CN106103167B - 车辆驱动装置 - Google Patents
车辆驱动装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106103167B CN106103167B CN201580011978.0A CN201580011978A CN106103167B CN 106103167 B CN106103167 B CN 106103167B CN 201580011978 A CN201580011978 A CN 201580011978A CN 106103167 B CN106103167 B CN 106103167B
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Classifications
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- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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- F16H57/0467—Elements of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
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- B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
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Abstract
一种装置包括壳体(19)、电动机(MG1)、齿轮机构、润滑机构和冷却机构。电动机(MG1)和齿轮机构容置在壳体(19)中。齿轮机构包括指定齿轮(46)和第一齿轮(40)。第一齿轮(40)的竖直下部位于油的表面的上方。润滑机构通过由指定齿轮(46)上抛的油来润滑齿轮机构。冷却机构包括油泵(37)和管(58)。油泵和管(58)将壳体(19)中储存的油供应至电动机。管(58)定位于第一齿轮(40)的上方。管(58)具有孔(62),且油从孔(62)排出。孔(62)位于第一齿轮(40)的上方。孔(62)的法线方向不同于竖直向下的方向。第一齿轮(40)不与所述法线方向重叠。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括电动机的车辆驱动装置。
背景技术
在包括电动机的车辆驱动装置中,针对润滑齿轮和轴承并冷却电动机的机构,采用了一种用于将驱动装置中的指定齿轮上抛的油供应至齿轮和轴承并用于将由油泵向上泵送的油供应至电动机的系统,油泵随同齿轮一起布置。存在供应至齿轮和轴承的油量由油温改变的情况,因而可能难以持续地并充足地保证所需的油量。例如,当油温低时,油的粘度高。因而,供应至轴承以用于润滑目的的油量可能减小。另一方面,当油温高时,油的粘度低。因此,比所需的油量大的油量被上抛并供应至齿轮和轴承。因而,油的搅动损失可能会增加。
与上述相反,日本专利申请公开第2011-152814号(JP 2011-152814A)公开了一种混合动力车辆驱动装置,其包括电动机室和齿轮室,它们形成有在两者之间形成的分隔壁。电动机室在壳体内容置有电动机,且齿轮室容置有各种齿轮。储存在齿轮室的下部中的油由油泵向上泵送,并供应至用于将油供应至齿轮室和电动机室的供给泵。该供给泵设置有恒温器,其能够阻断润滑油从齿轮室侧向电动机室侧的流动。此外,分隔壁的连通部使电动机室和齿轮室之间连通,并设置有电磁阀,其开/关状态根据由油温传感器检测到的油温来控制。在上述构造的车辆驱动装置中,电磁阀的开/关状态根据由油温传感器检测到的油温来控制,且油向电动机室和齿轮室的分配被调节至最佳。例如,在极低温度条件下,恒温器阻断向电动机室的供油,并关闭电磁阀。相应地,停止了向电动机室的供油,且油在齿轮室内循环。换句话说,减小了油循环区域,以便迅速增加油温。例如,一旦油加热至高温,恒温器就会允许向电动机室的供油,从而打开电磁阀。相应地,扩展了油循环区域,以便迅速降低油温。
发明内容
