CN106149164A - 涤纶复合pps高强度耐氧化基布 - Google Patents

涤纶复合pps高强度耐氧化基布 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN106149164A
CN106149164A CN201610730089.6A CN201610730089A CN106149164A CN 106149164 A CN106149164 A CN 106149164A CN 201610730089 A CN201610730089 A CN 201610730089A CN 106149164 A CN106149164 A CN 106149164A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
warp thread
base fabric
pps
terylene
polyester filament
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201610730089.6A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
蔡伟龙
刘滨
王巍
李彪
郑锦森
张静云
黄磊
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
XIAMEN SAVINGS ENVIRONMENTAL CO Ltd
Original Assignee
XIAMEN SAVINGS ENVIRONMENTAL CO Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by XIAMEN SAVINGS ENVIRONMENTAL CO Ltd filed Critical XIAMEN SAVINGS ENVIRONMENTAL CO Ltd
Priority to CN201610730089.6A priority Critical patent/CN106149164A/zh
Publication of CN106149164A publication Critical patent/CN106149164A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/47—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads multicomponent, e.g. blended yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
    • D02G3/045—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials all components being made from artificial or synthetic material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D03D13/008—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft characterised by weave density or surface weight
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B3/00—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating
    • D06B3/10—Passing of textile materials through liquids, gases or vapours to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing, impregnating of fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/244—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D06M15/256—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M2101/32—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/50—Modified hand or grip properties; Softening compositions
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/04—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET]
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/30—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polycondensation products not covered by indexing codes D10B2331/02 - D10B2331/14
    • D10B2331/301—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polycondensation products not covered by indexing codes D10B2331/02 - D10B2331/14 polyarylene sulfides, e.g. polyphenylenesulfide

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种涤纶复合PPS高强度耐氧化基布，其是由经纱与纬纱相互垂直交织而成，所述纬纱为涤纶纤维与PPS纤维混纺织造而成的混纺纱，所述经纱为涤纶纤维与PPS纤维混纺织造而成的混纺纱和预处理后的涤纶长丝经纱所构成，该经纱的混纺纱径向每隔20mm排布一根预处理后的涤纶长丝经纱。本发明涤纶复合PPS高强度耐氧化基布，性价比高，尺寸稳定性好，机械强力高，毛羽少，具有耐氧化、耐酸、耐水解的特性。

