CN106113681B - 一种梯度功能的鞋面复合布及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种梯度功能的鞋面复合布及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106113681B
CN106113681B CN201610480114.XA CN201610480114A CN106113681B CN 106113681 B CN106113681 B CN 106113681B CN 201610480114 A CN201610480114 A CN 201610480114A CN 106113681 B CN106113681 B CN 106113681B
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hydrophobic
fiber
fibre
layer
hydrophilic
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CN106113681A (zh
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郝新敏
黄杰
赵鹏程
陈晓
周阳忠
何灿玉
王春秋
乔荣荣
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To Hubei Shoe Industry LLC
Quartermaster Research Institute of General Logistics Department of CPLA
Li Ning China Sports Goods Co Ltd
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To Hubei Shoe Industry LLC
Quartermaster Research Institute of General Logistics Department of CPLA
Li Ning China Sports Goods Co Ltd
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • A43—FOOTWEAR
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    • A43B23/00—Uppers; Boot legs; Stiffeners; Other single parts of footwear
    • A43B23/02—Uppers; Boot legs
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    • B32B2262/0284—Polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or polybutylene terephthalate [PBT]
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种梯度功能的鞋面复合布及其制备方法。所述复合鞋面布由依次叠加的鞋面料和鞋里衬组成；所述鞋面料为由纤维经混纺得到的混纺织物；所述纤维为涤纶纤维、汉麻纤维和棉纤维；所述鞋里衬为缝编无纺布，包括依次叠加在一起的疏水层Ⅰ、亲水层和疏水层Ⅱ；所述疏水层Ⅰ、所述亲水层和所述疏水层Ⅱ均由疏水性纤维、亲水性纤维和热熔粘结纤维组成。本发明中的“梯度功能”指的是从所述鞋面复合布的里层至面层，其透气性、导湿性、快干性、强度、耐磨性增大，而吸湿性与抗菌性降低。本发明提供的鞋面复合布的吸湿快干性好、抗菌防臭、穿着舒适，且其强度满足穿着需要，可降低制鞋成本并提高鞋的质量。

Description

一种梯度功能的鞋面复合布及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种梯度功能的鞋面复合布及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前，运动鞋鞋面复合布主要是涤纶长丝，涤纶纤维具有较高的强度、良好的弹性，较好的耐磨性能，但是吸水性差。棉类运动鞋布穿着牢度不够，耐磨性差，洗后不易干等缺点，但是其吸湿性能优良。麻类纤维尽管有抗菌快干性能，但强度和耐磨性有待加强。
