CN112711064B - Initial layer velocity modeling method and device - Google Patents
Initial layer velocity modeling method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112711064B CN112711064B CN201911016588.9A CN201911016588A CN112711064B CN 112711064 B CN112711064 B CN 112711064B CN 201911016588 A CN201911016588 A CN 201911016588A CN 112711064 B CN112711064 B CN 112711064B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/282—Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/62—Physical property of subsurface
- G01V2210/622—Velocity, density or impedance
- G01V2210/6222—Velocity; travel time
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/60—Analysis
- G01V2210/66—Subsurface modeling
Abstract
The invention provides an initial layer velocity modeling method and a device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring time migration data, and picking up horizon data of a stratum according to the time migration data; performing time migration before the overlapping on the horizon data through a zero offset distance to obtain a horizon reverse migration data body; performing prestack depth migration on the horizon reverse migration data volume to obtain migration horizon data; obtaining theoretical depth domain horizons of corresponding stratums through logging layering and/or tectonic graph data; updating the layer speed of the corresponding stratum according to the depth difference between the offset layer data and the theoretical depth domain layer; and constructing and obtaining an initial layer velocity model through the layer velocity after stratum updating.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, in particular to an initial interval velocity modeling method and device.
Background
The prestack depth migration needs to be subjected to layer velocity modeling, the means for updating the velocity model comprise grid chromatography, full waveform inversion and the like, the method for updating the velocity model needs to have an initial layer velocity model, and the accuracy of the initial layer velocity model determines the velocity and the accuracy of subsequent velocity updating.
In order to obtain an initial layer velocity model, a conventional method includes converting prestack time migration velocity into layer velocity, or interpolating logging information to obtain layer velocity, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an initial layer velocity modeling method and device so as to shorten the time for manually establishing an initial layer velocity model and improve the accuracy of initial layer velocity modeling.
To achieve the above object, the method for modeling initial layer velocity provided by the present invention specifically comprises: acquiring time migration data, and picking up horizon data of a stratum according to the time migration data; carrying out time migration before the reverse folding on the horizon data through zero offset distance to obtain a horizon reverse migration data body; performing prestack depth migration on the horizon reverse migration data volume to obtain migration horizon data; obtaining theoretical depth domain horizons of corresponding stratums through logging layering and/or tectonic graph data; updating the layer speed of the corresponding stratum according to the depth difference between the offset layer data and the theoretical depth domain layer; and constructing and obtaining an initial layer velocity model through the layer velocity after stratum updating.
In the above initial layer velocity modeling method, preferably, picking horizon data of the formation from the time offset data includes: the time migration data is pre-stack time migration data or post-stack time migration data; according to the time offset data, picking up horizon data of the stratum from shallow to deep; and taking the offset floating surface with the pre-stack depth offset or the post-stack depth offset as the initial horizon of the shallowest layer, wherein the picked horizon is below the initial horizon.
In the above initial horizon velocity modeling method, preferably, performing time migration before eclipsing on the horizon data by a zero offset distance to obtain a horizon reverse migration data volume includes: taking the horizon data as input data of reverse migration, performing reverse pre-stack time migration after the cheap distance of the horizon data is assigned to be 0, and obtaining the speed for the pre-stack time migration; obtaining the speed of the prestack time migration from the speed used for the prestack time migration
In the above initial horizon velocity modeling method, preferably, the performing prestack depth migration on the horizon reverse migration data volume to obtain migration horizon data includes: obtaining the layer speed of the corresponding layer position by carrying out DIX formula conversion on the layer position reverse offset data volume; and obtaining offset horizon data according to the horizon speed.
In the above method for modeling initial interval velocity, preferably, obtaining the theoretical depth domain horizon of the corresponding formation from the well logging layering and/or formation map data includes: and obtaining theoretical depth domain horizons through logging layered interpolation and/or formation map data.
In the above initial layer velocity modeling method, preferably, the updating the layer velocity of the corresponding formation according to the depth difference between the offset horizon data and the theoretical depth domain horizon includes: the formation velocity of the formation is obtained by calculating the following formula: v2= v1 x h2/h1; in the above formula, v1 is the layer velocity in the offset layer data, v2 is the layer velocity of the stratum obtained by calculation, h1 is the height difference between the layer after depth offset and the layer adjacent to the stratum, and h2 is the height difference between the layer in the theoretical depth domain and the layer adjacent to the stratum; and the adjacent upper horizon of the horizon after the depth deviation and the adjacent upper horizon of the theoretical depth domain horizon are the same horizon.
In the above method for modeling initial interval velocity, preferably, the obtaining of the initial interval velocity model by constructing the interval velocity after the formation update includes: and taking the current theoretical depth domain horizon as an initial stratum, picking up the stratum below the current theoretical depth domain horizon, updating the stratum speed of each stratum repeatedly until the stratum speeds corresponding to all the stratums are updated, and obtaining an initial stratum speed model according to the stratum speeds after the stratum updating.
