CN102967882B - The modeling method of the interval velocity model on stratum - Google Patents
The modeling method of the interval velocity model on stratum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of modeling method of interval velocity model of stratum is provided.Described method comprises: the geological data gathering work area; Utilize the data of the drilling well in geological data and work area, generating layer velocity field; The iterative processing of reflection tomographic method speed is performed to interval velocity field, thus generates the interval velocity field optimized; The interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum is extracted from the interval velocity field optimized; The interval velocity planimetric map of the data of drilling well to each stratum of extracting is utilized to correct; Based on the interval velocity planimetric map generation layer velocity field after correction; When the correcting value for carrying out correcting exceeds preset range, proceed to for the interval velocity field generated the step performing the iterative processing of reflection tomographic method speed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of seismic exploration.More particularly, a kind of modeling method utilizing the interval velocity model on seismic data acquisition stratum is related to.
Background technology
Under High steep complex structure condition, the correct imaging that will obtain underground medium from artificial earthquake data can only use pre-stack depth migration.And pre-stack depth migration only could correct imaging under the accurate prerequisite of interval velocity model.Needing the place using pre-stack depth migration, general velocity analysis method does not often reach the accuracy requirement of expectation.In this case, in order to try to achieve interval velocity model more accurately, the velocity analysis method based on offset iterations is developed.Can say now that migration velocity analysis utilizes offset iterations to carry out velocity analysis exactly, this kind of velocity analysis method utilizes the impact of velocity field on migration imaging to carry out modification level rate pattern.
The most frequently used Deregowski circulation is very stable to pre-stack time migration, can produce desirable velocity estimation in the ordinary course of things, is also well suited for when the horizontal change of speed is inviolent depth shift.But two basic assumptions will be had: (1) lateral variation in velocity within the scope of a seismological observation arrangement of data space is inviolent, and (2) inclination angle, reflection horizon is not too steep.If do not meet any one condition, Deregowski circulation is just dispersed.
The common defects of said method is the hypothesis to underground, geologic condition in speed correction relation, if subsurface velocities is constant, with only along depth direction change and little offset distance hypothesis.Under these assumed conditions, average velocity can be approximated to be root-mean-square velocity, and then by Dix (Otto Dix) formula or other formula, average velocity can be converted to interval velocity.But, there is very large difference when lateral variation in velocity between average velocity and root-mean-square velocity.This can cause dispersing of speed iterative process, therefore, the precision and stability of method is had influence on when many complex structures and lateral variation in velocity exist, it is the comparatively simple situation of flat seam or underground structure that its basic assumption make it apply to be only limited to stratum, and this limits the application of method to a certain extent.The common weak point of these methods is horizontal drastic change and the tilted strata structure of inapplicable speed.
But also do not have a kind of migration velocity analysis method of maturation at present, migration velocity analysis is still in development period.An independent velocity modeling method cannot meet the needs of complex structure depth shift.
In structure elucidation, utilize the data such as drilling well and areal geology, can set up laterally along each speed layer by layer of layer change, enough large and in the uniform situation of branch at well spacing density, utilize speed change modeling technique can set up reasonably interval velocity model accurately, but the exploratory development degree of oil field block is different, well pattern distribution is desirable not to the utmost, the direct speed control distribution affecting speed change modeling, thus the interval velocity model affecting whole work area is set up.
In work area without well control region, Normal practice is exactly estimate its each speed layer by layer according to data such as areal geologies, or utilizes the time dark relation of work area drilling well to carry out velocity estimation.The interval velocity model of the whole district is set up at computation layer speed control based on well control district and the estimation interval velocity reference mark without well control district.But this is one and spreads over a whole area from one point the process arriving said three-dimensional body again, the realization of its interpolation, the process such as level and smooth has significant limitation, when misoperation, very easily occurs the local distortion of body of velocity.
As can be seen from the analysis of the conventional modeling method of above pre-stack depth migration speed and structure elucidation speed change velocity modeling method, both have its respective relative merits and technological difficulties.For the velocity model building based on offset iterations velocity analysis, its maximum advantage is to have good of overall importance, and convenient and swift to all kinds of process of body of velocity, and maximum difficult point is to be difficult to show complicated velocity structure; Interval velocity model based on speed change modeling technique is set up, its maximum advantage is to set up formation velocity reference mark, well control district accurately, and can more complicated velocity structure be showed, maximum shortcoming is to lack of overall importance, is difficult to constraint to the interpolation of body of velocity and reckoning.