织物抗菌功能的获得主要采用纤维改性加工和织物后整理两种方法来实现。抗菌整理剂可分为溶出型和非溶出型两大类。溶出型抗菌剂需用树脂固着在纤维上，缓慢溶出，达到抗菌作用。因为它易从汗毛孔侵入人体血管，且连续使用长时间会产生抗药性菌，所以无论从安全性还是从耐久性考虑，这种抗菌剂都不是最佳选择。非溶出型抗菌剂虽然没有溶出型抗菌剂潜在危害，但由于用在纺织品上的载荷量不同，实际对人体的危害程度可能很低或基本无害，但积累毒性问题不可忽视。
抗菌纤维及纺织品发展到现在，无论是整理方式或纤维改性，在抗菌效果、抗菌谱范围、抗菌效果的耐久性、抗菌剂的安全性、纤维或织物的外观及适用性等方面都或多或少地存在问题。
鞋面与鞋里衬进行复合，采用涂布复合影响透气和舒适性，采用粉点复合在硫化时会造成分层。采用普通热熔胶粘剂，它的物理性能和耐化学性能较差，对生产使用条件苛刻。
为了使运动休闲类鞋靴穿着舒适需要一种具有吸湿快干、高强耐用、抗菌防臭、透气舒适等多功能的鞋面复合布。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种梯度功能的鞋面复合布及其制备方法。
本发明中的“梯度功能”指的是从所述鞋面复合布的里层至面层，其透气性、导湿性、快干性、强度、耐磨性增大，而吸湿性与抗菌性降低。
本发明所提供的一种梯度功能的鞋面复合布，它由依次叠加的鞋面料和鞋里衬组成；
所述鞋面料为由纤维经混纺得到的混纺织物；
所述纤维为涤纶纤维、汉麻纤维和棉纤维；
所述鞋里衬为缝编无纺布，包括依次叠加在一起的疏水层Ⅰ、亲水层和疏水层Ⅱ；所述疏水层Ⅰ、所述亲水层和所述疏水层Ⅱ均由疏水性纤维、亲水性纤维和热熔粘结纤维组成。
上述的鞋面复合布，所述鞋面料中，所述涤纶纤维、所述汉麻纤维与所述棉纤维的质量比可为30～40：40～50：10～20；
所述鞋面料的克重可为300～600克/m2，具体可为420克/m2。
上述的鞋面复合布，所述疏水层Ⅰ中，所述疏水性纤维、所述亲水性纤维和所述热熔粘结纤维的质量比为30～80：10～40：10～30；和/或，
所述亲水层中，所述疏水性纤维、所述亲水性纤维和所述热熔粘结纤维的质量比为30～55：25～60：10～20；和/或，
所述疏水层Ⅱ中，所述疏水性纤维、所述亲水性纤维和所述热熔粘结纤维的质量比为30～80：5～40：15～30；
即所述缝编无纺布中的所述亲水性纤维的含量从中间层(所述亲水层)向两边层(所述疏水层Ⅰ和所述疏水层Ⅱ)是递减的，中间层含所述亲水性纤维最多，两边层含所述亲水性纤维最少。
所述鞋里衬的克重可为150～250克/m2，如250克/m2。
上述的鞋面复合布中，所述疏水性纤维可为涤纶纤维或锦纶纤维；
所述亲水性纤维可为异形粘胶纤维、吸水涤纶纤维或麻类纤维，所述麻类纤维具体可为大麻纤维、汉麻纤维、亚麻纤维或苎麻纤维等；
所述热熔粘结纤维可为低熔点(130-180℃)涤纶纤维或丙纶纤维。
所述缝编无纺布中，所述疏水层Ⅰ由质量比为50：30：20的锦纶纤维、汉麻纤维和丙纶纤维组成；所述亲水层由质量比为40：40：15的锦纶纤维、汉麻纤维和丙纶纤维组成，所述疏水层Ⅱ由质量比为50：30：20的锦纶纤维、汉麻纤维和丙纶纤维组成。
上述的鞋面复合布，所述鞋面料可为机织布或针织布。
本发明还进一步提供了上述鞋面复合布的制备方法，包括如下步骤：所述鞋面料与所述鞋里衬经浆点复合即得所述鞋面复合布。
上述的制备方法中，可采用PUR热熔胶进行所述浆点复合。
上述的制备方法中，所述浆点复合的温度可为90～160℃，如120℃，压力可为1.0～6.0ba，如4.0ba，上胶量可为15～50克/m2，如20克/m2。
上述的制备方法中，所述鞋面料是按照下述方法制备的：
将涤纶短纤、所述汉麻纤维与所述棉纤维混纺得到混纺单纱；所述混纺单纱与涤纶长丝进行合股得到股纱，然后经织造即得；
所述混纺短纤中，所述涤纶短纤、所述汉麻纤维与所述棉纤维的混纺比可为40～60：20～30：40～10，具体可为50：25：25；
所述混纺单纱与所述涤纶长丝的质量比为30～60：70～40，具体可为45：55。
上述的制备方法中，所述缝编无纺布是按照下述方法制备的：
(1)按照配比称取所述疏水性纤维、所述亲水性纤维和所述热熔粘结纤维，分别作为所述疏水层Ⅰ、所述亲水层和所述疏水层Ⅱ的混合料；将所述混合料进行开松和梳理得到棉卷；
