CN106109840A - 明目地黄丸及其制备方法 - Google Patents
明目地黄丸及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106109840A CN106109840A CN201610803214.1A CN201610803214A CN106109840A CN 106109840 A CN106109840 A CN 106109840A CN 201610803214 A CN201610803214 A CN 201610803214A CN 106109840 A CN106109840 A CN 106109840A
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- radix rehmanniae
- improving eyesight
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种明目地黄丸及其制备方法,所述明目地黄丸包括下述重量份的原料制备而成:熟地黄140‑180份,山茱萸(制)60‑100份,牡丹皮40‑80份,山药60‑100份,茯苓40‑80份,泽泻40‑80份,枸杞子40‑80份,菊花40‑80份,当归40‑80份,白芍40‑80份,蒺藜40‑80份,石决明(煅)60‑100份。本发明明目地黄丸,具有滋肾,养肝,明目的功效。可用于治疗肝肾阴虚,目涩畏光,视物模糊,迎风流泪等症。其制备过程运用超临界CO2流体萃取技术,能够充分提取出药材中油溶性和水溶性的有效成分,提高药材的生物利用度,添加的辅料保证了药物的质量稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药制剂技术领域,具体涉及一种明目地黄丸及其制备方法。
背景技术
明目地黄丸为《中国药典》2000年版一部收载品种,是在六味地黄丸的基础上加上了拘祀子,菊花,当归,白芍,蒺藜,石决明(煅)6味药组成,即杞菊地黄丸加当归、白芍以补血,再配以明目退翳之白蒺藜和石决明,故其功用是滋肾养肝明目,适用于肝肾阴虚而至目涩畏光、视物模糊、迎风流泪即凡由肝肾阴虚而引起之内障眼病皆可用之,全身无证可辨之瞳神疾患亦可服之,盖遵五轮之瞳神属肾耳,除此由于肝肾阴亏引起的外障眼病,如流泪症、白涩症、混睛障、云翳后期等也可与相应药物伍用之。其具有滋肾养肝明目的功效,临床用于肝肾阴虚、目涩畏光、视物模糊、迎风流泪等症的治疗,是中医眼科著名方剂。
目前明目地黄丸制剂已有不少,但真正既能全面保留处方中药材有效成分以确保疗效,又能做到制剂精致,服用量小,充分体现中药制剂现代化的基本没有。在实践中,该药在制备中一般是将药材打粉入药,其杂质多,剂量大,生物利用度不高,影响其临床应用。随着医药科学技术的迅猛发展,各种新技术、新设备、新辅料的不断应用,为挖掘祖国医药宝库,努力实现中药现代化,提供了良好的契机。
本发明提供的明目地黄丸集中药物之精华,易于溶解和吸收,疗效快。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题之一是提供一种明目地黄丸。
本发明的解决的技术问题之二是提供一种明目地黄丸的制备方法。
本发明目的是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种明目地黄丸,包括下述重量份的原料制备而成:熟地黄140-180份,山茱萸(制)60-100份,牡丹皮40-80份,山药60-100份,茯苓40-80份,泽泻40-80份,枸杞子40-80份,菊花40-80份,当归40-80份,白芍40-80份,蒺藜40-80份,石决明(煅)60-100份。