尽管在JP 2011-152814 A中公开的上述混合动力车辆驱动装置中油量可以最佳地控制,但是其成本因添加油温传感器、电磁阀等而显著地增加。因而,就性价比而言,可能难以应用上述技术。
本发明提供了一种包括电动机、能够利用简单的结构高效地润滑齿轮并能够冷却电动机的车辆驱动装置。
本发明的第一方案为一种车辆驱动装置,其包括:壳体,其中储存有油,电动机,其容置在所述壳体中;齿轮机构;润滑机构;以及冷却机构。所述齿轮机构容置在所述壳体中,且所述齿轮机构包括指定齿轮和第一齿轮,所述第一齿轮的竖直下部在竖直方向上位于所述油的表面的上方。所述润滑机构构造成通过由所述指定齿轮上抛的油来润滑所述齿轮机构。所述冷却机构包括油泵和管。所述冷却机构构造成通过油泵加压供给储存在所述壳体中的所述油,并将所述油供应至所述电动机以冷却所述电动机。所述管构造成将从所述油泵排出的所述油供给至所述电动机。所述管在竖直方向上定位于所述第一齿轮的上方,且所述管具有孔。流经所述管的所述油中的一些从所述孔排出,并且所述孔在竖直方向上位于所述第一齿轮的上方。所述孔布置在所述孔的法线方向不同于从所述孔竖直向下的方向的位置。所述第一齿轮布置在所述第一齿轮不与所述孔的法线方向重叠的位置。
在齿轮机构中,在油的粘度高时,通过将油上抛来供应至齿轮(第一齿轮)的油量趋于不足,其中齿轮的竖直下部在竖直方向上被布置在油的表面的上方。因而,尤其是,当油的粘度高时,有必要润滑第一齿轮。相反,利用如上的这种构造,当油温低且油的粘度高时,从油泵加压供给的油中的一些被从所述管的孔竖直向下地滴下,然后供应至需要润滑的齿轮。正如所描述的,当油的粘度高且难以保证用于润滑第一齿轮的所需油量时,用于冷却电动机的油中的一些能够用于润滑第一齿轮。另一方面,当油温高且油的粘度低时,从油泵加压供给的油中的一些从所述管的孔沿法线方向飞溅。由于第一齿轮没有布置在法线方向上,油没有供应至第一齿轮。正如所描述的,当油的粘度低且易于保证用于润滑第一齿轮的所需油量时,防止了比需要量大的油量供应至第一齿轮。因而,可以减小搅动损失。如上所述,从所述孔排出的油的供应目的地根据油温来切换。因此,第一齿轮和电动机可以被高效地冷却。
在所述车辆驱动装置中,所述壳体可以布置在所述孔的法线方向上,并且所述壳体可以构造成暴露于行驶风。利用这种构造,附着至所述壳体的油迅速地冷却。因而,可以在高油温下促进所述油的冷却。
所述车辆驱动装置可以进一步包括发动机、驱动轮、副轴、第一电动机、第二电动机、动力分配机构、中间从动齿轮、输出齿轮、动力传输轴。所述副轴可以构造成向所述驱动轮传递所述发动机的动力。所述动力分配机构可以构造成向所述第一电动机和输出轴分配所述动力。所述中间从动齿轮可以布置在所述副轴上。所述输出齿轮可以布置在所述输出轴上。所述动力传输轴可以构造成向所述第二电动机的转子轴传递所述动力。所述发动机、所述第一电动机和所述动力分配机构可以布置在第一轴线上。所述副轴可以布置在第二轴线上。所述第二电动机和所述动力传输轴可以布置在第三轴线上。所述中间从动齿轮可以与所述输出齿轮啮合,且所述中间从动齿轮可以与布置在所述动力传输轴上的齿轮啮合。所述第一齿轮可以为所述中间从动齿轮。利用这种构造,可以将最优量的油供应至在低油温时油不容易供应至的中间从动齿轮。
所述车辆驱动装置可以进一步包括:第一收集槽和第二收集槽。所述第一收集槽可以布置在所述孔的法线方向上的位置处,且所述第一收集槽可以构造成将所述油供应至轴承并接收从所述孔沿所述法线方向排出的油,所述轴承可以构造成支撑所述电动机的所述转子轴。所述第二收集槽可以布置于在所述竖直方向上位于所述孔的下方的位置处,且所述第二收集槽可以构造成将所述油供应至需要润滑的齿轮,且所述第二收集槽可以构造成接收从所述孔竖直向下地滴下的所述油。所述管可以布置成相对于水平线倾斜。利用这种构造,例如,当油的粘度高且难以保证用于润滑第一齿轮的所需油量时,油从孔竖直向下地滴下并供应至第二收集槽。相应地,所需油量经由第二收集槽供应至第一齿轮。另一方面,当油温高且油的粘度低时,油从所述孔沿法线方向排出。相应地,油供应至第一收集槽,且油优先地经由第一收集槽供应至转子轴的轴承。因而,可以改善在高转速和高温下致动的轴承的耐磨性。
附图说明
下面将参照附图来描述根据本发明的示例性实施例的特征、优点以及技术和工业意义,其中相似的标号指示相似的元件,且其中:
