CN110546378A - 与风力发电设备或其它装置的翼片加热相关的方法和设备 - Google Patents

与风力发电设备或其它装置的翼片加热相关的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110546378A
CN110546378A CN201880017441.9A CN201880017441A CN110546378A CN 110546378 A CN110546378 A CN 110546378A CN 201880017441 A CN201880017441 A CN 201880017441A CN 110546378 A CN110546378 A CN 110546378A
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Prior art keywords
heating
mat
heating mat
fins
icing
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谢尔·林斯科格
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Xie Erlinsikege
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Xie Erlinsikege
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/40—Ice detection; De-icing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3404—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/344—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the type of heated elements which remain in the joint being a woven or non-woven fabric or being a mesh
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/3472—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3476—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" characterised by the composition of the heated elements which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/5326—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73753—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being partially cured, i.e. partially cross-linked, partially vulcanized
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
    • B29C66/73755—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/30—Lightning protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种在风力发电站或其它装置的翼片/叶片上施加加热垫(10)的方法，为了在需要时也在操作过程中实现除冰。通过加热垫(10)的脉冲电流来进行温度测量和除冰。本发明还涉及一种装置。

Description

与风力发电设备或其它装置的翼片加热相关的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及根据权利要求1中的前序部分所述的、用于加热翼片/叶片或其它装置的方法。本发明还涉及一种装置。
背景技术
用于识别和/或防止(在需要时)在受到有结冰危险的天气环境的风力发电站或风力涡轮机的翼片或转子叶片上结冰是一个问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是实现一种用于在风力发电站和类似装置上的翼片/转子叶片的冰检测、加热和除冰的方法。本发明的另一目的是实现一种方便根据本发明的方法的吸引人的装置。这些目标通过在本发明权利要求中确定的特征来实现。
这里必须指出，本发明基于在参考文献WO2015/105439A1中所述的某些基本原理。根据本发明，实现了一种方法和装置，该方法和装置方便在例如风力发电站或风力涡轮机的转子翼片/叶片上良好功能的应用。
发明优点
本发明能够是一种非常有利的替代方案，用于根据上述防止在翼片上形成冰，且不需要由于形成冰而停机。这带来了实质性的经济效益。根据本发明的装置能够很容易地应用于已经使用的翼片和新制造的翼片。本发明还能够进行预防性的翼片升温，从而甚至不能开始形成冰。根据本发明，还能够进行冰检测。本发明有很多技术和经济优点。
附图说明
下面将参考附图更详细地介绍本发明的实施例。
图1表示了在一个实施例中的加热垫的一部分的示意图，
图2表示了根据本发明的柔性垫单元的示意俯视图，其中，两个载体层位于加热垫的任意侧，
图3表示了包括两个载体层的垫单元的示意剖视图，
图4表示了转子翼片在应用根据本发明的装置之前的示意剖视图，
图5表示了在根据图4的翼片上的安装根据本发明的装置的示意图，以及
图6表示了在完成安装之后的翼片的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1表示了根据本发明的加热垫10的剖视图，该加热垫包括导电线11，该导电线有电绝缘的外层，从而能够相邻交叉布线，而没有短路的危险。
加热垫10通过编织操作来生产，例如在图1中所示。应当理解，垫的形状、尺寸、编织图形和网眼尺寸当然可以根据需要和偏好而变化。例如，人们能够使用漆包铜线11。加热垫的所需性能当然影响线直径和网孔尺寸的选择。所示垫(该垫是单线)形成一个电路。当加热垫由双线编织时，能够产生两个电路或者可选的备用电路。网眼尺寸也能够根据需要而在任何给定的加热垫内变化。
在替代实施例中，加热垫10也能够通过使用导电线11的钩编操作来制造，该导电线有电绝缘的外层，从而能够相邻交叉布线，而没有短路的风险。
应当理解，加热垫10的尺寸、形状和钩编图形当然可以根据需要和偏好而变化。与上述编织变化相同的情况也可用于线选择、网眼尺寸等。当加热垫10由双线制成时，能够有两个电路或者可选的备用电路。这里，网眼尺寸也可根据需要而在任何给定的加热垫内变化。
在上述情况下，条形和绝缘导电线也能够用于编织和钩编。
图2表示了根据一种上述替代方案而构成的加热垫10的示意图，该加热垫布置在不完全固化的热固性塑料的两个载体层15、16之间，该热固性塑料可以通过合适的增强材料来加强。热固性塑料可以包括例如聚酯、环氧树脂塑料或聚氨酯，且任何增强材料可以是玻璃纤维或其它合适纤维。已经发现玻璃纤维增强的环氧树脂塑料特别合适。