(2)将所述棉卷依经针梳和精梳得到亲水纤维网、疏水纤维网Ⅰ和疏水纤维网Ⅱ；
(3)将所述疏水纤维网Ⅰ、所述亲水纤维网和所述疏水纤维网Ⅱ进行铺网，经针刺得到依次由所述疏水层Ⅰ、所述亲水层和所述疏水层Ⅱ叠加在一起的无纺布；
(4)所述无纺布经长丝绗缝或纱线绗缝即得所述缝编无纺布。
上述的制备方法中，所述缝编无纺布还经过热定型和压辊热压的步骤，所述热定型的温度可为130℃～180℃，所述热定型的时间可为20s～60s；所述压辊热压的温度可为30～50℃，所述压辊热压的时间可为5s～20s，所述压辊热压在0.1～1.5kg的压力下进行，具体条件可为：在热定型(150℃，40s)及压辊热压(40℃，10s，1.0kg)下进行。
本发明提供的鞋面复合布的吸湿快干性好、抗菌防臭、穿着舒适，且其强度满足穿着需要，可降低制鞋成本并提高鞋的质量。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法。
下述实施例中所用的材料、试剂等，如无特殊说明，均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1、制备功能性缝编无纺布
(1)称取50质量份的锦纶纤维、30质量份的汉麻纤维和20质量份的丙纶纤维作为制备疏水层Ⅰ的混合料；
称取40质量份的锦纶纤维、40质量份的汉麻纤维和15质量份的丙纶纤维作为制备亲水层的混合料；
称取50质量份的锦纶纤维、30质量份的汉麻纤维和20质量份的丙纶纤维作为制备疏水层Ⅱ的混合料。
将上述称取的纤维进行开松和梳理得到棉卷，将棉卷依经针梳和精梳得到疏水纤维网Ⅰ、亲水纤维网和疏水纤维网Ⅱ。将上述疏水纤维网Ⅰ、亲水纤维网和疏水纤维网Ⅱ进行铺网，经针刺得到依次由疏水纤维网Ⅰ、亲水纤维网和疏水纤维网Ⅱ叠加在一起的无纺布；然后经长丝绗缝得缝编无纺布，经后整理：经过热定型(150℃，40s)及压辊热压(40℃，10s，1.0kg)制成功能性缝编无纺布。
本实施例制备的麻涤混纺缝编无纺布，其由相互缠结在一起的涤纶短纤5和汉麻纤维6组成，形成了疏水层Ⅰ1、疏水层Ⅱ3和亲水层2的复合结构，其中共有9层纤网，疏水层Ⅰ1与疏水层Ⅱ3中的麻含量相同，亲水层2中即4至4′之间的5层纤网的麻含量相同并高于上下两层的麻含量。
当本发明制备的麻涤混纺缝编无纺布接触到水分7与7′时，由于疏水层Ⅰ1与疏水层Ⅱ3中的疏水性纤维所占比例较高，而亲水层2中的亲水性纤维所占比例较高，因此，水分会从疏水层Ⅰ1与疏水层Ⅱ3向亲水层2定向流动，形成差动毛细效应，水分难以产生逆流。同时，由于汉麻纤维本身的孔隙较发达，能够大量吸水，并且锁住水分，所以，当水分流动到亲水层2时，水分能够被大量迅速吸收，从而不会在鞋底聚集大量的水分，而产生湿滑感。
本实施例制备的缝编无纺布的理化性能如表1中所示。
表1本发明制备的功能性缝编无纺布的理化性能
本实施例制备的缝编无纺布的吸湿快干性能测试：
1)试验仪器
电子天平(精确度0.001g)，秒表，自制挂钩，架子(挂织物)，托盘、烧杯、玻璃棒、去离子水。
2)试验步骤及结果计算
2.1)取样：平行取样五块，大小为10cm×10cm。
2.2)平衡：在(20±2)℃、(65±5)％RH、101kPa的恒温恒湿室下，放置24h调湿，称重，记录为G0，精确至0.001g。
2.3)试验：将称重后试样放入盛有2L去离子水的容器内，试验水温(20±2)℃。试样吸水后自然下沉。如试样不能自然下沉，可用玻璃棒将试样压至水中，如又抬起，可反复压浸水中，直至彻底沉入水中。
2.4)湿重：试样在水中完全浸润10min后取出，自然平展放置于10cm×10cm大小的滤纸上，将多余的水分吸掉，控制带液率到(100±5)％，称重记为G1，精确至0.001g。
2.5)蒸发：将试样垂直悬挂于恒温恒湿实验室，自然蒸发到规定的时间，称重G2，精确至0.001g。
2.6)计算：
根据式(A.1)计算吸湿快干率，保留两位有效数字，取其五次平均值，作为该试样的测试结果，本实施例制备的缝编无纺布的吸湿快干率为90％；
式中：
K——吸湿快干率；
G0——样品平衡后重量，单位为g；
G1——样品浸润后重量，单位为g；
G2——样品蒸发后重量，单位为g。
实施例2、制备鞋面复合布