图1是用于示出设置在混合动力车辆中并应用有本发明的示例的驱动装置的结构的框架图;
图2是根据示例的、从箭头II侧观看图1的驱动装置的侧视图;
图3是根据示例的、简化了沿着图2的III-III截取的截面的视图;
图4示出了作为本发明的另一示例的驱动装置中的壳体的侧壁的部分;以及
图5根据其他示例以进一步简化的方式示出了图4中的第一收集槽和第二收集槽的周围的结构。
具体实施方式
此处,孔的法线方向优选地对应于接触该孔的切面的垂直方向,或从管中心沿着径向延伸并经过孔中心的径向线的方向。
下文将参照附图对本发明的示例进行详细描述。应注意,针对以下示例,附图适当地简化或变形,因而每个部件的尺寸比例、形状等不必精确地描述。
图1是用于示出本示例的混合动力车辆10中设置的车辆驱动装置12(下文为驱动装置12)的结构的框架图。车辆驱动装置12包括:发动机14,诸如用作行驶驱动动力源(动力源)的已知的汽油机或已知的柴油机;以及向驱动轮16传递发动机14的动力的车辆动力传输装置18(下文称为动力传输装置18)。动力传输装置18形成有壳体19,该壳体19形成有电动机室21和齿轮室23。第一电动机MG1和第二电动机MG2容置在电动机室21中,且各种类型的齿轮容置在齿轮室23中。动力传输装置18通过包括用作动力传输装置18的壳的壳体19中的四个旋转轴线(C1到C4)来构造。四个旋转轴线(C1到C4)彼此平行。第一轴线C1对应于发动机14的旋转轴线。发动机14、第一电动机MG1和动力分配机构22布置在第一轴线C1上。动力分配机构22将发动机14的动力分配至第一电动机MG1和组合齿轮轴36(下文将进行描述)。构造成能够向驱动轮16传递动力的副轴30可转动地布置在第二轴线C2上。第二电动机MG2和联接至第二电动机MG2的第二转子轴28的动力传输轴26布置在第三轴线C3上。用作差动齿轮装置的差动齿轮32布置在第四轴线C4上。以这种方式,驱动装置12将第一电动机MG1和第二电动机MG2(电动机)容置在电动机室21中,并且还将各种类型的齿轮容置在壳体19中的齿轮室23中。应注意,容置在齿轮室23中并构造成能够传递动力的各种类型的齿轮对应于本发明的齿轮机构。
在第一轴线C1上,发动机14经由减振器装置34联接至输入轴20。包括行星齿轮系的动力分配机构22插入在输入轴20和第一电动机MG1之间。动力分配机构22主要包括:能够绕第一轴线C1转动的太阳轮S和内齿圈R;支撑小齿轮以允许其自转和公转的行星齿轮架CA,小齿轮与太阳轮S和内齿圈R啮合。太阳轮S以不可相对转动的方式联接至第一电动机MG1的第一转子轴24。行星齿轮架CA经由输入轴20、减振器装置34等连接至发动机14。内齿圈R与形成有中间驱动齿轮35的组合齿轮轴36的内周一体地形成。从而,中间驱动齿轮35与内齿圈R一体地转动。中间驱动齿轮35对应于输出齿轮,且组合齿轮轴36对应于输出轴。
布置在第二轴线C2上的副轴30与中间从动齿轮40和差动驱动齿轮42一体地形成。中间从动齿轮40与中间驱动齿轮35和减速齿轮38啮合,且减速齿轮38在动力传输轴26中形成。差动驱动齿轮42啮合差动齿轮32中形成的差动内齿圈46。利用这样的构造,从动力分配机构22输出的动力经由中间驱动齿轮35和中间从动齿轮40传递至副轴30。此外,由副轴30驱动的油泵37设置在侧壁52中,且侧壁52在壳体19的轴向上形成在发动机14侧上。减速齿轮38对应于在动力传输轴中形成的齿轮,中间从动齿轮40对应于第一齿轮,且侧壁52对应于行驶风所撞击到的壳体。
在第三轴线C3上,第二电动机MG2的第二转子轴28经由花键配合部(未示出)以不能够相对转动(换言之,能够进行动力传输)的方式连接至动力传输轴26。动力传输轴26形成有减速齿轮38,且减速齿轮38与形成在副轴30中的中间从动齿轮40啮合。利用这样的构造,第二电动机MG2的动力经由动力传输轴26、减速齿轮38以及中间从动齿轮40传递至副轴30。第二转子轴28对应于第二电动机MG2的转子轴。
布置在第四轴线C4上的差动齿轮32通过包括差动内齿圈46来构造,且差动内齿圈46啮合副轴30的差动驱动齿轮42。差动齿轮32用作差动机构,其在左右一对驱动轮16之间恰当地产生转速差。以这种方式,副轴30的动力经由差动驱动齿轮42、差动内齿圈46和差动齿轮32传递至驱动轮16。换言之,副轴30构造成使得动力能够传输至驱动轮16。差动内齿圈46对应于指定齿轮。