不完全固化的载体层15、16实现加热垫10的粘接，使得它们形成具有可成形性/柔韧性的粘接单元，这样，它能够卷起或折叠地储存。因此，有利的是将一个或多个临时保护箔(未示出)临时固定在载体层的、背离加热垫的该侧面/多个侧面上，以便防止载体层之间的粘附，例如在运输和随后的处理过程中。
图2中所示的垫单元20通过在同时压缩下进行特定程度的加热而制成粘接单元。
在图2所示的垫单元20中，载体层15、16表示为在两个相对端部处相对于加热垫10过多，以便形成凸出部。载体层15的凸出部表示为35、36，载体层16的凸出部表示为46、47。
图3表示了垫单元20的局部剖视图，这里应该提出，当需要时，在垫单元20中还可以包括额外的环氧树脂膜(未示出)，以便使得给定翼片获得良好的表面光洁度和良好的附着力。环氧树脂膜(未示出)还能够布置在加热垫10以及一个或两个载体层之间。在安装之前移除任何剥离膜(未示出)。
图4表示了转子翼片/叶片50的剖视图，不过应当理解，转子翼片的形状可以自然地变化，沿转子翼片的横截面尺寸也是这样。转子翼片50表示了所谓的临界点51，该临界点的近似位置在图中表示。在临界点的任一侧，翼片50的特征为压力侧52和吸力侧53。
图5表示了根据本发明的安装过程，通过将根据本发明的垫单元20布置在转子翼片50上。
垫单元20首先定位在翼片50的前边缘上，由此首先移除保护箔。因此，垫单元20将粘附在翼片的表面。然后，加热垫10的连接线与在电缆组80中的、适用于该目的的线连接，该电缆组沿转子翼片50布置。然后施加盖垫70，该盖垫可以由玻璃纤维增强的环氧塑料来制成，例如如图5中所示，且在盖垫的顶上布置避雷装置90。
然后布置柔性加热板100，该柔性加热板分成两个部分101、102，这两个部分可以由例如厚度大约0.5mm的弹簧钢或类似柔性材料来制成。板部分101、102有助于垫单元20和附近部件的合适水平性和良好的表面光洁度，这有助于在完成固化和移除板部分101、102之后无湍流地过渡至翼片50。应当理解，在某些情况下，板100也能够制成单件，或有与这里所示不同的另外的分开部分。
在板部分101、102的外侧布置了多个电加热源(未示出)，从而能够在不同区域中根据需要来调节固化热量。加热垫10也可以参与固化处理，以便保证充分固化，且有时可以用作唯一热源。加热垫10还能够用于在固化时测量温度。
在所示实例中，热固性塑料部件101、102布置成有特定交叠，例如在图5中所示。
还优选是布置拉紧装置110，例如成所谓的真空袋的形式，该真空袋密封抵靠在翼片50上，且优选是在固化处理之前真空设置该结构，以使得在加热板的部分与下面的部件之间的接触最大化。应当理解，在本发明的框架内能够有替代的拉紧装置。
因此，上述固化可能方案能够有充分和理想的固化结果。
一旦固化处理完成，就移除真空袋110和形成板/固化板100，然后检查所获得的结果，并能够采取任何需要的后续措施。
还能够同时进行两个或更多垫单元20的安装和固化，这些垫单元彼此紧邻间隔开或邻接，因此必须进行形成和固化板100和真空袋110的尺寸调节。
根据另一实施例，加热垫10能够分成两个不同的加热垫和垫单元20，因此，在两个垫单元之间的分开线优选是沿由翼片50的临界点确定的临界线51来延伸。因此能够设计两个加热垫10，这两个加热垫10在它们沿临界线的端部区域中具有较小网眼尺寸，以便增加热量。
这样的特殊优点是，两个加热垫能够更容易地适应通常在翼片50的压力侧52和吸力侧53上通常占主导的各种冰形成条件的需要。施加和安装根据上述原理来完成，布线将根据垫单元的需要来完成，以便单独控制。
当使用两个分开的垫单元而不是一个垫单元时，它们沿临界线连接，例如通过环氧树脂塑料。应当理解，在本发明的框架内，加热垫和垫单元当然能够进一步分割。
图6表示了装配有根据本发明装置的转子翼片50。根据本发明，沿所述转子翼片50最易于形成冰的部分装配有根据本发明的装置。
加热垫的连接线在安装垫单元20的过程中连续地与电缆组80中的合适线路连接，且优选是这样，加热垫并联地连接，以方便单独控制。在某些情况下能够进行串行连接。
锚固在盖垫70中的避雷装置90在安装垫单元时连续地纵向连接，并与现有的灯光保护系统连接。
通过改变在编织或钩编加热垫10中的网眼尺寸，能够根据主要要求来改变热输出。网眼尺寸可以在任何给定的加热垫内变化，并在加热垫的、将与翼片的前部部分和临界点接触的部分中较小，在加热垫的其它部分中更大。应当理解，多种不同的网眼尺寸因此能够在任何给定的加热垫内出现。这里还应当提出，大多数的冰形成通常发生在临界点处。
从上面所述可以理解，垫单元20的形状、尺寸和详细设计能够适应主要的要求，因此它例如能够包括多于一个加热垫10。堆叠的加热垫例如也能够有附加的中间环氧树脂膜。
对于除冰，通常最优选是在临界点/临界线的区域中进行加热，这能够通过本发明来实现。
本发明提供的可能方案(例如通过在加热垫中的单独电阻测量来进行的连续温度监测)能够显著地节省能量，因为能够在正确的阶段和程度上启动叶片加热。
在转子翼片上的给定加热垫中发生故障的情况下，能够暂时禁用在其它转子翼片上的相应加热垫，以便减小不平衡。
还布置了中心计算机，该中心计算机设置成用于特别收集来自各加热垫的测量数据以及用于单独控制通向加热垫的电流或脉冲电流。因此建立了与转子翼片中的双向通信装置的无线通信。
因此，中心计算机监测在转子翼片上的任何冰形成，并将电流图形引导至多个加热垫。还表示任何损坏。例如，中心计算机能够再与控制室进行远程通信。
因此，本发明允许沿翼片的不同加热水平，以便能够沿整个翼片都没有冰，这是主要的优点，因为冷却朝向翼片的尖端而增加。
应当注意，固化通常在使用脉冲电流的情况下进行，从而能够控制预期的固化温度，以便获得充分的固化结果。通过加热垫的脉冲电流和电阻测量来监测固化处理。
在根据本发明装置的使用中，脉冲电流将在监测和加热时提供关于翼片温度的信息。沉降指示器有时能够用作节能附加物。
在替代实施例中，第二避雷装置也能够布置在翼片50的、与灯光保护装置90相对的一侧，这导致在雷击情况下的甚至更好的保护。在这种情况下，优选是在等效盖垫70中以与灯光保护装置90相同的方式完成第二灯光保护器的施加，因此，电缆组80能够分成两个电缆组，这在加热垫沿临界线分开时特别有利。随后，当附加垫单元20布置在所述翼片上时，避雷装置和电缆组进行连接。避雷装置锚固在翼片的金属尖端中，并与风力发电设备的防雷保护系统的其余部分连接。
该加热板/多个加热板的设计当然必须适应上述情况。
当在垫单元20的背离翼片的一侧施加热固性塑料膜(例如环氧树脂膜)时，能够减少布置电缆组和避雷装置的区域的加热板的需要。因此，垫单元20的其它部分能够使用加热垫10来固化。热固性塑料膜提供了良好的表面光洁度。
根据本发明，大量的加热垫单元(部分)20沿翼片50的长度布置。各加热垫单元20提供了在操作时和在停机时进行单独温度测量和单独加热的可能性。因为加热能够根据沿翼片长度的需要来调节，因此能够显著地节省能量。这也能够补偿在不同翼片之间的不平衡。因此，在各垫部分/垫单元20中的单独温度测量导致低功率消耗和更好地除冰。
还能够调节给定加热垫单元20的尺寸，以方便任何将来的修理。
通过编织或钩编方法来生产加热垫10的主要优点是，在线中的温度变化的冲击不会对垫的外部尺寸产生任何影响。
还能够使用超过两根的平行线，例如5根线，以使得垫的加热性能适应各种操作情况。
因此，本发明并不局限于所示和所述的内容；在下面权利要求的范围内当然可设想本发明的变化和改进。

