)中的电阻测量来控制和监测最终固化和/或固化温度的进展。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：利用对物品(10)的电流调节来控制最终固化的进展。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：垫(20)在其最终的固化后粘附到要完成的产品上。
6.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：使用隔离介质来防止垫(20)在其最终的固化后粘附到它的成形工具上，以便于从成形工具上移除最终固化的产品。
7.用于执行根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述方法的装置，其特征在于：垫(20)包含未完全固化的热固性塑料的至少一个局部垫(25，26)，其承载导电材料，优选为绝缘铜线或绝缘铜带的至少一个物品(10)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于：未完全固化的垫(20)被分为两个局部垫(25，26)，并且该局部垫位于物品(10)的不同侧。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装置，其特征在于：物品(10)包括以曲折方式布置的线或带(11)，或者替代地物品(10)的生产是通过使用线或带(11)的编织操作或钩针编织操作，或者替代地是通过使得线或带分布在垫(20)的表面上成为可能的另一种线或带的布置方式。
10.根据权利要求7-9中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：未完全固化的垫(20)在背离物品的至少一侧承受可移除保护箔(30)，以使得未完全固化的垫在储存或运输期间可以被卷起来或折叠起来。
11.根据权利要求7-10中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：未完全固化的垫(20)被配备有至少两个局部物品。
12.根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的方法和装置的应用，其特征在于：该装置被用于例如风力涡轮机的翼上以及在室外或室内环境中的其它应用的温度测量和/或产生热。
13.根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的方法和装置的应用，其特征在于：该装置被用于通过物品中的电阻测量来进行穿透指示或裂缝指示或破裂指示。
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Application publication date: 20161130