CN106164345A - 纤维生产系统和生产方法 - Google Patents

纤维生产系统和生产方法 Download PDF

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CN106164345A
CN106164345A CN201580009324.4A CN201580009324A CN106164345A CN 106164345 A CN106164345 A CN 106164345A CN 201580009324 A CN201580009324 A CN 201580009324A CN 106164345 A CN106164345 A CN 106164345A
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silk
raw material
tractive
roller
fiber production
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CN106164345B (zh
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O.图卡斯兰
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Husky Global Yarn Industry Of Coude And Trade Joint-Stock Co
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    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
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    • B65H63/024—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to reduction in material tension, failure of supply, or breakage, of material responsive to breakage of materials
    • B65H63/028—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to reduction in material tension, failure of supply, or breakage, of material responsive to breakage of materials characterised by the detecting or sensing element
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    • B65H63/06—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions ; Quality control of the package responsive to presence of irregularities in running material, e.g. for severing the material at irregularities ; Control of the correct working of the yarn cleaner
    • B65H63/062—Electronic slub detector
    • B65H63/065—Electronic slub detector using photo-electric sensing means, i.e. the defect signal is a variation of light energy
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/02—Heat treatment
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
    • D01D5/16—Stretch-spinning methods using rollers, or like mechanical devices, e.g. snubbing pins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
    • D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
    • D01F9/20—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products