Claims (10)

1.用于在风力发电站的翼片/叶片或其它装置上施加多个加热垫的方法，为了在需要时在操作过程中还实现除冰，其特征在于，所述加热垫(10)首先施加在翼片(50)上的预定位置中，并提供所需的电连接，然后，将至少一个加热板(100)或等效物施加在加热垫(10)上或在加热垫附近，且布置拉紧装置(110)，该拉紧装置围绕加热垫和周围部件，然后，在驱动拉紧装置后进行固化。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：通过施加到加热垫单元(10)的脉冲电流来进行固化进程的控制。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于：由加热板(100)和/或通过加热垫(10)来产生硬化热。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的方法，其特征在于：安装的加热垫(10)用于在翼片(50)中的温度监测和用于翼片的除冰，通过优选使用脉冲电流，且脉冲电流损坏加热垫(10)，且加热垫(10)的损坏与周围部件例如翼片的损坏一起被指示。
5.用于测量风力发电站翼片或其它装置的温度和除冰的装置，为了在需要时在操作过程中实现除冰，其特征在于，该装置包括多个加热垫(10)，各加热垫集成至它自身的垫单元(20)中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于：加热垫(10)通过漆包金属线例如铜线的编织或钩编来制造，因此，网眼尺寸可以在任何给定的加热垫内变化。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于：网孔尺寸在翼片(50)的临界点/临界线(51)处较小。
8.根据权利要求5-7中任意一项所述的装置，其特征在于：垫单元(20)包括两个载体层(15、16)，这两个载体层布置在加热垫(10)的不同侧面上。
9.根据权利要求5-8中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于：该装置包括至少一个盖垫(70)，用于覆盖至少一个电缆组(80)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于：至少一个灯光保护装置(90)布置在该盖垫(70)或多个盖垫的外侧。
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