Therefore, need a kind ofly in height steep complex geological structure situation, also can set up the modeling method with good interval velocity model of overall importance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of modeling method of interval velocity model of stratum.
An aspect of of the present present invention is the modeling method of the interval velocity model providing a kind of stratum, comprising: (a) gathers the geological data in work area; B () utilizes the data of the drilling well well point in geological data and work area, generating layer velocity field; C () performs the iterative processing of reflection tomographic method speed to interval velocity field, thus generate the interval velocity field optimized; D () extracts the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum from the interval velocity field optimized; E () utilizes the interval velocity planimetric map of the data of the drilling well well point in work area to each stratum of extracting to correct; F () is based on the interval velocity planimetric map generation layer velocity field after correction; (g) when in step (e) exceed preset range for the correcting value carrying out correcting time, step (c) is performed to the interval velocity field that generates in step (f).
Alternatively, step (b) comprising: (b1) utilizes geological data, obtains the time data of each stratigraphic horizon; (b2) according to the interval velocity on each Chu Ge stratum, drilling well well point in work area, the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum is set up; (b3) time data of each stratigraphic horizon obtained and the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum is utilized, generating layer velocity field.
Alternatively, step (b1) comprising: carry out horizontal stacking image process and time migration after stack imaging processing to geological data, thus obtains horizontal stacking image data and time migration after stack imaging data; Existing work area geologic data is utilized to carry out structure elucidation to horizontal stacking image data and time migration after stack imaging data, to obtain the time data of each stratigraphic horizon.
Alternatively, step (d) comprising: utilize the time data of each stratigraphic horizon to extract the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum from the interval velocity field optimized.
Alternatively, step (e) comprising: utilize the interval velocity planimetric map of the interval velocity on each Chu Ge stratum, drilling well well point to each stratum of extracting to correct.
Alternatively, step (f) comprising: utilize the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum after correcting and the time data of each stratigraphic horizon, generation layer velocity field.
Alternatively, the interval velocity on each Chu Ge stratum, drilling well well point is calculated according at least one in sound wave measuring well curve and vertical seismic profile log data and drilling well individual-layer data.
Alternatively, step (b2) also comprises: according to the interval velocity on each Chu Ge stratum, drilling well well point and the geologic information in known work area in work area, set up the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum.
Alternatively, the geologic information in described known work area comprises at least one in work area drilling well individual-layer data, formation lithology data, existing formation velocity achievement in research data, existing structure performance data.
Alternatively, step (f) also comprises: according to seismic line drawing lines number or coordinate, the time data of each stratigraphic horizon is mated with corresponding formation interval velocity planimetric map, obtain the time m-speed pair on each stratum, by all stratum time m-speed to merging thus obtaining the interval velocity field in work area.
Alternatively, step (c) comprising: perform the iterative processing of reflection tomographic method speed to interval velocity field, and resampling and/or smoothing processing are carried out to the interval velocity field after performing the iterative processing of reflection tomographic method speed, thus generate the interval velocity field optimized.
Alternatively, existing work area geologic data comprises at least one in well data, log data, existing geological research performance data and existing structure performance data.
Alternatively, when the correcting value for correcting the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum is not all in preset range, determine to exceed preset range for the correcting value carrying out correcting in step (e), wherein, the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum corresponds to a preset range.
According to the modeling method of the interval velocity model on stratum of the present invention, by preliminary acquisition speed field and to its iterated application reflection tomographic method speed iterative processing, thus for the steep complex geological structure of height, when ensureing well control district formation interval velocity accuracy, have good of overall importance simultaneously, thus the needs of the seismic data process such as such as pre-stack depth migration process, time and depth transfer and explanation can be met.
Part in ensuing description is set forth the present invention other in and/or advantage, some will be clearly by describing, or can learn through enforcement of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By the detailed description of carrying out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, above and other objects of the present invention, feature and advantage will become apparent, wherein:
Fig. 1 illustrates the process flow diagram of the modeling method of the interval velocity model on stratum according to an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below, describe in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings according to exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 1 illustrates the process flow diagram of the modeling method of the interval velocity model on stratum according to an embodiment of the invention.
In step 101, seismic event exciting method is utilized to produce seismic event in work area, and acquiring seismic data.
In step 102, conventional horizontal stacking image process and time migration after stack imaging processing are carried out to geological data, thus obtains horizontal stacking image data and time migration after stack imaging data.
