CN106094032A - A kind of method building formation velocity model - Google Patents
A kind of method building formation velocity model Download PDFInfo
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- CN106094032A CN106094032A CN201610762531.3A CN201610762531A CN106094032A CN 106094032 A CN106094032 A CN 106094032A CN 201610762531 A CN201610762531 A CN 201610762531A CN 106094032 A CN106094032 A CN 106094032A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method building formation velocity model.Described method includes: obtain the existing single big gun seismic data in work area；Obtain pre-stack time migration seismic data cube and the pre-stack time migration image taking speed body in work area；Obtain seismic reflection layer bit data and the layer data of the time domain of each speed controlling layer in work area；Obtain each electrobed section and the speed of each speed controlling interval；Obtain the speed of each speed controlling layer；Set up the tectonic framework model in work area；Obtain the velocity field in work area；Obtain depth migration body of velocity；Form final rate pattern.The present invention can utilize the acoustic logging of adjacent area, VSP log, the pre-stack time migration body of velocity in work area, pre-stack depth migration body of velocity and surface geology figure combine the Skeleton Model in work area to set up formation velocity model, can be applicable to new prospecting area, precision is higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geophysical signal collection and seismic data interpretation field.Build ground it relates in particular to a kind of
The method of interval velocity model.
Background technology
In seismic data interpretation works, formation velocity model is mainly used in time and depth transfer, therefore, accurately sets up stratum speed
Degree model is one of core missions of seismic data interpretation work, be the important prerequisite condition obtaining reasonable excellent Geological Achievements with
Key job content.
At present, the more ripe method setting up formation velocity model is with seismic velocity as background, research on utilization work area
The time-depth curve of drilling well or well layering earthquake horizon velocity (that is, the well shake Pseudo velocity of drilling well) are abnormal to tectonic model and lithology
Body framework carries out about beam alignment, thus sets up the formation velocity model of the whole district.The method can substantially meet the needs of explanation, and
It is not easy to structure distortion.
But, for the exploratory area that some are the newest, basic data is relatively fewer, only the drilling data of adjacent area and local area
Geology, Use of Geophysical Data, the precision of conventional formation velocity model cannot meet far away the needs of this type of surveying tasks.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve at least one in deficiencies of the prior art.
To achieve these goals, the invention reside in a kind of method building formation velocity model of offer, existing to overcome
The problem that in technology, the precision of formation velocity model is the highest.
The invention provides a kind of method building formation velocity model, described method include step: A, obtain work area and
The basic data of adjacent area；B, single big gun geological data to work area carry out pre-stack time migration process, during to obtain the prestack in work area
Between migrating seismic data body and pre-stack time migration body of velocity；C, determine work area speed controlling according to work area subsurface velocity structure
Layer, and carry out the tracing of horizons of speed controlling layer at described pre-stack time migration seismic data cube, to obtain each speed in work area
The seismic reflection layer bit data of the time domain of degree key-course and layer data；D, according to the sound wave curve of adjacent area well and/or vertical
Seismic profile log obtains each electrobed section and the speed of each speed controlling interval；E, according to ground geologic map and described
Pre-stack time migration body of velocity, obtains the speed at each speed controlling layer each control point in the plane, thus obtains speed control
The planar velocity variation diagram of preparative layer；F, the seismic reflection layer bit data in described step C and layer data is utilized to set up work area
Tectonic framework model；G, according to the Taoist monastic name of seismic survey lines or coordinate, by time number corresponding in the tectonic framework model in step F
Match according to the speed data in the planar velocity variation diagram with the speed controlling layer in described step E, obtain tectonic framework
Corresponding speed controlling layer or the time m-speed pair of tomography in model, by speed m-time all to spatially merging, from
And obtain the velocity field in work area；Seismic reflection layer position in H, the velocity field in the work area utilized in described step G and described step C
Data, are controlled velocity inversion, set up initial pre-stack depth migration data volume, then carry out corresponding depth migration process,
To depth migration body of velocity；I, utilize the speed in the depth migration body of velocity in described step H to each speed in described step E
The speed at degree key-course each control point in the plane carries out the correction in trend, repeats step G and forms final rate pattern.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, described step C determines work according to work area subsurface velocity structure
The implementation of district's speed controlling floor can be: changing structure according to work area formation velocity, speed controlling layer can control big noose
The velocity variations on structure stratum, then according to speed controlling bed boundary, there is bigger difference of impedance, described interface is strong in whole district's reflection,
And following the trail of continuously, so that it is determined that work area speed controlling layer.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, described step E may comprise steps of: E1, according to ground ground