一种明目地黄丸,其特征在于,由下述重量份的原料制备而成:熟地黄140-180份,山茱萸(制)60-100份,牡丹皮40-80份,山药60-100份,茯苓40-80份,泽泻40-80份,枸杞子40-80份,菊花40-80份,当归40-80份,白芍40-80份,蒺藜40-80份,石决明(煅)60-100份,辅料0.01-1份。
优选地,所述的辅料为橄榄苦苷、桦木酸、绿原酸的一种或几种混合而成。
更优选地,所述的辅料由橄榄苦苷、桦木酸、绿原酸混合而成,所述橄榄苦苷、桦木酸、绿原酸的质量比为(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
一种明目地黄丸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将牡丹皮粉碎为40-80目粗粉,过筛,进行超临界CO2流体萃取,萃取温度35-55℃,萃取时间1.5-3.5小时,萃取压力20-40MPa,二氧化碳的流量为10-20kg/h,得萃取药液,萃取药液再-3-3℃条件下冷藏80-100分钟后取出,过滤,即得丹皮酚结晶,粉碎为100-150目得丹皮酚结晶粉末(Ⅰ),备用,药渣(Ⅰ)备用;
(2)将枸杞子、熟地黄、山茱萸、泽泻、当归,白芍、蒺藜七味,粉碎为40-80目粗粉,过筛,混合均匀,进行超临界CO2流体萃取,萃取时间1.5-3.5小时,萃取温度35-55℃,萃取压力20-40MPa,萃取过程中添加夹带剂,夹带剂的流量为0.5-1.5kg/h,二氧化碳的流量为10-20kg/h,得萃取药液,过滤,滤液减压浓缩至密度为1.15-1.25g/mL的清膏(Ⅰ),药渣(Ⅱ)备用;
(3)山药、茯苓、菊花、石决明(煅)粉碎为40-80目粗粉,和药渣(Ⅰ)、药渣(Ⅱ)混合均匀,加入药材量8-12倍的水,煎煮1-2个小时,趁热过滤,收集滤液;药渣中再加入6-10倍药物量的清水煎煮0.5-1.5个小时,过滤弃渣;合并两次滤液,减压浓缩至密度为1.15-1.25g/mL的清膏(Ⅱ);
(4)丹皮酚结晶粉末(Ⅰ)、清膏(Ⅰ)、清膏(Ⅱ)和辅料混合均匀,制丸,干燥,即得。
优选地,所述步骤(2)的夹带剂为乙酸乙酯、甲醇、甲苯中的一种或几种混合而成。
更优选地,所述步骤(2)的夹带剂由乙酸乙酯、甲醇、甲苯混合而成,所述乙酸乙酯、甲醇、甲苯中的质量比为(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
具体的,在本发明中:
熟地黄,拉丁学名:Prepared rhizome of Adhesive Rehmannia,为生地黄的炮制加工品。性味:甘,微温。归经:归肝、肾经。功效:滋阴补血,益精填髓。主治:用于肝肾阴虚,腰膝酸软,骨蒸潮热,盗汗遗精,内热消渴,血虚萎黄,心悸怔忡,月经不调,崩漏下血,眩晕,耳鸣,须发早白。
山茱萸,拉丁学名:Cornusofficinalis,为山茱萸英科植物山茱萸Cornusofficinalis Sieb.et Zucc.的干燥成熟果肉,性味:酸、涩,微温。归经:归肝、肾经。功效:补益肝肾,涩精固脱。主治:用于眩晕耳鸣.腰膝酸痛,阳屡遗精。遗尿尿频,崩漏带下,大汗虚脱,内热消渴。炮制方法:取净山萸肉,照《中国药典》2005版附录ⅡD酒炖法或酒蒸法炖或蒸至酒吸尽。
牡丹皮,毛茛科植物牡丹Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.的干燥根皮。性味:苦、辛,微寒。归经:归心、肝、肾经。功效:清热凉血,活血化瘀。主治:用于温毒发斑.吐血衄血,夜热早凉,无汗骨蒸,经闭痛经,痈肿疮毒,跌扑伤痛。
山药,拉丁学名:Dioscorea opposita,薯蓣科植物薯蓣Dioscorea oppositaThunb.的干燥根茎。性味:甘,平。归经:归脾、肺、肾经。功效:补脾养胃,生津益肺,补肾涩精。主治:用于脾虚食少,久泻不止,肺虚喘咳,肾虚遗精,带下,尿频,虚热消渴。麸炒山药补脾健胃。用于脾虚食少,泄泻便溏,白带过多。