    • D01F9/24—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F9/26—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J13/00—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J13/00—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass
    • D02J13/005—Heating or cooling the yarn, thread, cord, rope, or the like, not specific to any one of the processes provided for in this subclass by contact with at least one rotating roll
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种纤维生产系统(1)和生产方法，其使得在纤维生产期间应用的热处理能够实施为将激光应用在纤维上。本发明的目标是提供一种纤维生产系统(1)和生产方法，其使得能够经由激光束(L)对丝(F)实施瞬间热处理，并且其在纤维生产中通过快速加热和牵拉来消除丝结构中的缺陷点。

Description

纤维生产系统和生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种纤维生产系统和生产方法，其使得在纤维生产期间应用的热处理能够实施为将激光应用于纤维上。
背景技术
纤维生产通过加热并牵拉（draw）聚酯（诸如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚乳酸）以及聚酰胺（聚酰胺6、聚酰胺66）热塑性材料来实现。在纤维生产期间，应用以便牵拉呈纱线形式的纤维材料的热处理通常沿着线路经由加热辊和室实施。在加热在纤维生产中使用的材料中使用的加热室中，实施热空气或蒸汽应用。以此方式，纱线退火，并且使得能够保持给定形式。对于加热，常规方法、红外光束和蒸汽是当前优选的。热处理在纤维生产过程中通过热来允许纤维材料的塑化和牵拉。此外，通过以接近于结晶的温度进行退火而针对纤维的结晶所应用的热处理经由上述方法提供。
在纤维生产中使用的聚合物（例如聚酯（聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸等）、聚酰胺（聚酰胺6、聚酰胺66等））的热导率低。为此，热在热处理期间沿着纤维不均匀地分布。在处理期间到热源的距离可防止热有规律且连续地到达纤维并且可致使纤维的表面和内部不同地冷却（形成“皮芯”结构）。
发明内容
本发明的目标是提供一种纤维生产系统和生产方法，其使得能够经由激光对丝（filament）实施瞬间热处理，并且其在纤维生产中通过牵拉来消除丝结构中的缺陷点。
附图说明
开发用以实现本发明的目标的纤维生产系统和生产方法在附图中示出，其中；
图1是本发明纤维生产系统的示意图。
图中所示的部件每个给予如下参考编号：
1. 纤维生产系统
2. 熔体成形构件
3. 挤压构件
4. 冷却单元
5. 辊
6. 移动激光装置
7. 加热室
8. 相机
9. 控制构件
10. 绕线机
F. 丝
L. 激光束。
具体实施方式
在常规纤维生产系统中，热由于所应用的方法而无法均匀地施加于纤维材料上，并且其无法穿透到所述材料的整个结构中；相应地，本发明纤维生产系统(1)，其防止形成在纤维中的皮芯结构和/或消除此结构，包括
- 至少一个熔体成形构件(2)，其使得将在纤维生产中使用的聚合物原材料能够被加热并且熔化，
- 至少一个挤压构件(3)，其使得熔化原材料在其端部部分处能够穿过至少一个喷丝头，
- 至少一个冷却单元(4)，其通过冷却原材料来向从挤压构件(3)出来并且穿过喷丝头的原材料提供丝结构，
- 辊(5)，其使得原材料能够被加热到玻璃转化温度或结晶温度和/或高于玻璃转化温度或结晶温度，并且呈丝形式的纤维材料通过以某一张力被牵拉而达到某一结晶度，
- 至少一个移动激光装置(6)，其使得能够形成平衡热分布，并且因此丝结构中的缺陷通过在采用辊(5)牵拉丝(F)期间将激光束(L)应用于丝(F)上来经由热和辊通过牵拉消除，
- 至少一个加热室(7)，其定位于任何两个辊之间，优选地在第四辊之前，将热施加于材料上以便增大采用辊(5)所牵拉的纤维材料的结晶度，并且实现提供至材料的丝结构的连续性，
- 至少一个绕线机(10)，其用于在包装期间按绕线筒的形式捆扎成为丝结构的材料。
在本发明的优选实施例中，使用热塑性材料作为纤维原材料。此材料可优选地是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