利用上述构造的驱动装置12,车辆能够利用发动机14的动力来行驶。此外,例如,当车速低时,发动机14停止,且车辆能够通过利用第二电动机MG2的动力来行驶。同时,第一电动机MG1和第二电动机MG2布置在不同旋转轴线上,从而减小了驱动装置12的轴向长度。
图2是图1中的驱动装置12从箭头II侧观看的侧视图。在图2中,以简化的方式示出了第一轴线C1至第四轴线C4之间的位置关系、布置在第一轴线C1至第四轴线C4上的每个转动构件的布置位置以及各种类型的齿轮的啮合状态。在图2中,其上侧对应于竖直上侧,且壳体19对应于插入在动力传输装置18和减振器装置34之间的壳体19的侧壁52(参见图1)。如图2所示,第一轴线C1至第四轴线C4实际上没有布置在相同直线上。作为第二电动机MG2和动力传输轴26中的每个的旋转轴线的第三轴线C3位于竖直最上方,且作为差动齿轮32的旋转轴线的第四轴线C4位于竖直最下方。中间从动齿轮40与中间驱动齿轮35和减速齿轮38啮合。差动驱动齿轮42与差动内齿圈46啮合。
差动齿轮32的差动内齿圈46的竖直下部浸入至壳体19中的齿轮室23的下部中储存的油中。从而,当差动齿轮32和中间从动齿轮40转动时,如粗体箭头所示,壳体19的下部中储存的油上抛。然后,油供应至分别支撑各种类型的齿轮和旋转轴的轴承,从而润滑轴承。正如所描述的,驱动装置12设置有用于通过将油上抛来润滑各种类型的齿轮和轴承的机构(润滑机构)。一些上抛的油临时存储在形成于侧壁52的上方的收集槽56中。从而,减小了行驶期间的油搅动阻力。
提供了一种机构(冷却机构)。该冷却机构将通过油泵37向上泵送的油加压供给至设置在图2中的侧壁52中的圆筒形旁通管58,通过旁通管58将油从油路(未示出)供给至电动机室21,并将油供应至容置在电动机室21内的第一电动机MG1和第二电动机MG2用于冷却。旁通管58对应于所述管。
旁通管58设置在如下位置:旁通管的一部分在竖直方向上位于中间从动齿轮40的上方。此外,用于排出流经旁通管58的一些油的排出孔62在旁通管58的一部分中形成,即,旁通管58的在竖直方向上位于中间从动齿轮40的上方的一部分。这些排出孔62中的一个或多个在竖直方向上形成在中间从动齿轮40的上方的区域中。排出孔62对应于用于排出流经所述管的一些油的孔。
图3是简化了沿着图2的III-III所截取的截面的视图。如图3所示,排出孔62的圆周位置不对应于旁通管58的圆周方向上的竖直向下位置,而设定在如下位置:中间从动齿轮40没有布置在排出孔62的由虚线表示的法线方向(与由接触排出孔62的虚线表示的切面垂直的方向)上。换言之,在旁通管58中形成的排出孔62形成为处于排出孔62的法线方向不同于排出孔62的竖直向下方向的位置。此外,中间从动齿轮40布置在其不与排出孔62的法线方向重叠的位置。在本示例中,排出孔62形成在从旁通管58的竖直下端沿圆周方向移位了小于90度的指定角度的位置处。壳体19的侧壁52布置在排出孔62的法线方向上。侧壁52构成为在车辆行驶期间暴露于行驶风。从而,附着至侧壁52的油迅速由行驶风冷却。
将关于如上所述构造的驱动装置12中的各种类型的齿轮和轴承的润滑以及电动机的冷却进行描述。如上所述,壳体19的下部所储存的油在车辆行驶期间随着差动内齿圈46和中间从动齿轮40的转动而上抛。以这种方式,经上抛的油供应至容置在齿轮室23中的各种类型的齿轮以及分别地支撑转动轴的轴承。从而,润滑了各种类型的齿轮和轴承。储存在齿轮室23的下部的油通过齿轮室23侧中设置的油泵37向上泵送,然后加压供给至旁通管58中。旁通管58经由油路(未示出)与在电动机室21侧形成的冷却油路(未示出)连通。相应地,流经旁通管58的油供应至容置在电动机室21中的第一电动机MG1和第二电动机MG2,并用于冷却第一电动机MG1和第二电动机MG2。流经旁通管58的一些油从旁通管58中形成的排出孔62排出。
在本示例中,用于支撑设置有中间从动齿轮40的副轴30的轴承通过包括锥形轴承来构造。从而,轴承的所需油量大。中间从动齿轮40布置成使得其竖直下部在竖直方向上位于壳体19中的齿轮室23的下部所储存的油面的上方。更具体地,中间从动齿轮40布置成其竖直下部不与壳体19中所储存的油接触的状态。从而,尤其在油温低且油的粘度高时,难以保证所需的油量。当油温低时,正如所描述的,油没有沿法线方向从旁通管58的排出孔62飞溅,而是如虚线箭头所表示的,借其自身的重量而竖直向下地滴下,然后供应至中间从动齿轮40。然后,油由中间从动齿轮40搅动。因此,油还供应至可转动地支撑形成有中间从动齿轮40的副轴30的轴承。