The exposure situation on each stratum on matter figure, utilizes Weighted Average Algorithm to obtain the first average speed of each speed controlling interval in plane
On spread；E2, to utilize Dickens, Charles formula to be converted into root mean sequare velocity corresponding in described pre-stack time migration body of velocity flat
All speed, then extract the average speed of each speed controlling layer, utilizes the average speed of each speed controlling layer extracted to described the
One average speed carries out the correction in trend, sketches out the planar velocity variation diagram of each speed controlling layer.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect comprise that the acoustic logging of adjacent area, VSP can be utilized to survey
Well curve, the pre-stack time migration body of velocity in work area, pre-stack depth migration body of velocity and surface geology figure combine the lattice in work area
Formation velocity model set up by frame model, and the method is mainly used in new prospecting area, and precision is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By the detailed description carried out below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, above and other purpose of exemplary embodiment of the present, spy
Point and/or advantage will become apparent, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the method building formation velocity model according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 shows layer bit data and the tomography of the speed controlling layer obtaining work area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of the step of data；
Fig. 3 shows and determines the speed of electrobed section in work area and each speed control according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of the step of the speed of preparative layer section；
Fig. 4 shows the velocity plane change of the speed controlling layer setting up work area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of step；
Fig. 5 shows the step of the pre-stack depth migration data volume obtaining work area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
Flow chart.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter, accompanying drawing and exemplary embodiment will be combined to describe the structure formation velocity model of the present invention in detail
Method
Fig. 1 shows the flow chart of the method building formation velocity model according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.Here,
As example, described method can be realized by the equipment being used for building formation velocity model, it is possible to passes through computer program completely
Realize.
As it is shown in figure 1, in step S100, obtain work area and the existing basic data in adjacent area.Here, described work area and adjacent area
Existing basic data can include drilling data, well-log information and geologic information, seismic data etc..
In step S200, single big gun geological data in work area is carried out pre-stack time migration process, to obtain the prestack in work area
Time migration seismic data cube and pre-stack time migration body of velocity.Here, can be by the existing any mode single big gun to work area
Geological data carries out pre-stack time migration and processes pre-stack time migration seismic data cube and the pre-stack time migration obtaining work area
Body of velocity.Here, single big gun geological data in work area belongs to the seismic data in the basic data in step S100.
In step S300, determine work area speed controlling layer according to work area subsurface velocity structure, and at described prestack time
Migrating seismic data body carries out the tracing of horizons of speed controlling layer (that is, aforesaid work area speed controlling layer), to obtain in work area
The seismic reflection layer bit data of the time domain of each speed controlling layer and layer data.As example, Zhong Ge stratum, described work area
The seismic reflection layer bit data of time domain and layer data can include the seismic reflection of each main speed controlling layer in work area
Layer bit data and layer data.Here, this area those having ordinary skill in the art can by comprehensive analyze the drilling well in this district, well logging,
The data such as matter, earthquake determines work area subsurface velocity structure, and can determine work area according to work area subsurface velocity structure further
Speed controlling layer.
In step S400, according to the sound wave curve collected or vertical seismic profile log curve, (referred to as VSP logs well song
Line) obtain each electrobed section (the least interval) and the speed of each speed controlling interval.Here, each speed controlling layer
Section refers to the section between adjacent two speed controlling layers.
In step S500, according to the surface geology figure collected and by the pre-stack time migration speed obtained by step S200
Degree body obtains the speed at each speed controlling layer each control point in the plane, thus obtains speed controlling layer plane velocity variations
Figure.Specifically, the speed at each control point is mainly according to the speed of gained in step S400, according to ground geologic map and folded
The variation tendency of front time migration body of velocity gained speed determines the speed at each speed controlling layer each control point in the plane,
Thus obtain speed controlling layer plane velocity profile.Wherein, the speed of the speed of gained each speed controlling interval in step S400
Degree.Here, surface geology figure is to collect to get to obtain basic data, is directly available achievement map.
In step S600, the seismic reflection layer bit data in step S300 and layer data is utilized to set up the structure lattice in work area
Frame model.
In step S700, according to Taoist monastic name or the coordinate of seismic survey lines, by the tectonic framework model in step S600 time
Between data match with the speed data in the planar velocity variation diagram of the speed controlling layer in step S500, obtain construct lattice
Speed controlling layer in frame model or the time m-speed pair of tomography, by speed m-time all to spatially merging, thus
Obtain the velocity field in work area.