在本发明的优选实施例中，控制构件(9)根据其从相机(8)接收的数据将移动激光装置(6)引导到相关部分，并且使得具有缺陷点的部分能够通过将激光束(L)局部应用于丝结构上通过被辊牵拉而被加热且校正，所述相机(8)可在丝(F)由辊(5)牵拉期间检测丝结构中的缺陷点。
在本发明的优选实施例中，将激光束(L)应用于纤维材料上的激光装置(6)是应用二氧化碳激光的装置。
在本发明的优选实施例中，将激光束(L)应用于纤维材料上的激光装置(6)是呈10.6 μm波长和脉冲形式的二氧化碳激光装置。
在本发明的另一实施例中，将激光束(L)应用于纤维材料上的激光装置(6)是纤维激光装置。
作为本发明纤维生产系统(1)的操作方法的纤维生产方法包括以下步骤
- 通过加热来使在纤维生产中待被使用的原材料熔化，
- 使所述熔化原材料穿过一喷丝头或多个喷丝头，
- 通过使穿过所述喷丝头的原材料穿过冷却单元(4)来使其成为丝结构，
- 将原材料加热到高于玻璃转化温度并牵拉其，
- 将原材料加热到结晶温度或高于结晶温度并牵拉其，
- 采用加热辊(5)牵拉呈丝形式的加热的原材料，
- 采用移动激光束(L)进行加热以便增大纤维材料中的结晶度并且采用热和张力校正缺陷点，
- 通过使丝穿过定位于任何两个辊之间、优选地在第四辊之前的加热室(7)来牵拉丝以便固定丝结构，
- 获得最终产品。
在本发明的优选实施例中，在采用加热辊(5)牵拉丝(F)的步骤中，在丝结构在两个加热辊(5)之间移动时将激光束(L)应用在所述丝结构上，并且实现均匀热分布，并且缺陷点通过加热和牵拉消除。
在本发明的优选实施例中，在于冷却单元(4)和绕线机(10)之间牵拉所述丝(F)的步骤中，在丝结构在加热辊(5)和加热室(7)之间移动时将激光束应用于所述丝结构的缺陷点上，并且实现均匀热分布，并且所述缺陷点通过加热和牵拉而消除。
在本发明的优选实施例中，在使熔化原材料穿过一喷丝头或多个喷丝头的步骤中，原材料保持在270℃ – 300℃的范围中。
在本发明的优选实施例中，在将原材料加热到高于玻璃转化温度的步骤中，原材料根据传输方向经由第一辊(5)被加热到80℃及以上。
在本发明的优选实施例中，在将原材料加热到高于结晶温度的步骤中，原材料根据牵拉方向经由第二辊(5)被加热到100℃及以上。
在本发明的优选实施例中，在采用加热辊牵拉呈丝形式的加热的原材料的步骤中，原材料根据传输方向经由第三辊(5)加热到200℃及以上。
在本发明的优选实施例中，在采用加热辊牵拉呈丝形式的加热的原材料的步骤中，第四辊(5)根据原材料的传输方向保持在室温，并且其相对于第三辊(5)较慢旋转，并且纤维上的张力减小。
在本发明的优选实施例中，在通过使丝穿过加热室(7)来牵拉所述丝以便固定丝结构的步骤中，加热室(7)被加热到200℃及以上。
本发明可用于由热塑性材料制造的纤维生产中。热塑性熔体首先穿过多个喷丝头（复丝）或单个喷丝头（单丝），并且然后其采用鼓风冷却单元(4)（用于薄纱线）或水浴（用于厚纱线）冷却。然后，将冷却的材料加热到高于玻璃转化温度并且然后结晶温度，在加热辊(5)上滑动并通过穿过加热室(7)而被牵拉，结晶度增大，并且所形成的结构固定。
在本发明生产系统(1)中，激光束(L)以移动方式指引到具有形变的点；其可更好、快速、暂时地并通过经受高温而被牵拉，并且可提供更好定向。
通过将激光束(L)应用于丝(F)上，热可以以快速且瞬间方式传达给丝(F)并且热可沿着丝的厚度穿透到丝中，并且这可防止在长时间内可经受另一热源的丝结构中发生的热降解。尤其在单丝的生产期间，表面冷却比内部快导致在单丝结构中称为“皮芯”的分层结构的形成。因此，可尤其在单丝生产中通过使用本发明方法来避免此问题，并且可通过沿着厚度的快速、瞬间加热并且然后牵拉来提供均匀结构。采用不同于任何其它热源的激光(L)产生的热可穿透到纤维中，并且可防止由不需要的不同冷却导致的“皮芯”结构的形成。本发明生产方法将还在并不具有热导率或其热导率低的热塑性纤维的生产中提供重要用途。由于在单丝过程中存在单个纱线并且其相对于复丝过程而言较慢，因此认为，激光应用在单丝生产中将更有效。在本发明生产方法中，应用于纤维材料上的激光(L)可以是是新技术的二氧化碳激光或纤维激光。
通过本发明方法，在纤维过程期间，纤维将不仅从外部并且还从内部经受直接、快速瞬间热。在采用该方法的纤维牵拉期间，激光指引到可采用快速相机检测到的形变点；在热的影响下软化的区域可被牵拉而不结成硬皮（crust）或降解。纤维将通过施加高度有效、局部且均匀的热而较短时间经受热，并且因此热降解将减少。结晶将通过均匀的热分布而更均匀。此外，相信聚合物纤维的可牵拉性将通过激光应用而增大。

Claims (14)

1.在传统纤维生产系统中，热由于所施加的方法而无法均匀地施加在纤维材料上，并且其无法穿透到所述材料的整个结构中；相应地，一种纤维生产系统(1)，其防止形成在所述纤维中的皮芯结构和/或消除该结构，其特征在于
- 至少一个熔体成形构件(2)，其使得在纤维生产中待被使用的聚合物原材料能够被加热并且熔化，