The invention also provides an initial layer velocity modeling device, which comprises a data acquisition module, an analysis module and a construction module; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring time migration data and picking up horizon data of a stratum according to the time migration data; performing time migration before the overlapping on the horizon data through a zero offset distance to obtain a horizon reverse migration data body; performing prestack depth migration on the horizon reverse migration data volume to obtain migration horizon data; the analysis module is used for obtaining theoretical depth domain horizons of corresponding stratums through logging layering and/or tectonic map data; the construction module is used for updating the layer speed of the corresponding stratum according to the depth difference between the offset layer data and the theoretical depth domain layer; and constructing and obtaining an initial layer velocity model through the layer velocity after stratum updating.
The invention also provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method when executing the computer program.
The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the above method.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that: the time domain horizon is reversely offset to obtain the travel time information of the simulated seismic data of the horizon, the depth offset of the horizon is performed on the reversely offset horizon to obtain the depth information of the horizon after the depth offset, at the moment, the theoretical target depth is obtained based on well data or construction diagram and other data, and the horizon velocity of the stratum is obtained through the difference between the theoretical target depth and the depth after the depth offset.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principle of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating a method for modeling an initial layer velocity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a flow chart of generating an anti-migration data volume according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an initial layer velocity modeling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating picking horizon data according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of picking up first-set horizon data according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating first set of anti-horizon offset data according to an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a horizon and a well layer after a depth offset of a first set of horizons according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a first set of horizon velocities according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a velocity model after completion of all horizon updating according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description will be given with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to explain how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and to achieve the technical effects. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
Additionally, the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and while a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than here.
Referring to fig. 1, the initial layer velocity modeling method provided by the present invention specifically includes: s101, time migration data are obtained, and horizon data of a stratum are picked up according to the time migration data; s102, performing time migration before the overlap on the horizon data through a zero offset distance to obtain a horizon reverse migration data body; s103, performing prestack depth migration on the horizon reverse migration data volume to obtain migration horizon data; s104, obtaining theoretical depth domain horizons of corresponding stratums through logging layering and/or tectonic graph data; s105, updating the layer speed of the corresponding stratum according to the depth difference between the offset layer data and the theoretical depth domain layer; s106, constructing and obtaining an initial layer velocity model through the layer velocity after stratum updating; therefore, the time-lapse information of the simulated seismic data of the horizon can be obtained by reversely offsetting the horizon of the time domain through the embodiment, the depth information of the horizon after depth offset can be obtained by performing depth offset on the reversely offset horizon, at the moment, the theoretical target depth is obtained based on well data or structural diagram and other data, and the horizon speed of the stratum is obtained through the difference between the theoretical target depth and the depth after depth offset.
In the above embodiment, the overall process of the initial layer velocity modeling method may be divided into the following contents in practical application: picking formation horizons on the pre-stack time migration data; performing time migration before the reverse folding on the picked horizon data according to a zero offset distance to obtain a horizon reverse migration data body; performing prestack depth migration on the horizon reverse migration data volume; forming theoretical depth domain horizons of corresponding stratums based on logging layering or tectonic graph data; updating the layer speed of the corresponding stratum according to the depth difference between the layer position after the prestack depth deviation and the layer position of the theoretical depth domain; and (5) picking up the next set of stratum, and repeating the steps until all the stratums are updated to obtain an initial stratum velocity model. Specifically, in the above embodiment, the step S101 of picking up horizon data of the formation according to the time offset data includes: the time migration data may be pre-stack time migration data or post-stack time migration data; according to the time offset data, picking up horizon data of the stratum from shallow to deep; and taking the offset floating surface with the pre-stack depth offset or the post-stack depth offset as an initial layer of the shallowest layer, wherein the picked layer is below the initial layer.
Referring to fig. 2, in the above embodiment, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of horizon data, where horizons of 5 earth strata including the earth surface and the underground are respectively represented by (1) - (5), taking the first earth strata as an example, fig. 6 is a first earth strata picked up separately, and in step S102, performing time offset before underlap on the horizon data by using zero offset distance to obtain a horizon anti-offset data volume (as shown in fig. 7) includes: s201, taking the horizon data as input data of reverse migration, assigning the cheap distance of the horizon data as 0, and then performing reverse pre-stack time migration to obtain the speed for the pre-stack time migration; s202 obtains the speed of the pre-stack time migration from the speed used for the pre-stack time migration.
In the above embodiment, performing prestack depth migration on the horizon reverse-migration data volume in step S103, and obtaining migration horizon data (as shown in fig. 8) includes: obtaining the layer speed of the corresponding layer position through DIX formula conversion on the layer position reverse offset data volume; and obtaining offset horizon data according to the horizon speed.