At S800, utilize the seismic reflection layer bit data in the velocity field in work area in step S700 and step S300, enter
Row controls velocity inversion, sets up initial pre-stack depth migration data volume, then the depth migration carried out processes, and obtains depth migration speed
Degree body.
It is to say, as it is shown in figure 1, in the present example embodiment, the method for the present invention utilizes step S500 and step
S600 carries out step S700, then utilizes the achievement (velocity field in work area) of step S700 to participate in step S800, then profit
By the speed of step S800 gained, the speed at each speed controlling layer each control point in the plane in step S500 is repaiied
Just, then by step S700 final achievement is obtained.It is to say, ought the pre-stack depth migration speed in S800 achievement in steps
When pre-stack time migration body of velocity in body and step S200 occurs, when carrying out step S500, with step S800 achievement simultaneously
In depth migration body of velocity alternative steps S500 in pre-stack time migration body of velocity.
Additionally, utilizing the speed of step S800 gained to each control in the plane of each speed controlling layer in step S500
When the speed of system point is modified, it then follows use the speed of the sound wave curve gained of well when having well；Without well area with well point speed
For standard, the rate of change using the speed in step S800 to start at from well point carries out the school trend to the speed of step S500
Just.
Fig. 2 shows layer bit data and the tomography of the speed controlling layer obtaining work area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of the step (that is, step S300) of data.
As in figure 2 it is shown, in step S310, change structure according to work area formation velocity, speed controlling layer can control big noose
The velocity variations on structure stratum, and upper and lower stratum, selected speed controlling bed boundary has bigger difference of impedance, and this interface is entirely
District's reflection is strong, and can follow the trail of continuously such that it is able to determine work area speed controlling layer.In step S320, on pre-stack time migration ground
The tracing of horizons of shake data volume enterprising line speed key-course, anti-to obtain the earthquake of the time domain of each speed controlling layer in work area
Penetrate layer bit data and layer data.
Fig. 3 shows and determines the speed of electrobed section in work area and each speed control according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of the step (i.e. step S400) of the speed of preparative layer section.
As it is shown on figure 3, in step S410, calculate corresponding electrobed section and corresponding according to the acoustic logging well curve of adjacent area well
The speed of speed controlling interval.
In step S420, determine speed and the corresponding speed of corresponding electrobed section according to the VSP log of adjacent area well
Control section.
In step S430, utilize the described speed determining each electrobed section and the speed of each speed controlling interval.Optional
Speed is determined, it is also possible to comprehensively determine a speed by both speed with any one source of S410 or S420.According to
Comprehensive method determines speed, can carry out complementation according to collecting two kinds of data, such as some sections may only have one of which data,
So just mutually whole section of speed is carried out polishing.As two kinds of data have, can rule of thumb judge which section of which kind of data is more accurate
Really, alternative in a certain data of certain section employing.As both of which thinks do not have big problem, it is possible to use the mode being averaging
Determine final speed.
As long as wherein electrobed section speed is according to the minimum unit can distinguished on the geologic map of ground.
Fig. 4 shows the velocity plane change of the speed controlling layer setting up work area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of step (i.e. step S500).
In step S510, use surface geology figure, according to the exposure situation on stratum each on the geologic map of ground, utilize weighting flat
All algorithms obtain speed controlling interval spread in the plane, and wherein, described Weighted Average Algorithm is primarily directed to surface geology
Each electrobed can seen on figure accounts for the proportion of each speed controlling layer corresponding and is weighted averagely obtaining the most often
The average speed of individual speed controlling layer.In the method for the invention, the plane that layer spatially refers to, interval refers to two
Section in the middle of plane.
In step S520, Dickens, Charles formula is utilized to be converted into averagely the root mean sequare velocity in pre-stack time migration body of velocity
Speed, then extract the average speed of each speed controlling layer, utilize the average speed of each speed controlling layer extracted to do in S510
Average speed carry out correction in trend and (use the speed of the sound wave curve gained of well when following well during correction, without wellblock
Territory uses with well point speed as standard, and the speed of S510 is become by the rate of change using the speed in S520 to start at from well point
Correction in gesture), sketch out the sea level changes figure of each speed controlling layer.