Horizontal stacking image process and time migration after stack imaging processing are the technology of comparative maturity.Comparatively common time migration after stack imaging processing carries out time migration after stack to horizontal stacking image data after suitably correcting stack velocity, is characterized in the basic imaging can carrying out stratigraphic structure screen work rapidly.
In step 103, the geologic data in existing work area is utilized to carry out structure elucidation to horizontal stacking image data and time migration after stack imaging data, to set up basic structural model and the contrast carrying out stratigraphic horizon is followed the trail of, thus obtain the time data of each stratigraphic horizon.
Existing geologic data can be such as various well data, log data, geological research achievement and structure achievement etc.
In step 104, according to the interval velocity on each Chu Ge stratum, drilling well well point in work area, set up the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum.
Such as, can according to the drilling well individual-layer data at drilling well well point place and sound wave measuring well curve and/or vertical seismic profiling (VSP) (VSP) log data) calculate the interval velocity on each Chu Ge stratum, drilling well well point, thus can by put and face set up the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum.
In addition, in order to improve the precision of interval velocity planimetric map, particularly to the reckoning without each formation interval velocity in well control region, should with reference to utilizing as far as possible many existing geologic informations (such as, work area drilling well individual-layer data, formation lithology data, existing formation velocity achievement in research data, existing structure performance data etc.) when setting up the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum.
In step 105, utilize the time data of each stratigraphic horizon obtained in step 103 and the interval velocity planimetric map in each stratum that step 104 obtains, generating layer velocity field.
Specifically, according to seismic line drawing lines number or coordinate, formation interval velocity planimetric map corresponding with it for the time data of each stratigraphic horizon is mated, obtains the time m-speed pair on each stratum, by all stratum time m-speed to merging thus obtaining the interval velocity field in work area.
Should be appreciated that, step 104 can perform any time before step 105.Such as, perform before any one in step 101-103 or with any one in step 101-103 simultaneously.
In step 106, utilize reflection tomographic method speed iteration to carry out iterative modifications to the interval velocity field obtained until imaging convergence, thus generate the interval velocity field being tending towards accurately reasonably optimizing.
Such as, existing reflection tomographic software (such as, Omega process software) can be utilized to perform the iterative processing of reflection tomographic method speed to the interval velocity field that step 104 obtains.At this moment, the interval velocity field obtained in step 104 is imported in reflection tomographic software as initial interval velocity model.
Preferably, can carry out the interval velocity field obtained after the iterative processing of reflection tomographic method speed resampling and/or level and smooth wait process after, thus generate the interval velocity field being tending towards accurately reasonably optimization.
In step 107, the time data of each stratigraphic horizon obtained in step 103 is utilized to extract the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum from the interval velocity field optimized.
In step 108, the interval velocity planimetric map of the interval velocity on each Chu Ge stratum, drilling well well point to each stratum obtained in step 107 is utilized to correct.
In step 109, utilize the time data of the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum after step 108 corrects and each stratigraphic horizon in step 103 acquisition, securing layer velocity field.
The concrete process of securing layer velocity field can be identical with step 105, and difference is that the value of the interval velocity data in interval velocity planimetric map may be different.
In step 110, determine the correcting value that in step 108 the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum corrected whether in preset range.
Should be appreciated that, all corresponding correcting value preset range of interval velocity planimetric map of every one deck.Timing is being carried out to the interval velocity planimetric map of every one deck, when correcting value corresponding to the interval velocity of each the drilling well well point in interval velocity planimetric map is in the preset range corresponding with this layer, is determining that the correcting value of this interval velocity planimetric map is in preset range; Otherwise, determine that the correcting value of this interval velocity planimetric map is not in preset range.
If determine to the correcting value of the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum all in preset range in step 110, then using the interval velocity field that obtains in step 109 as final interval velocity field.
If do not had all in preset range the determination correcting value of the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum in step 110, then perform step 106, again the iterative processing of reflection tomographic method speed is carried out to the interval velocity field obtained in step 109.Subsequently, in step 110, the step after repetition, until determine that correcting value is in preset range.
According to the modeling method of the interval velocity model on stratum of the present invention, by preliminary acquisition speed field and to its iterated application reflection tomographic method speed iterative processing, thus for the steep complex geological structure of height, when ensureing well control district formation velocity accuracy, have good of overall importance simultaneously, thus the needs of the seismic data process such as such as pre-stack depth migration process, time and depth transfer and explanation can be met.