In the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, the obtaining the theoretical depth domain horizon of the corresponding formation through the well logging stratigraphic and/or structural map data in step S104 includes: and obtaining theoretical depth domain horizons through logging layered interpolation and/or tectonic map data.
In the above embodiment, the step S105 of updating the layer velocity of the corresponding formation according to the depth difference between the offset horizon data and the theoretical depth domain horizon includes: the stratum velocity of the stratum is obtained through the following formula: v2= v1 x h2/h1; in the above formula, v1 is the layer velocity in the offset layer position data, v2 is the layer velocity of the stratum obtained by calculation, h1 is the height difference between the layer position after depth offset and the layer position adjacent to the stratum, and h2 is the height difference between the layer position in the theoretical depth domain and the layer position adjacent to the stratum; and the adjacent upper horizon of the horizon after the depth deviation and the adjacent upper horizon of the theoretical depth domain horizon are the same horizon.
In the above embodiment, the obtaining of the initial layer velocity model (as shown in fig. 9) by the layer velocity construction after formation updating in step S106 includes: taking the current theoretical depth domain horizon as an initial stratum, picking up the stratum below the current theoretical depth domain horizon, and updating the stratum speed of each stratum repeatedly until the stratum speeds corresponding to all the stratums are updated, and then obtaining an initial stratum speed model according to the stratum speeds after the stratum updating (as shown in fig. 10).
Referring to fig. 3, the present invention further provides an initial layer velocity modeling apparatus, which includes a data acquisition module, an analysis module, and a construction module; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring time offset data and picking up horizon data of the stratum according to the time offset data; carrying out time migration before the reverse folding on the horizon data through zero offset distance to obtain a horizon reverse migration data body; performing prestack depth migration on the horizon reverse migration data volume to obtain migration horizon data; the analysis module is used for obtaining theoretical depth domain horizons of corresponding stratums through logging layering and/or tectonic graph data; the construction module is used for updating the layer speed of the corresponding stratum according to the depth difference between the offset horizon data and the theoretical depth domain layer; and constructing and obtaining an initial layer velocity model through the layer velocity after stratum updating.
The invention also provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method when executing the computer program.
The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing the above method.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows: the time domain horizon is reversely offset to obtain the travel time information of the simulated seismic data of the horizon, the depth offset of the horizon is performed on the reversely offset horizon to obtain the depth information of the horizon after the depth offset, at the moment, the theoretical target depth is obtained based on well data or construction diagram and other data, and the horizon velocity of the stratum is obtained through the difference between the theoretical target depth and the depth after the depth offset.
As shown in fig. 4, the electronic device 600 may further include: communication module 110, input unit 120, audio processing unit 130, display 160, power supply 170. It is noted that the electronic device 600 does not necessarily include all of the components shown in FIG. 4; furthermore, the electronic device 600 may also comprise components not shown in fig. 4, which may be referred to in the prior art.
As shown in fig. 4, the central processor 100, sometimes referred to as a controller or operational control, may include a microprocessor or other processor device and/or logic device, the central processor 100 receiving input and controlling the operation of the various components of the electronic device 600.
The memory 140 may be, for example, one or more of a buffer, a flash memory, a hard drive, a removable media, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, or other suitable devices. The information relating to the failure may be stored, and a program for executing the information may be stored. And the cpu 100 may execute the program stored in the memory 140 to realize information storage or processing, etc.
The input unit 120 provides input to the cpu 100. The input unit 120 is, for example, a key or a touch input device. The power supply 170 is used to provide power to the electronic device 600. The display 160 is used to display an object to be displayed, such as an image or a character. The display may be, for example, an LCD display, but is not limited thereto.
The memory 140 may be a solid state memory such as Read Only Memory (ROM), random Access Memory (RAM), a SIM card, or the like. There may also be a memory that holds information even when power is off, can be selectively erased, and is provided with more data, an example of which is sometimes referred to as an EPROM or the like. The memory 140 may also be some other type of device. Memory 140 includes buffer memory 141 (sometimes referred to as a buffer). The memory 140 may include an application/function storage section 142, and the application/function storage section 142 is used to store application programs and function programs or a flow for executing the operation of the electronic device 600 by the central processing unit 100.
The memory 140 may also include a data store 143, the data store 143 for storing data, such as contacts, digital data, pictures, sounds, and/or any other data used by the electronic device. The driver storage portion 144 of the memory 140 may include various drivers of the electronic device for a communication function and/or for performing other functions of the electronic device (e.g., a messaging application, a directory application, etc.).
The communication module 110 is a transmitter/receiver 110 that transmits and receives signals via an antenna 111. The communication module (transmitter/receiver) 110 is coupled to the central processor 100 to provide an input signal and receive an output signal, which may be the same as in the case of a conventional mobile communication terminal.