Wherein, for seismic data degree of covering, the relatively low and relatively low interval of signal to noise ratio, mainly uses the weighting described in S510
The trend of the average speed of average gained speed controlling layer, and for seismic data degree of covering higher and signal to noise ratio higher level section
Then use the average speed variation tendency that S520 pre-stack time migration body of velocity is extracted.Generally step S510, step S520 can
Individually carrying out, when individually carrying out, the precision of step S510 is higher；But the precision of step S520 is relatively low, general it is not recommended that S520 is mono-
Solely carry out.It is to say, can use step S510 to realize step S500, or employing order carry out step S510 and step
S520 realizes step S500.Here, seismic data degree of covering is relatively low, higher, and signal to noise ratio is relatively low, higher belongs to ability
The content that territory those having ordinary skill in the art may determine that.
Fig. 5 shows the step of the pre-stack depth migration data volume obtaining work area according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
The flow chart of (i.e. step S800).
As it is shown in figure 5, in step S810, utilize velocity field and the seismic reflection layer bit data in work area, anti-to described earthquake
Penetrate a layer bit data and be controlled velocity inversion, to set up initial pre-stack depth migration data volume.
In step S820, described initial pre-stack depth migration data volume is utilized to extract pre-stack depth migration data attribute.This
In, described pre-stack depth migration data volume attribute can include at least one in following item: inclination angle, azimuth and seriality etc. belong to
Property.
In step S830, obtain pre-stack depth migration imaging point road altogether based on described initial pre-stack depth migration data volume
Collection, to described pre-stack depth migration common imaging gather automatic Picking residual mean square root speed, and to described residual mean square root speed
Degree is smoothed.
In step S840, the residual mean square root speed after described pre-stack depth migration data attribute and smoothing processing is utilized to build
Vertical grid chromatography imaging array, carries out dematrix process, to obtain the prestack depth in work area to described grid chromatography imaging array
Migration velocity body.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method building formation velocity model can comprise the following steps that
(A) the existing single big gun seismic data in work area is obtained；(B) the pre-stack time migration seismic data cube and the prestack time that obtain work area are inclined
Move into as body of velocity；(C) seismic reflection layer bit data and the layer data of the time domain of each speed controlling layer in work area are obtained；
(D) each electrobed section and the speed of each speed controlling interval are obtained；(E) speed of each speed controlling layer is obtained；(F) work is set up
The tectonic framework model in district；(G) velocity field in work area is obtained；(H) depth migration body of velocity is obtained；(I) final speed is formed
Model.
Preferably, step (C) including: (C1) changes structure according to work area formation velocity, and speed controlling layer can control big set
The velocity variations on structure stratum, then according to speed controlling bed boundary, there is bigger difference of impedance, this interface is strong in whole district's reflection,
And following the trail of continuously, so that it is determined that work area speed controlling layer；(C2) and carry out on described pre-stack time migration seismic data cube
The tracing of horizons of speed controlling layer, to obtain the seismic reflection layer bit data of the time domain of each speed controlling layer in work area and to break
Layer data.
Preferably, step (D) including: (D1) calculates corresponding electrobed section and phase according to the acoustic logging well curve of adjacent area well
Answer the speed of speed controlling interval；(D2) speed and the phase of corresponding electrobed section is determined according to the VSP log of adjacent area well
Answer speed controlling interval；(D3) speed of each electrobed section and each is comprehensively determined according to the speed calculated in existing D1 and D2
Speed controlling interval.
Preferably, step (E) including: (E1) uses surface geology figure, according to the exposure feelings on stratum each on the geologic map of ground
Condition, utilizes Weighted Average Algorithm to obtain speed controlling interval spread in the plane；(E2) by pre-stack time migration body of velocity
Corresponding root mean sequare velocity utilizes Dickens, Charles formula to be converted into average speed, then extracts the average speed of each speed controlling layer, profit
With the average speed of each speed controlling layer extracted, the speed in E1 is carried out the correction in trend, sketch out each speed controlling layer
Sea level changes figure.
Preferably, step (H) including: (H1) utilizes the seismic reflection layer bit data in the velocity field in work area in G and C2, enters
Row controls velocity inversion, sets up initial pre-stack depth migration data volume；(H2) initial pre-stack depth migration data described in H1 are utilized
Body extracts pre-stack depth migration data attribute；(H3) pre-stack depth migration is obtained based on described initial pre-stack depth migration data volume
Common imaging gather, to described pre-stack depth migration common imaging gather automatic Picking residual mean square root speed, and to described surplus
Remaining root mean sequare velocity is smoothed；(H4) utilize the residue after described pre-stack depth migration data attribute and smoothing processing equal
Root speed sets up grid chromatography imaging array, and described grid chromatography imaging array is carried out dematrix process, to obtain work area
Pre-stack depth migration body of velocity.