- 至少一个挤压构件(3)，其使得所述熔化原材料在其端部部分处能够穿过至少一个喷丝头，
- 至少一个冷却单元(4)，其通过冷却所述原材料来向从所述挤压构件(3)出来并且穿过所述喷丝头的所述原材料提供丝结构，
- 辊(5)，其使得所述原材料能够被加热到玻璃转化温度或结晶温度以上，并且使得呈丝形式的所述纤维材料能够通过以某一张力被牵拉而达到某一结晶度，
- 至少一个移动激光装置(6)，其使得能够形成平衡热分布，并且因此通过在采用所述辊(5)牵拉所述丝(F)期间将激光束(L)施加在所述丝(F)上经由热和所述辊借助牵拉来消除所述丝结构中的缺陷，
- 至少一个加热室(7)，其定位于任何两个辊之间，优选地在第四辊之前，将热施加在所述材料上以便增大在采用所述辊(5)牵拉的所述纤维材料中的结晶度，并且实现向所述材料提供所述丝结构的连续性，
- 至少一个绕线机(10)，其用于在包装期间以绕线筒的形式捆扎成为丝结构的所述材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的纤维生产系统(1)，其特征在于，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯材料作为纤维原材料。
3.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的纤维生产系统(1)，其特征在于，至少一个控制构件(9)，其使得能够根据其从至少一个相机(8)接收的数据来将所述移动激光装置(6)引导到相关区域，并且通过将激光束(L)局部施加在所述丝结构上采用热和牵拉来校正具有缺陷点的区域，所述至少一个相机(8)可在所述丝(F)由所述辊(5)牵拉期间检测所述丝结构中的缺陷点。
4.如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的纤维生产系统(1)，其特征在于，将激光束(L)施加在所述纤维材料上的移动激光装置(6)是施加二氧化碳激光的装置。
5.如权利要求4所述的纤维生产系统(1)，其特征在于，将激光束(L)施加在所述纤维材料上的移动激光装置(6)是呈10.6 μm波长和脉冲形式的二氧化碳激光装置。
6.如权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的纤维生产系统(1)，其特征在于，将激光束(L)施加在所述纤维材料上的移动激光装置(6)是纤维激光装置。
7.一种纤维生产方法，其是如前述权利要求中的任一项所述的纤维生产系统(1)的操作方法，其特征在于以下步骤
- 通过加热来使在纤维生产中待被使用的原材料熔化，
- 使所述熔化原材料穿过一喷丝头或多个喷丝头，
- 通过使穿过所述喷丝头的所述原材料穿过所述冷却单元(4)来使其成为丝结构，
- 将所述原材料加热到玻璃转化温度以上并牵拉其，
- 将所述原材料加热到所述结晶温度以上并牵拉其，
- 采用所述加热辊(5)牵拉呈丝形式的所述加热的原材料，
- 采用移动激光束(L)进行加热以便增大所述纤维材料中的结晶度并且采用热且通过牵拉来校正缺陷点，
- 通过使所述丝穿过加热室(7)来牵拉所述丝以便固定所述丝结构，
- 获得最终产品。
8.如权利要求7所述的纤维生产方法，其特征在于，在采用所述加热辊(5)牵拉丝(F)的步骤中，通过在所述丝结构在两个加热辊(5)之间移动时将激光束(L)施加在所述丝结构上的所述缺陷点上来提供均匀热分布并且采用张力消除所述缺陷点。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的纤维生产方法，其特征在于，在于所述冷却单元(4)和所述绕线机(10)之间牵拉所述丝(F)的步骤中，在所述丝结构在所述加热辊(5)和所述加热室(7)之间移动时将激光束施加在所述丝结构的所述缺陷点上，并且实现均匀热分布，并且所述缺陷点通过加热和牵拉而消除。
10.如权利要求7至9中的任一项所述的纤维生产方法，其特征在于，在使所述熔化原材料穿过一喷丝头或多个喷丝头的步骤中，所述原材料保持在270 ℃ – 300 ℃的范围中。
11.如权利要求7至10中的任一项所述的纤维生产方法，其特征在于，在将所述原材料加热到所述玻璃转化温度以上的步骤中，根据传输方向经由第一辊(5)将所述原材料加热到80 ℃及以上。
12.如权利要求7至11中的任一项所述的纤维生产方法，其特征在于，在将所述原材料加热到所述结晶温度以上的步骤中，根据传输方向经由第二辊(5)将所述原材料加热到100℃及以上。
13.如权利要求7至12中的任一项所述的纤维生产方法，其特征在于，根据传输方向经由第三辊(5)将呈丝形式的所述加热的原材料加热到200 ℃及以上。
14.如权利要求7至13中的任一项所述的纤维生产方法，其特征在于，在本发明的优选实施例中，在通过使丝穿过所述加热室(7)来牵拉所述丝以便固定丝结构的步骤中，将所述加热室(7)加热到200 ℃及以上。
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