Based on different communication technologies, a plurality of communication modules 110, such as a cellular network module, a bluetooth module, and/or a wireless local area network module, etc., may be provided in the same electronic device. The communication module (transmitter/receiver) 110 is also coupled to a speaker 131 and a microphone 132 via an audio processor 130 to provide audio output via the speaker 131 and receive audio input from the microphone 132 to implement general telecommunications functions. Audio processor 130 may include any suitable buffers, decoders, amplifiers and so forth. In addition, an audio processor 130 is also coupled to the central processor 100, so that recording on the local can be enabled through a microphone 132, and so that sound stored on the local can be played through a speaker 131.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for initial layer velocity modeling, the method comprising:
obtaining time offset data, and picking horizon data of a stratum according to the time offset data;
performing time migration before the overlapping on the horizon data through a zero offset distance to obtain a horizon reverse migration data body;
performing prestack depth migration on the horizon reverse migration data volume to obtain migration horizon data;
obtaining theoretical depth domain horizons of corresponding stratums through logging layering and/or tectonic graph data;
updating the layer speed of the corresponding stratum according to the depth difference between the offset layer data and the theoretical depth domain layer;
and constructing and obtaining an initial layer velocity model through the layer velocity after stratum updating.
2. The method of initial interval velocity modeling according to claim 1, wherein picking horizon data for a formation from the time-shifted data comprises:
the time migration data is pre-stack time migration data or post-stack time migration data;
according to the time migration data, picking up horizon data of the stratum from shallow to deep; and taking the offset floating surface with the pre-stack depth offset or the post-stack depth offset as the initial horizon of the shallowest layer, wherein the picked horizon is below the initial horizon.
3. The method of modeling initial layer velocity of claim 1, wherein time shifting the layer data before the eclipsing by a zero offset distance to obtain a layer reverse shift data volume comprises:
taking the horizon data as input data of reverse migration, assigning the migration distance of the horizon data as 0, and then performing reverse pre-stack time migration to obtain the speed for the pre-stack time migration;
the speed of the pre-stack time migration is obtained from the speed used for the pre-stack time migration.
4. The method of initial interval velocity modeling according to claim 1, wherein performing prestack depth migration on said volume of horizon inverse migration data, obtaining migration horizon data comprises: obtaining the layer speed of the corresponding layer position by carrying out DIX formula conversion on the layer position reverse offset data volume; offset horizon data is obtained from the horizon velocities.
5. The method of modeling initial interval velocity of claim 1, wherein obtaining theoretical depth domain horizons for the corresponding formation from well log layering and/or formation map data comprises: and obtaining theoretical depth domain horizons through logging layered interpolation and/or formation map data.
6. The method of initial interval velocity modeling according to claim 1, wherein updating the interval velocities of the corresponding strata according to the depth difference between the offset horizon data and the theoretical depth domain horizons comprises:
the formation velocity of the formation is obtained by calculating the following formula:
v2＝v1*h2/h1；
in the above formula, v1 is the layer velocity in the offset layer position data, v2 is the layer velocity of the stratum obtained by calculation, h1 is the height difference between the layer position after depth offset and the layer position adjacent to the stratum, and h2 is the height difference between the layer position in the theoretical depth domain and the layer position adjacent to the stratum; and the adjacent upper horizon of the horizon after the depth deviation is the same as the adjacent upper horizon of the theoretical depth domain horizon.
7. The method of modeling initial layer velocity according to claim 1, wherein obtaining the initial layer velocity model through layer velocity construction after formation updating comprises: and taking the current theoretical depth domain horizon as an initial stratum, picking up the stratum below the current theoretical depth domain horizon, updating the stratum speed of each stratum repeatedly until the stratum speeds corresponding to all the stratums are updated, and obtaining an initial stratum speed model according to the stratum speeds after the stratum updating.
8. The initial layer velocity modeling device is characterized by comprising a data acquisition module, an analysis module and a construction module;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring time offset data and picking up horizon data of the stratum according to the time offset data; carrying out time migration before the reverse folding on the horizon data through zero offset distance to obtain a horizon reverse migration data body; performing prestack depth migration on the horizon reverse migration data volume to obtain migration horizon data;
the analysis module is used for obtaining theoretical depth domain horizons of corresponding stratums through logging layering and/or tectonic graph data;
the construction module is used for updating the layer speed of the corresponding stratum according to the depth difference between the offset horizon data and the theoretical depth domain layer; and constructing and obtaining an initial layer velocity model through the layer velocity after stratum updating.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
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| 速度建模技术在吉林探区复杂构造成像处理中的应用;邱敏 等;《中外能源》;20130315;第18卷(第03期);63-69 * |
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