Preferably, step (I) including: root mean sequare velocity corresponding in pre-stack depth migration body of velocity is utilized Di more by (I1)
This formula is converted into average speed, then extracts the average speed of each speed controlling layer, utilizes the flat of each speed controlling layer of extracting
All speed carries out the correction in trend to the speed in E2；(I2) repeat step G and form final rate pattern.
In sum, in building the method for rate pattern of geological data according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, energy
Enough utilize adjacent area or the time-depth curve of local area, VSP curve, the pre-stack depth migration body of velocity in work area, pre-stack depth migration speed
Body, surface geology achievement, combine the Skeleton Model in work area to set up formation velocity model, be effectively improved in formation velocity model
The accuracy of speed.
Although describe the present invention already in connection with accompanying drawing and exemplary embodiment above, but those of ordinary skill in the art
It should be clear that in the case of without departing from spirit and scope by the claims, above-described embodiment can be carried out various amendment.
Claims (3)
1. the method building formation velocity model, described method includes step:
A, acquisition work area and the basic data of adjacent area；
B, single big gun geological data to work area carry out pre-stack time migration process, to obtain the pre-stack time migration earthquake number in work area
According to body and pre-stack time migration body of velocity；
C, determine work area speed controlling layer according to work area subsurface velocity structure, and at described pre-stack time migration seismic data cube
Carry out the tracing of horizons of work area speed controlling layer, to obtain the seismic reflection layer position of the time domain of each speed controlling layer in work area
Data and layer data；
D, obtain according to the sound wave curve of adjacent area well collected and/or vertical seismic profile log curve each electrobed section and
The speed of each speed controlling interval；
E, according to ground geologic map and described pre-stack time migration body of velocity, obtain each speed controlling layer in the plane each control
The speed of system point, thus obtain the planar velocity variation diagram of speed controlling layer；
F, the seismic reflection layer bit data in described step C and layer data is utilized to set up the tectonic framework model in work area；
G, according to the Taoist monastic name of seismic survey lines or coordinate, by the time data in the tectonic framework model in step F and described step E
In speed controlling layer planar velocity variation diagram in speed data match, obtain the speed control in tectonic framework model
Preparative layer or the time m-speed pair of tomography, by speed m-time all to spatially merging, thus obtain the velocity field in work area；
Seismic reflection layer bit data in H, the velocity field in the work area utilized in described step G and described step C, is controlled speed
Degree inverting, sets up initial pre-stack depth migration data volume, then carries out depth migration process, obtain depth migration body of velocity；
I, utilize speed in the depth migration body of velocity in described step H to each speed controlling layer in described step E flat
On face, the speed at each control point carries out the correction in trend, repeats step G and forms final rate pattern.
The method of structure formation velocity model the most according to claim 1, wherein, according to stratum, work area in described step C
Velocity structure determines that the implementation of work area speed controlling layer is: change structure, speed controlling layer according to work area formation velocity
The velocity variations on big nested structure stratum can be controlled, then according to speed controlling bed boundary, there is bigger difference of impedance, described interface
In the whole district, reflection is strong, and can follow the trail of continuously, so that it is determined that work area speed controlling layer.
3. the method building formation velocity model as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described step E comprises the following steps:
E1, exposure situation according to stratum each on the geologic map of ground, utilize Weighted Average Algorithm to obtain each speed controlling interval
First average speed spread in the plane；
E2, Dickens, Charles formula is utilized to be converted into average speed the root mean sequare velocity in described pre-stack time migration body of velocity, then
Extract the average speed of each speed controlling layer, utilize the average speed of each speed controlling layer extracted to described first average speed
Carry out the correction in trend, sketch out the planar velocity variation diagram of each speed controlling layer.
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| CN106772603A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 成都理工大学 | A kind of improved seismic interval velocity field computation method suitable for prediction of formation pressure |
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| CN112083489B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2023-04-18 | 中国煤炭地质总局地球物理勘探研究院 | Prestack depth migration speed updating method based on multi-information constraint |
| CN112764104A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-05-07 | 南方科技大学 | Measuring method, measuring device, terminal equipment and storage medium |
| CN112764104B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-12-30 | 南方科技大学 | Measuring method, measuring device, terminal equipment and storage medium |
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