茯苓,拉丁学名:多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poria cocos(Schw.)Wolf的干燥菌核。性味:甘、淡,平。归经:归心、肺、脾、肾经。功效:利水渗湿,健脾宁心。主治:用于水肿尿少.痰饮眩悸,脾虚食少,便溏泄泻,心神不安,惊悸失眠。
泽泻,泽泻科植物泽泻Alisma orientalis(Sam.)Juzep.的干燥块茎。性味:甘,寒。归经:归肾、膀胱经。功效:利小便,清湿热。主治:用于小便不利。水肿胀满,泄泻尿少,痰饮眩晕,热淋涩痛;高血脂。
枸杞子,拉丁学名:LyciumbarbarumL.,为茄科植物宁夏枸杞Lycium barbarum L.的干燥成熟果实,性味:甘,平。归经:归肝、肾经。功效:滋补肝肾,益精明目。主治:用于虚劳精亏。医膝酸痛,眩晕耳鸣,内热消渴,血虚萎黄,目昏不明。
菊花,拉丁学名:Chrysanthemum,为菊科植物菊Chrysanthemum morifoliumRamat.的干燥头状花序,性味:甘、苦,微寒。归经:归肺、肝经。功效:散风清热,平肝明目。主治:用于风热感冒,头痛眩晕,目赤肿痛,眼目昏花。
当归,拉丁学名:Angelica sinensis,味甘,辛,苦,性温。归肝,心,脾经。可补血,活血,调经止痛,润燥滑肠。可治疗血虚诸证,月经不调,症瘕结聚,崩漏,虚寒腹痛,痿痹,肌肤麻木,肠燥便难,赤痢后重,痈疽疮疡,跌扑损伤。用治中风不省人事、口吐白沫、产后风瘫。
白芍,拉丁学名:White Paeony Root,为毛茛科植物芍药Paeonia lactifloraPall.的干燥根。性味:苦、酸,微寒。归经:归肝、脾经。功效:平肝止痛,养血调经,敛阴止汗。主治:用于头痛眩晕,胁痛,腹痛,四肢挛痛,血虚萎黄,月经不调,自汗,盗汗
蒺藜,拉丁学名:Tribulus terrestris L.,为蒺藜科植物蒺藜Tribulusterrestris L.的干燥成熟果实。性味:辛、苦,微温;有小毒。归经:归肝经。功效:平肝解郁,活血祛风,明目,止痒。主治:用于头痛眩晕,胸胁胀痛,乳闭乳痈,目赤翳障,风疹瘙痒。
石决明,为鲍科动物杂色鲍Haliotis diversicolor Reeve、皱纹盘鲍Haliotisdiscus hannal Ino、羊鲍Haliotis ovina Gme-lin、澳洲鲍Haliotis ruber(Leach)、耳鲍Haliotis asinina Lin-naeus或白鲍Haliotis laevigata(Donovan)的贝壳。性味:咸,寒。归经:归肝经。功效:平肝潜阳,清肝明目。主治:用于头痛眩晕,目赤翳障,视物昏花,青盲雀目。炮制方法:取净石决明,照《中国药典》2005版附录ⅡD明级法煅至酥脆。
橄榄苦苷,CAS号:32619-42-4。
桦木酸,CAS号:472-15-1。
绿原酸,CAS号:327-97-9。
乙酸乙酯,CAS号:141-78-6。
甲醇,CAS号:67-56-1。
甲苯,CAS号:108-88-3。
本发明明目地黄丸,具有滋肾,养肝,明目的功效。可用于治疗肝肾阴虚,目涩畏光,视物模糊,迎风流泪等症。其制备过程运用超临界CO2流体萃取技术,能够充分提取出药材中油溶性和水溶性的有效成分,提高药材的生物利用度,添加的辅料保证了药物的质量稳定。
具体实施方式
实施例1
明目地黄丸原料(重量份):熟地黄160份,山茱萸(制)80份,牡丹皮60份,山药80份,茯苓60份,泽泻60份,枸杞子60份,菊花60份,当归60份,白芍60份,蒺藜60份,石决明(煅)80份,辅料0.03份。
明目地黄丸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将牡丹皮粉碎为60目粗粉,过筛,进行超临界CO2流体萃取,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间2小时,萃取压力30MPa,二氧化碳的流量为15kg/h,得萃取药液和药渣(Ⅰ),萃取药液再-1℃条件下冷藏90分钟后取出,采用300目滤布过滤,即得丹皮酚结晶,粉碎为1230目得丹皮酚结晶粉末(Ⅰ),备用,药渣(Ⅰ)备用;