如上所述,当油温低时,油的粘度高。因此,难以通过将油上抛来向中间从动齿轮40供应所需的油量。同时,从旁通管58的排出孔62排出的油直接供应至中间从动齿轮40。因此,搅动了油,且增加了向中间从动齿轮40和用于支撑中间从动齿轮40的轴承的供油。以这种方式,保证了中间从动齿轮40和用于支撑中间从动齿轮40的轴承的抗卡合性。
接下来将描述油温高的情况。当油温高时,油的粘度低。从而,从旁通管58的排出孔62飞溅的油沿由实线箭头所表示的法线方向(沿由点划线所表示的法线的方向)射出。因此,沿法线方向飞溅的油附着至壳体19的侧壁52,从而没有供应至中间从动齿轮40。由于侧壁52由行驶风冷却,附着至侧壁52的油也迅速地冷却。
如上所述,当油温高时,油的粘度低。因而,增加了上抛的油的量,且由油搅动引起的搅动阻力趋于增大。然而,从排出孔62排出的油沿法线方向射出,并附着至壳体19的侧壁52。因而,防止了向中间从动齿轮40供油,还防止了油的搅动损失增大。附着至壳体19的侧壁52的油迅速由行驶风所冷却的侧壁52迅速冷却。即,促进了由行驶风进行的冷却,因而,油的冷却性能在高油温下得以加强。因而,还改善了第一电动机MG1和第二电动机MG2中的每个的冷却性能。
如上所述,根据本实施例,例如,当油温低且油的粘度高时,从油泵37加压供给的一些油从旁通管58的排出孔62竖直向下地滴下,然后供应至中间从动齿轮40。正如所描述的,当油的粘度高且难以保证用于润滑中间从动齿轮40的所需油量时,用于冷却第一电动机MG1和第二电动机MG2的一些油可以用来润滑中间从动齿轮40。另一方面,当油温高且油的粘度低时,从油泵37加压供给的一些油从旁通管58的排出孔62沿法线方向飞溅,从而油没有供应至中间从动齿轮40。如上所述,在油温高,油的粘度低,且容易保证用于润滑中间从动齿轮40的所需油量的情况下,防止了比所需油量大的油量供应至中间从动齿轮40,从而能够减少搅动损失。因此,如上所述,可以不增加高油温时的搅动损失而改善了低油温时的可靠性。
根据本示例,由行驶风撞击的壳体19的侧壁52布置在排出孔62的法线方向上。从而,附着至侧壁52的油迅速冷却,且可以促进高温油的冷却。
根据本示例,在低油温时从排出孔62排出的油供应至中间从动齿轮40。从而,可以将最优量的油供应至在低油温时油不容易供应至的中间从动齿轮40。
接下来,将描述本发明的另一示例。下面的描述中的与上述示例共同的部件由相同的附图标记来表示,且不对其进行重复描述。
图4示出了作为另外的示例的车辆驱动装置80(下文中为驱动装置80)的壳体82的侧壁84的一部分,并对应于上述示例中的图2。在图4中,未示出诸如第二电动机MG2和中间从动齿轮40的各种类型的转动构件和各种类型的齿轮,而是仅示出了壳体82的侧壁84(上述示例中的侧壁52)。然而,实际上布置了与上述示例中的转动构件相同的转动构件。更具体地,输入轴20、动力分配机构22、形成有中间驱动齿轮35的组合齿轮轴36以及第一电动机MG1布置在第一轴线C1上。由中间从动齿轮40和差动驱动齿轮42形成的副轴30布置在第二轴线C2上。第二电动机MG2和形成有减速齿轮38的动力传输轴26布置在第三轴线C3上。尽管未示出,但差动齿轮32布置在第四轴线C4上。
类似地,图4中的侧壁84设置有旁通管86,其将由油泵37向上泵送的油供给至容置有第一电动机MG1和第二电动机MG2的电动机室21侧。在本示例中,U形的第一收集槽88形成为将油供应至用于支撑第二电动机MG2的第二转子轴28的轴承。此外,U形的第二收集槽90形成为将油供应至用于可转动地支撑形成有中间从动齿轮40的副轴30的轴承。第一收集槽88中储存的油流经冷却油路(未示出),且供应至第二电动机MG2的第二转子轴28的轴承。第二收集槽90中储存的油流经润滑孔92并经由润滑油路(未示出)供应至副轴30的轴承等。旁通管86对应于所述管。
图5以进一步简化的方式示出了图4中的第一收集槽88和第二收集槽90的周围的结构。而且在本示例中,旁通管86在竖直方向上设置于中间从动齿轮40的上方,并且还设置成相对于水平线H倾斜。排出孔94形成于旁通管86的在竖直方向上位于中间从动齿轮40的上方的一部分中。排出孔94对应于用于排出流经所述管的一些油的孔。