Description

涤纶复合PPS高强度耐氧化基布
技术领域
本发明涉及一种过滤毡用基布，特别是指一种涤纶复合PPS高强度耐氧化基布。
背景技术
过滤毡是袋式除尘器的核心部件，起着过滤空气粉尘的作用，被称为袋式除尘器的心脏。过滤毡通常以基布为中间骨架，在基布的两面通过短切纤维缠结制备而成。因此基布不但可以增加滤毡的尺寸稳定性，同时在一定条件下也可以提高滤料的整体耐化学性能。
目前过滤毡常用的PPS基布和涤纶基布在实际应用中不同程度上存在一些问题：前者由于价格昂贵，且不耐氧化，尤其是高温氧化情况下，强力下降显著，面对我国煤种复杂、煤质变化大的工况，使用寿命难以得到保障；后者虽然价格便宜，耐氧化性优异，但在温度较高工况使用下收缩比较严重，易发生应力松弛，产生毛丝问题。
有鉴于此，本设计人针对现有基布设计上未臻完善所导致的诸多缺失及不便，而深入构思，且积极研究改良试做而开发设计出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种性价比高，尺寸稳定性好，机械强力高，毛羽少，具有耐氧化、耐酸、耐水解特性的涤纶复合PPS高强度耐氧化基布，满足燃煤锅炉各种工况需求，延长过滤毡使用寿命。
为了达成上述目的，本发明的解决方案是：
一种涤纶复合PPS高强度耐氧化基布，基布是由经纱与纬纱相互垂直交织而成，所述纬纱为涤纶纤维与PPS纤维混纺织造而成的混纺纱，所述经纱为涤纶纤维与PPS纤维混纺织造而成的混纺纱和预处理后的涤纶长丝经纱所构成，该经纱的混纺纱径向每隔20mm排布一根预处理后的涤纶长丝经纱。
进一步，所述预处理后的涤纶长丝经纱是将涤纶长丝经过PTFE乳液浸渍处理，在130-150℃热处理1.5-3h，再加捻而成。
进一步，所述经纱及纬纱的混纺纱均是由涤纶纤维与PPS纤维按质量比15/85-45/55混合，缆型纺纱，纺纱速度为60-80m/min，加捻采用Z捻，捻度80-100捻/m。
进一步，所述基布克重为70-150g/m2。
本发明预处理后涤纶长丝经纱是将涤纶长丝经过PTFE乳液浸渍处理，在130-150℃热处理1.5-3h，再加捻而成，经过如此处理的涤纶长丝经纱表面光滑，不易变形，耐热性好，韧性好。
本发明采用涤纶纤维与PPS纤维混纺织造而成混纺纱，是考虑到涤纶纤维有一定疏水拒油性且优异的耐氧化性能，可提升PPS纤维的耐氧化性，而PPS纤维优异耐酸碱性和耐温性及其在高温下的尺寸稳定性，可有效提升涤纶纤维温度使用区间，从而在更广泛的工况范围中使用。
本发明涤纶纤维与PPS纤维按质量比15/85-45/55混合，是由于两种纤维断裂伸长率接近，相互混合强力不至受负面影响，过少的涤纶加入无法改善PPS纤维耐氧化性，过多的添加易影响最终基布耐温性能，仅在本发明混合比例范围内，所得基布耐氧化性得到显著改善且耐温性未受影响。
本发明涤纶纤维与PPS纤维混纺织造采用缆型纺纱，纺纱速度为60-80m/min，加捻采用Z捻，捻度80-100捻/m。不合适的纺纱速度易引起强力不匀，增加生产过程断头率，生产效率下降；加捻使纤维倾斜成螺旋线，受拉时倾斜纤维产生向心压力，纤维不易滑脱，但捻度过小，纤维间抱合力不足，存在纱线强力不匀率，捻度过大，强力利用率降低，加工困难，不利生产，仅在本发明纺纱速度及捻度范围内，所得到的混纺纱纤维间抱合力足，纱线不匀率低，强力大。
本发明径向每隔20mm排布一根预处理后涤纶长丝经纱，考虑到过滤毡径向强力主要由基布提供，径向适宜每隔20mm排布一根预处理后涤纶长丝经纱。
本发明涤纶复合PPS高强度耐氧化基布与现有产品相比，本发明涤纶复合PPS高强度耐氧化基布性价比高，尺寸稳定性好，机械强力高，毛羽少，手感滑爽，具有耐氧化、耐酸、耐水解特性，有效提升过滤毡使用寿命。
具体实施方式
为了进一步解释本发明的技术方案，下面通过具体实施例来对本发明进行详细阐述。
实施例1