(2)将枸杞子、熟地黄、山茱萸、泽泻、当归,白芍、蒺藜七味,粉碎为60目粗粉,过筛,混合均匀,进行超临界CO2流体萃取,萃取时间2小时,萃取温度45℃,萃取压力30MPa,萃取过程中添加夹带剂,夹带剂的流量为0.9kg/h,二氧化碳的流量为15kg/h,得萃取药液和药渣(Ⅱ),采用300目滤布过滤,滤液减压浓缩至密度为g/mL(50℃)的清膏(Ⅰ),药渣(Ⅱ)备用;
(3)山药、茯苓、菊花、石决明(煅)粉碎为60目粗粉,和药渣(Ⅰ)、药渣(Ⅱ)混合均匀,得到药材,加入药材重量10倍的水,煎煮2个小时,趁热采用300目滤布过滤,收集滤液;药渣中再加入药材重量8倍的水煎煮1个小时,采用300目滤布过滤弃渣;合并两次滤液,减压浓缩至密度为1.20g/mL(50℃)的清膏(Ⅱ);
(4)丹皮酚结晶粉末(Ⅰ)、清膏(Ⅰ)、清膏(Ⅱ)和辅料混合均匀,制丸,干燥,即得。
所述的辅料由橄榄苦苷、桦木酸、绿原酸混合而成,所述橄榄苦苷、桦木酸、绿原酸的质量比为1:1:1。
所述步骤(2)的夹带剂由乙酸乙酯、甲醇、甲苯混合而成,所述乙酸乙酯、甲醇、甲苯中的质量比为1:1:1。
实施例2
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述辅料由橄榄苦苷、桦木酸按质量比为1:1混合均匀得到。得到实施例2的明目地黄丸。
实施例3
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述辅料由橄榄苦苷、绿原酸按质量比为1:1混合均匀得到。得到实施例3的明目地黄丸。
实施例4
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述辅料由桦木酸、绿原酸按质量比为1:1混合均匀得到。得到实施例4的明目地黄丸。
实施例5
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述步骤(2)的夹带剂由乙酸乙酯、甲醇按质量比为1:1混合均匀得到。得到实施例5的明目地黄丸。
实施例6
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述步骤(2)的夹带剂由乙酸乙酯、甲苯按质量比为1:1混合均匀得到。得到实施例6的明目地黄丸。
实施例7
与实施例1基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述步骤(2)的夹带剂由甲醇、甲苯按质量比为1:1混合均匀得到。得到实施例7的明目地黄丸。
测试例1
本发明明目地黄丸中含有马钱苷。分别测试实施例1-7的明目地黄丸中马钱苷的含量,测试方法参照梁云等《HPLC测定明目地黄丸中(浓缩丸)马钱苷的含量》,具体结果见表1。
表1:马钱苷含量测试表 单位:mg/g
马钱苷 | |
实施例1 | 0.94 |
实施例2 | 0.68 |
实施例3 | 0.65 |
实施例4 | 0.69 |
实施例5 | 0.78 |
实施例6 | 0.77 |
实施例7 | 0.81 |
比较实施例1与实施例2-4,实施例1(橄榄苦苷、桦木酸、绿原酸复配)阿魏酸含量明显高于实施例2-4(橄榄苦苷、桦木酸、绿原酸任意二者复配)。比较实施例1与实施例5-7,实施例1(乙酸乙酯、甲醇、甲苯复配)阿魏酸含量明显高于实施例5-7(乙酸乙酯、甲醇、甲苯任意二者复配)。
测试例2
将实施例1-7制备的明目地黄丸,置于25℃,相对湿度85%环境下保藏半年,然后进行大肠杆菌(ATYCC 25922)菌落总数测试,参照《GBT 4789.2-2008食品卫生微生物学检验菌落总数测定》。具体测试结果见表2。
表2:菌落总数测试表 cfu/份