第一收集槽88设置在排出孔94的法线方向上(在法线上)。详细地,第一收集槽88形成为接收从排出孔94沿法线方向释放的油。此外,第二收集槽90在竖直方向上形成于排出孔94的下方,以便接收从排出孔94竖直向下地滴下的油。
将关于如上所述构造的驱动装置80中的各种类型的齿轮的润滑和电动机的冷却来进行描述。首先,将描述油温低的情况。当油温低时,油的粘度高。从而,不容易通过仅仅将油上抛来向中间从动齿轮40供应所需的油量。同时,同样在本示例中,旁通管86也形成有排出孔94,且旁通管86中的油从排出孔94排出。由于油的粘度高,油没有朝第一收集槽88射出而是如由虚线箭头所示竖直向下地滴下。可替代地,油沿旁通管86的外周面暂时流下,然后与其分离,并竖直向下地滴下。从而,从排出孔94排出的一些油从排出孔94竖直向下地滴下,并供应至在竖直方向上位于排出孔94的下方的第二收集槽90。然后,油经由第二收集槽90来供应至用于支撑中间从动齿轮40的轴承。从排出孔94排出而没有供应至第二收集槽90的其余的油沿旁通管86的外周面流下,如由虚线箭头所示地竖直向下地滴下,并直接地供应至中间从动齿轮40。如上所述,当油温低时,即,当油不容易供应至中间从动齿轮40时,从排出孔94排出的油供应至中间从动齿轮40以及用于支撑中间从动齿轮40的轴承。因而,润滑了中间从动齿轮40和用于支撑中间从动齿轮40的轴承。
接下来,将描述油温高的情况。当油温高时,油的粘度低。因而,增加了上抛的油的量,且由油搅动引起的搅动阻力趋于增大。同时,由于油的低粘度,从排出孔94排出的油沿着如由实线箭头所示的法线方向排出并供应至第一收集槽88。因而,供应至第一收集槽88的油没有供应至中间从动齿轮40,而是供应至可转动地支撑第二电动机MG2的第二转子轴28的轴承。如上所述,当油温高时,油供应至用于支撑第二电动机MG2的第二转子轴的轴承。因而,改善了高转速和高温下的耐磨性。此外,当油温高时,油没有直接供应至中间从动齿轮40。因而,防止了因比所需量更大量的供油引起的搅动损失的增大。
如上所述,从排出孔94排出的油的供应目的地根据油温来在第一收集槽88和第二收集槽90之间切换。即使在本示例的情况下,仍然可以获得与上述示例的效果大致相同的效果。更具体地,例如,当油的粘度高且难以保证用于润滑中间从动齿轮40的所需油量时,油供应至第二收集槽90。然后,所需油量经由第二收集槽90供应至中间从动齿轮40。另一方面,当油温高且油的粘度低时,油供应至第一收集槽88。然后,油优选地经由第一收集槽88供应至用于支撑第二电动机MG2的第二转子轴28的轴承。因而,改善了在高转速和高温下致动的轴承的耐磨性。
至此已基于附图详细地描述了本发明的示例。然而,本发明还应用于其他方面。
例如,在上述示例中,每个旁通管58、旁通管86均在竖直方向上设置于中间从动齿轮40的上方。然而,这仅为种示例,且只要齿轮需要润滑,则不特别地限制齿轮的类型。
此外,在上述示例中,侧壁52在排出孔62的法线方向上形成。然而,本发明不必限于侧壁的形成。类似地,第一收集槽88布置在排出孔94的法线方向上。然而,本发明不必限于此。
在上述示例中,在驱动装置12中,第一电动机MG1和第二电动机MG2布置在不同旋转轴上。然而,本发明不限于驱动装置12,而是可以恰当地应用于通过包括电动机和齿轮机构来构造的驱动装置。
上述示例的油泵37由副轴30驱动。然而,这仅为示例。油泵37可以由诸如动力传输轴26或输入轴20的另一旋转轴来驱动。
在上述示例中,侧壁52由行驶风冷却。然而,本发明不限于此。侧壁52可以不由行驶风冷却。可替代地,侧壁52可以通过诸如水冷却方法的另一方案来冷却。
在上述示例中,构造成差动内齿圈46浸入在油中并且油通过差动内齿圈46的转动来上抛。然而,这仅为示例。可以采用用于通过另一齿轮来将油上抛的结构。
在上述实施例中,旁通管58、旁通管86圆筒地形成,但其形状不限于圆筒形。其形状可以恰当地改变以具有(例如)方形横截面。
至此已描述的仅为实施例。本发明可以在基于本领域技术人员的知识进行了各种修改或改善的方案中来实施。
Claims (5)
1.一种车辆驱动装置,包括:
壳体,其中储存有油;
电动机,其容置在所述壳体中;
齿轮机构,其容置在所述壳体中,并且所述齿轮机构包括指定齿轮和第一齿轮,所述第一齿轮的竖直下部在竖直方向上位于所述油的表面的上方;