Although specifically show with reference to its exemplary embodiment and describe the present invention, but it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art, when not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention that claim limits, the various changes in form and details can be carried out to it.
Claims (8)
1. a modeling method for the interval velocity model on stratum, is characterized in that comprising step:
A () gathers the geological data in work area;
B () utilizes the data of the drilling well well point in geological data and work area, generating layer velocity field;
C () performs the iterative processing of reflection tomographic method speed to interval velocity field, thus generate the interval velocity field optimized;
D () extracts the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum from the interval velocity field optimized;
E () utilizes the interval velocity planimetric map of the data of the drilling well well point in work area to each stratum of extracting to correct;
F () is based on the interval velocity planimetric map generation layer velocity field after correction;
(g) when in step (e) exceed preset range for the correcting value carrying out correcting time, step (c) is performed to the interval velocity field that generates in step (f);
Wherein, step (b) comprising:
(b1) utilize geological data, obtain the time data of each stratigraphic horizon;
(b2) according to the interval velocity on each Chu Ge stratum, drilling well well point in work area, the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum is set up;
(b3) time data of each stratigraphic horizon obtained and the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum is utilized, generating layer velocity field;
Wherein, step (c) comprising: perform the iterative processing of reflection tomographic method speed to interval velocity field, and resampling and/or smoothing processing are carried out to the interval velocity field after performing the iterative processing of reflection tomographic method speed, thus generate the interval velocity field optimized;
Wherein, step (d) comprising: utilize the time data of each stratigraphic horizon to extract the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum from the interval velocity field optimized;
Wherein, step (e) comprising: utilize the interval velocity planimetric map of the interval velocity on each Chu Ge stratum, drilling well well point to each stratum to correct;
Wherein, step (f) comprising: utilize the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum after correcting and the time data of each stratigraphic horizon, generation layer velocity field.
2. modeling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (b1) comprising:
Horizontal stacking image process and time migration after stack imaging processing are carried out to geological data, thus obtains horizontal stacking image data and time migration after stack imaging data;
Existing work area geologic data is utilized to carry out structure elucidation to horizontal stacking image data and time migration after stack imaging data, to obtain the time data of each stratigraphic horizon.
3. modeling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, calculates the interval velocity on each Chu Ge stratum, drilling well well point according at least one in sound wave measuring well curve and vertical seismic profile log data and drilling well individual-layer data.
4. modeling method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (b2) also comprises: according to the interval velocity on each Chu Ge stratum, drilling well well point and the geologic information in known work area in work area, set up the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum.
5. modeling method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the geologic information in described known work area comprises at least one in work area drilling well individual-layer data, formation lithology data, existing formation velocity achievement in research data, existing structure performance data.
6. modeling method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (f) also comprises: according to seismic line drawing lines number or coordinate, the time data of each stratigraphic horizon is mated with corresponding formation interval velocity planimetric map, obtain the time m-speed pair on each stratum, by all stratum time m-speed to merging thus obtaining the interval velocity field in work area.
7. modeling method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, existing work area geologic data comprises at least one in well data, log data, existing geological research performance data and existing structure performance data.
8. modeling method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, when the correcting value for correcting the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum is not all in preset range, determine to exceed preset range for the correcting value carrying out correcting in step (e), wherein, the interval velocity planimetric map on each stratum corresponds to a preset range.
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Application publication date: 20130313 Assignee: Sichuan Ji Saite Science and Technology Ltd. Assignor: China National Petroleum Corporation Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Geophysical Exploration Company Ltd. Contract record no.: 2016510000019 Denomination of invention: Method for building layer velocity model of stratum Granted publication date: 20150805 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20160920 |
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Effective date of registration: 20180129 Address after: 072751 Zhuozhou, Baoding, Fan Yang Road West, No. 189 Patentee after: Dongfang Geophysical Exploration Co., Ltd., China Petrochemical Corp. Address before: 610213 No. 1, No. 1, No. 1, Huayang Avenue, Huayang Town, Shuangliu County, Chengdu, Sichuan Patentee before: China National Petroleum Corporation Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Geophysical Exploration Company Ltd. |
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Effective date of registration: 20200921 Address after: 100007 Beijing, Dongzhimen, North Street, No. 9, No. Patentee after: CHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM Corp. Patentee after: BGP Inc., China National Petroleum Corp. Address before: 072751 Zhuozhou, Baoding, Fan Yang Road West, No. 189 Patentee before: BGP Inc., China National Petroleum Corp. |