将涤纶短纤、汉麻纤维与棉纤维混纺得到单纱，其中，涤纶短纤、汉麻纤维与棉纤维的质量比为50：25：25；再将得到的单纱与1440dtex/384f涤纶长丝进行合股得到股纱，然后经织造即得机织布，即为鞋面料，其中混纺短纤与涤纶长纱的质量比为45:55。得到的鞋面料的克重为420克/m2，幅宽为150厘米。
将上述得到的鞋面料与实施例1制备的缝编无纺布(克重为250克/m2)采用PUR热熔胶进行浆点复合，其中鞋里衬中汉麻含量最大的端面与鞋面料进行复合，控制复合的温度为120℃，压力为4.0ba，上胶量为20g/m2。
本实施例制备的鞋面复合布的一些物化参数如表2中所示，其它参数为：经向断裂强力为1950N、纬向断裂强力为1750N；经向断裂伸长率为30.0％、纬向断裂伸长率为35.0％；透气率为347mm/s，透湿量9.82×103g/(m2·d)；耐光6～7级。由上述测试可得知，复合鞋面布具有高强耐磨、吸湿快干性好、抗菌防臭、穿着舒适的优点。
本实施例制备的鞋面复合布的吸湿速率和平衡吸湿量是纯涤纶的五倍，放湿速率是纯棉的两倍，平衡放湿量要比纯棉的大，与纯涤纶相当。
本实施例制备的鞋面复合布对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率>99％，对大肠杆菌抑菌率94％，对白色念珠菌抑菌率93％，说明本发明提供的鞋面复合布具有抗菌性能。表2鞋面复合布的性能

Claims (5)

1.一种梯度功能的鞋面复合布，其特征在于：所述鞋面复合布由依次叠加的鞋面料和鞋里衬组成；
所述鞋面料为由纤维经混纺得到的混纺织物；
所述纤维为涤纶纤维、汉麻纤维和棉纤维；
所述鞋面料中，所述涤纶纤维、所述汉麻纤维与所述棉纤维的质量比为30～40：40～50：10～20；
所述鞋面料的克重为300～600克/m2；
所述鞋里衬为缝编无纺布，包括依次叠加在一起的疏水层Ⅰ、亲水层和疏水层Ⅱ；所述疏水层Ⅰ、所述亲水层和所述疏水层Ⅱ均由疏水性纤维、亲水性纤维和热熔粘结纤维组成；
所述疏水层Ⅰ中，所述疏水性纤维、所述亲水性纤维和所述热熔粘结纤维的质量比为30～80：10～40：10～30；和/或，
所述亲水层中，所述疏水性纤维、所述亲水性纤维和所述热熔粘结纤维的质量比为30～55：25～60：10～20；和/或，
所述疏水层Ⅱ中，所述疏水性纤维、所述亲水性纤维和所述热熔粘结纤维的质量比为30～80：5～40：15～30；
所述鞋里衬的克重为150～250克/m2；
所述疏水性纤维为涤纶纤维或锦纶纤维；和/或，
所述亲水性纤维为汉麻纤维；和/或，
所述热熔粘结纤维为涤纶纤维或丙纶纤维；
所述鞋面料为机织布或针织布；
所述鞋面复合布按照包括如下步骤的方法制备：所述鞋面料与所述鞋里衬经浆点复合即得所述鞋面复合布；
采用PUR热熔胶进行所述浆点复合；
所述浆点复合的温度为90～160℃，压力为1.0～6.0ba，上胶量为15～50克/m2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的鞋面复合布，其特征在于：所述鞋面料是按照下述方法制备的：
将涤纶短纤、所述汉麻纤维与所述棉纤维混纺得到混纺单纱；所述混纺单纱与涤纶长丝进行合股得到股纱，然后经织造即得。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的鞋面复合布，其特征在于：所述缝编无纺布是按照下述方法制备的：
(1)按照配比称取所述疏水性纤维、所述亲水性纤维和所述热熔粘结纤维，分别作为所述疏水层Ⅰ、所述亲水层和所述疏水层Ⅱ的混合料；将所述混合料进行开松和梳理得到棉卷；
(2)将所述棉卷依次经针梳和精梳得到亲水纤维网、疏水纤维网Ⅰ和疏水纤维网Ⅱ；
(3)将所述疏水纤维网Ⅰ、所述亲水纤维网和所述疏水纤维网Ⅱ进行铺网，经针刺得到依次由所述疏水层Ⅰ、所述亲水层和所述疏水层Ⅱ叠加在一起的无纺布；
(4)所述无纺布经纱线绗缝即得所述缝编无纺布。
4.根据权利要求3所述的鞋面复合布，其特征在于：步骤(4)中，所述无纺布经长丝绗缝即得所述缝编无纺布。
5.根据权利要求3所述的鞋面复合布，其特征在于：步骤(4)之后，所述方法还包括对所述缝编无纺布依次进行热定型和压辊热压的步骤；
所述热定型的温度为130℃～180℃，所述热定型的时间为20s～60s；
所述压辊热压的温度为30～50℃，所述压辊热压的时间为5s～20s，所述压辊热压在0.1～1.5kg的压力下进行。
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