润滑机构,其构造成通过由所述指定齿轮上抛的所述油来润滑所述齿轮机构;
冷却机构,其包括油泵和管,所述冷却机构构造成通过所述油泵加压供给储存在所述壳体中的所述油并将所述油供应至所述电动机以冷却所述电动机,并且所述管构造成将从所述油泵排出的所述油供给至所述电动机,
所述管在所述竖直方向上位于所述第一齿轮的上方,且所述管具有孔,流经所述管的所述油中的一些被从所述孔排出,所述孔在所述竖直方向上位于所述第一齿轮的上方,所述孔布置在所述孔的法线方向不同于从所述孔竖直向下的方向的位置,并且
所述第一齿轮布置在不与所述孔的所述法线方向重叠的位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆驱动装置,其中
所述壳体布置在所述孔的所述法线方向上,并且
所述壳体构造成暴露于行驶风。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆驱动装置,进一步包括:
发动机;
驱动轮;
副轴,其构造成向所述驱动轮传递所述发动机的动力;
第一电动机;
第二电动机;
动力分配机构,其构造成向所述第一电动机和输出轴分配所述动力;
中间从动齿轮,其布置在所述副轴上;
输出齿轮,其布置在所述输出轴上,以及
动力传输轴,其构造成向所述第二电动机的转子轴传递所述动力,其中
所述发动机、所述第一电动机和所述动力分配机构布置在第一轴线上,
所述副轴布置在第二轴线上,
所述第二电动机和所述动力传输轴布置在第三轴线上,
所述中间从动齿轮与所述输出齿轮啮合,且所述中间从动齿轮与布置在所述动力传输轴上的齿轮啮合,并且
所述第一齿轮为所述中间从动齿轮。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆驱动装置,进一步包括:
第一收集槽,其布置在所述孔的所述法线方向上的位置处,所述第一收集槽构造成将所述油供应至轴承并接收从所述孔沿所述法线方向排出的所述油,且所述轴承构造成支撑所述电动机的转子轴;以及
第二收集槽,其在所述竖直方向上布置于所述孔的下方的位置处,并且所述第二收集槽构造成将所述油供应至需要润滑的齿轮,且所述第二收集槽构造成接收从所述孔竖直向下地滴下的所述油,其中
所述管布置成相对于水平线倾斜。
5.根据权利要求3所述的车辆驱动装置,进一步包括:
第一收集槽,其布置在所述孔的所述法线方向上的位置处,所述第一收集槽构造成将所述油供应至轴承并接收从所述孔沿所述法线方向排出的所述油,且所述轴承构造成支撑所述第二电动机的所述转子轴;以及
第二收集槽,其在所述竖直方向上布置于所述孔的下方的位置处,并且所述第二收集槽构造成将所述油供应至需要润滑的齿轮,且所述第二收集槽构造成接收从所述孔竖直向下地滴下的所述油,其中
所述管布置成相对于水平线倾斜。
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JP6927087B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-02 | 2021-08-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両用動力伝達装置の潤滑装置 |
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JP2021168527A (ja) * | 2020-04-08 | 2021-10-21 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両用回転電機の冷却装置 |
KR20220012742A (ko) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-02-04 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | 인휠 구동 장치 |
CN113669435B (zh) * | 2021-07-15 | 2024-01-16 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | 一种混合动力式驱动系统的润滑冷却系统及车辆 |