基布是由经纱与纬纱相互垂直交织而成，纬纱为涤纶纤维与PPS纤维混纺织造而成的混纺纱，经纱为涤纶纤维与PPS纤维混纺织造而成的混纺纱和预处理后涤纶长丝经纱所构成，径向每隔20mm排布一根预处理后涤纶长丝经纱。预处理后涤纶长丝经纱是将涤纶长丝经过PTFE乳液浸渍处理，在130℃热处理3h，再加捻而成；混纺纱由涤纶纤维与PPS纤维按质量比15/85混合，缆型纺纱，纺纱速度为80m/min，加捻采用Z捻，捻度80捻/m；基布克重为120g/m2。
实施例2
基布是由经纱与纬纱相互垂直交织而成，纬纱为涤纶纤维与PPS纤维混纺织造而成的混纺纱，经纱为涤纶纤维与PPS纤维混纺织造而成的混纺纱和预处理后涤纶长丝经纱所构成，径向每隔20mm排布一根预处理后涤纶长丝经纱。预处理后涤纶长丝经纱是将涤纶长丝经过PTFE乳液浸渍处理，在150℃热处理1.5h，再加捻而成；混纺纱由涤纶纤维与PPS纤维按质量比45/55混合，缆型纺纱，纺纱速度为60m/min，加捻采用Z捻，捻度100捻/m；基布克重为120g/m2。
实施例3
基布是由经纱与纬纱相互垂直交织而成，纬纱为涤纶纤维与PPS纤维混纺织造而成的混纺纱，经纱为涤纶纤维与PPS纤维混纺织造而成的混纺纱和预处理后涤纶长丝经纱所构成，径向每隔20mm排布一根预处理后涤纶长丝经纱。预处理后涤纶长丝经纱是将涤纶长丝经过PTFE乳液浸渍处理，在140℃热处理2h，再加捻而成；混纺纱由涤纶纤维与PPS纤维按质量比40/60混合，缆型纺纱，纺纱速度为70m/min，加捻采用Z捻，捻度80捻/m；基布克重为120g/m2。
现有结构1
基布是由经纱与纬纱相互垂直交织而成，经纱为PPS纱；纬纱为PPS纱。基布克重为120g/m2。
现有结构2
基布是由经纱与纬纱相互垂直交织而成，经纱为涤纶长丝纱；纬纱为涤纶长丝纱。基布克重为120g/m2。
现有结构3
基布是由经纱与纬纱相互垂直交织而成，经纱为涤纶长丝纱；纬纱为PPS纱。基布克重为120g/m2。
性能测试：
基布断裂强度依据标准GB/T 3923.1-2013进行测定。
耐氧化强度保持率：将基布样品置于10%wt. H2O2溶液中85℃水浴24h，测试其断裂强度，强度保持率=处理后样品强度/未处理样品样品*100%。
高温尺寸稳定性：将基布样品置于210℃烘箱中烘烤90min，之后测试其热收缩率。
表1为 基布性能对比表
由上表可得出本发明涤纶复合PPS高强度耐氧化基布与现有产品相比，本发明涤纶复合PPS高强度耐氧化基布性价比高，尺寸稳定性好，机械强力高，毛羽少，手感滑爽，具有耐氧化、耐酸、耐水解特性，有效提升过滤毡使用寿命。
本实施例尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种涤纶复合PPS高强度耐氧化基布，其特征在于：基布是由经纱与纬纱相互垂直交织而成，所述纬纱为涤纶纤维与PPS纤维混纺织造而成的混纺纱，所述经纱为涤纶纤维与PPS纤维混纺织造而成的混纺纱和预处理后的涤纶长丝经纱所构成，该经纱的混纺纱径向每隔20mm排布一根预处理后的涤纶长丝经纱。
2.如权利要求1所述的涤纶复合PPS高强度耐氧化基布，其特征在于：所述预处理后的涤纶长丝经纱是将涤纶长丝经过PTFE乳液浸渍处理，在130-150℃热处理1.5-3h，再加捻而成。
3.如权利要求1所述的涤纶复合PPS高强度耐氧化基布，其特征在于：所述经纱及纬纱的混纺纱均是由涤纶纤维与PPS纤维按质量比15/85-45/55混合，缆型纺纱，纺纱速度为60-80m/min，加捻采用Z捻，捻度80-100捻/m。
4.如权利要求1所述的涤纶复合PPS高强度耐氧化基布，其特征在于：所述基布克重为70-150g/m2。
CN201610730089.6A 2016-08-26 2016-08-26 涤纶复合pps高强度耐氧化基布 Pending CN106149164A (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610730089.6A CN106149164A (zh) 2016-08-26 2016-08-26 涤纶复合pps高强度耐氧化基布