比较实施例1与实施例2-4,实施例1(橄榄苦苷、桦木酸、绿原酸复配)防腐性能明显优于实施例2-4(橄榄苦苷、桦木酸、绿原酸任意二者复配)。比较实施例1与实施例5-7,实施例1(乙酸乙酯、甲醇、甲苯复配)防腐性能明显优于实施例5-7(乙酸乙酯、甲醇、甲苯任意二者复配)。
Claims (7)
1.一种明目地黄丸,其特征在于,包括下述重量份的原料制备而成:熟地黄140-180份,山茱萸(制)60-100份,牡丹皮40-80份,山药60-100份,茯苓40-80份,泽泻40-80份,枸杞子40-80份,菊花40-80份,当归40-80份,白芍40-80份,蒺藜40-80份,石决明(煅)60-100份。
2.一种明目地黄丸,其特征在于,由下述重量份的原料制备而成:熟地黄140-180份,山茱萸(制)60-100份,牡丹皮40-80份,山药60-100份,茯苓40-80份,泽泻40-80份,枸杞子40-80份,菊花40-80份,当归40-80份,白芍40-80份,蒺藜40-80份,石决明(煅)60-100份,辅料0.01-1份。
3.如权利要求2所述的明目地黄丸的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的辅料为橄榄苦苷、桦木酸、绿原酸的一种或几种混合而成。
4.如权利要求3所述的明目地黄丸的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的辅料由橄榄苦苷、桦木酸、绿原酸混合而成,所述橄榄苦苷、桦木酸、绿原酸的质量比为(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的明目地黄丸的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将牡丹皮粉碎为40-80目粗粉,过筛,进行超临界CO2流体萃取,萃取温度35-55℃,萃取时间1.5-3.5小时,萃取压力20-40MPa,二氧化碳的流量为10-20kg/h,得萃取药液,萃取药液再-3~3℃条件下冷藏80-100分钟后取出,过滤,即得丹皮酚结晶,粉碎为100-150目得丹皮酚结晶粉末(Ⅰ),备用,药渣(Ⅰ)备用;
(2)将枸杞子、熟地黄、山茱萸、泽泻、当归,白芍、蒺藜七味,粉碎为40-80目粗粉,过筛,混合均匀,进行超临界CO2流体萃取,萃取时间1.5-3.5小时,萃取温度35-55℃,萃取压力20-40MPa,萃取过程中添加夹带剂,夹带剂的流量为0.5-1.5kg/h,二氧化碳的流量为10-20kg/h,得萃取药液,过滤,滤液减压浓缩至密度为1.15-1.25g/mL的清膏(Ⅰ),药渣(Ⅱ)备用;
(3)山药、茯苓、菊花、石决明(煅)粉碎为40-80目粗粉,和药渣(Ⅰ)、药渣(Ⅱ)混合均匀,加入药材量8-12倍的水,煎煮1-2个小时,趁热过滤,收集滤液;药渣中再加入6-10倍药物量的清水煎煮0.5-1.5个小时,过滤弃渣;合并两次滤液,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.15-1.25g/mL的清膏(Ⅱ);
(4)丹皮酚结晶粉末(Ⅰ)、清膏(Ⅰ)、清膏(Ⅱ)和辅料混合均匀,制丸,干燥,即得。
6.如权利要求5所述的明目地黄丸的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)的夹带剂为乙酸乙酯、甲醇、甲苯中的一种或几种混合而成。
7.如权利要求6所述的明目地黄丸的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)的夹带剂由乙酸乙酯、甲醇、甲苯混合而成,所述乙酸乙酯、甲醇、甲苯中的质量比为(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
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