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JPH0345407U (zh) * | 1989-09-11 | 1991-04-26 | ||
JP4218129B2 (ja) * | 1999-05-24 | 2009-02-04 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | 油圧発生装置及びそれを用いたハイブリッド車輌 |
JP3893960B2 (ja) * | 2001-01-12 | 2007-03-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 動力伝達装置 |
JP4485566B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-13 | 2010-06-23 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | モータ式動力装置 |
JP5092926B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-20 | 2012-12-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 動力伝達装置 |
JP5508876B2 (ja) | 2010-01-26 | 2014-06-04 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | ハイブリッド車両用駆動装置 |
JP2011214715A (ja) * | 2010-03-16 | 2011-10-27 | Aisin Aw Co Ltd | 車両用駆動装置 |
JP2011256969A (ja) * | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-22 | Toyota Motor Corp | 駆動装置の潤滑装置 |
US8905885B2 (en) * | 2011-02-04 | 2014-12-09 | Aisin Aw Co., Ltd. | Vehicle drive device |
DE102011076525A1 (de) * | 2011-05-26 | 2012-11-29 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Elektrischer Fahrantrieb für ein Fahrzeug |
JP5703143B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-27 | 2015-04-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 車両用動力伝達装置 |
CN103688085B (zh) * | 2011-07-19 | 2015-04-08 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 混合动力车辆用传动装置的润滑装置 |
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US20170067554A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
EP3116733A1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
EP3116733B1 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
JP6007933B2 (ja) | 2016-10-19 |
WO2015136344A8 (en) | 2016-08-25 |
US10408335B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 |
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