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610730089.6A CN106149164A (zh) 2016-08-26 2016-08-26 涤纶复合pps高强度耐氧化基布

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN106149164A true CN106149164A (zh) 2016-11-23

Family

ID=57343114

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201610730089.6A Pending CN106149164A (zh) 2016-08-26 2016-08-26 涤纶复合pps高强度耐氧化基布

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN106149164A (zh)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109210290A (zh) * 2018-09-27 2019-01-15 扬州市伟业消防器材有限公司 一种改进的消防水带
CN112604376A (zh) * 2020-10-13 2021-04-06 海宁昱品环保材料有限公司 环保除尘过滤用基布
CN113265796A (zh) * 2021-05-14 2021-08-17 无锡高强特种纺织有限公司 一种pps纤维复合耐氧化基布、制备方法及设备
CN113802230A (zh) * 2021-09-08 2021-12-17 浙江诸暨一丰针纺科技有限公司 一种抗变形涤纶高弹丝及其制备工艺

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101108288A (zh) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-23 东丽纤维研究所（中国）有限公司 过滤材料用基布及生产方法
CN101837212A (zh) * 2010-05-26 2010-09-22 宋朋泽 聚苯硫醚玻纤复合滤料及其制造方法
CN102836599A (zh) * 2012-09-26 2012-12-26 东华大学 一种用于袋式除尘器的滤袋
CN203862028U (zh) * 2014-01-22 2014-10-08 辽宁鸿盛环境技术集团有限公司 高性能涤纶滤料
CN104436858A (zh) * 2014-12-17 2015-03-25 上海海凡滤材有限公司 一种三层复合滤布及其制造方法
CN204637783U (zh) * 2014-12-17 2015-09-16 上海海凡滤材有限公司 一种三层复合滤布

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101108288A (zh) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-23 东丽纤维研究所（中国）有限公司 过滤材料用基布及生产方法
CN101837212A (zh) * 2010-05-26 2010-09-22 宋朋泽 聚苯硫醚玻纤复合滤料及其制造方法
CN102836599A (zh) * 2012-09-26 2012-12-26 东华大学 一种用于袋式除尘器的滤袋
CN203862028U (zh) * 2014-01-22 2014-10-08 辽宁鸿盛环境技术集团有限公司 高性能涤纶滤料
CN104436858A (zh) * 2014-12-17 2015-03-25 上海海凡滤材有限公司 一种三层复合滤布及其制造方法
CN204637783U (zh) * 2014-12-17 2015-09-16 上海海凡滤材有限公司 一种三层复合滤布

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
刘兴成，沈恒根: "不同后整理工艺方法对袋式除尘器滤料过滤性能的影响", 《环境工程学报》 *
许明珠: "高温烟气过滤除尘用合成纤维性能的试验研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技I辑》 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109210290A (zh) * 2018-09-27 2019-01-15 扬州市伟业消防器材有限公司 一种改进的消防水带
CN112604376A (zh) * 2020-10-13 2021-04-06 海宁昱品环保材料有限公司 环保除尘过滤用基布
CN113265796A (zh) * 2021-05-14 2021-08-17 无锡高强特种纺织有限公司 一种pps纤维复合耐氧化基布、制备方法及设备
CN113802230A (zh) * 2021-09-08 2021-12-17 浙江诸暨一丰针纺科技有限公司 一种抗变形涤纶高弹丝及其制备工艺

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN106149164A (zh) 涤纶复合pps高强度耐氧化基布
CN102041591B (zh) 耐高温复合缝纫线及其制备方法
CN102102252B (zh) 耐高温复合玻纤缝纫线及其制备方法
CN104389072A (zh) 一种涤棉防静电功能面料
CN109825913A (zh) 一种耐腐蚀面料
CN201981325U (zh) 耐高温玻纤缝纫线
CN201981326U (zh) 耐高温复合玻纤缝纫线
CN203487316U (zh) 一种复合功能性面料
CN108330581A (zh) 一种阻燃纱线及其制备方法
CN106120107A (zh) 一种过滤毡用pps纤维复合耐氧化基布
CN105442135B (zh) 一种涤纶长丝低缩线的加工工艺
CN103924352A (zh) 一种刺绣用耐腐蚀绣花线
CN201981324U (zh) 耐高温玄武岩纤维缝纫线
CN105648644A (zh) 一种内衣面料
CN203475021U (zh) 一种阻燃纱线
CN207317441U (zh) 一种纺织布烘干装置
CN219689982U (zh) 耐高温色变缝纫线
CN107385605A (zh) 一种涤纶、竹纤维、金属纤维的混纺纱
CN107326496A (zh) 一种棉、金属、竹纤维的混纺纱
US20140262098A1 (en) Monofilament yarn for a paper machine clothing fabric
CN114855333B (zh) 一种高强超薄聚酰亚胺织物及其制备方法
CN219194172U (zh) 一种涤纶编织吊带
CN211199554U (zh) 一种高韧性涤纶纱线
CN219363923U (zh) 一种高韧性复合纱线
CN203270170U (zh) 玄武岩纤维带

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication
WD01 Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication

Application publication date: 20161123