CN109738945A - A method of structural map is directly generated using pre-stack depth migration achievement - Google Patents
A method of structural map is directly generated using pre-stack depth migration achievement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to seismic data interpretation fields, disclose a kind of method for directly generating structural map using pre-stack depth migration achievement, include the following steps, one, acquisition prestack trace gather data；Two, pre-stack time migration section is obtained, explanation is compared；Three, comprehensive initial velocity field is obtained, velocity depth model is established；Four, prestack trace gather data combination velocity depth model is subjected to pre-stack depth migration, obtain depth section, explanation is compared again, establish Depth Domain physical model, and pickup of residual velocity etc., iteration further is optimized to velocity depth model, judges whether imaging is satisfied with after successive ignition；Five, anisotropic parameters are analyzed, pre-stack depth migration section is obtained, obtain structural map using explanation results.The present invention is big for surface relief, abdomen construction is complicated, two flanks turn Thrust belt band and the complex geological structures region such as extremely develop, structural map error obtained is small, can preferably instruct to determine missile silo position target.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic data interpretation fields, in particular to a kind of utilization pre-stack depth migration achievement to directly generate structure
The method for making figure.
Background technique
Seismic prospecting is the difference using underground medium elasticity and density, by observing and analyzing the earth to artificial excitation
The property of subterranean strata and the geophysical exploration method of form are inferred in the response of seismic wave.Seismic prospecting is exploration stone before probing
The important means of oil and natural gas resource, is used widely.Seismic prospecting is of great significance to guidance probing.
Currently, seism processing generallys use process shown in Fig. 1:
One, first with original geologic information, predominantly source data obtains prestack trace gather data with shot gather data is superimposed,
Carry out horizontal superposition compacting interference wave；
Two, pre-stack time migration is carried out, obtains pre-stack time migration data, obtains pre-stack time migration section, is carried out pair
Than explaining, the tomography and layer position data of main control layer are obtained；
Three, pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity is converted into interval velocity through DIX formula, with the main control obtained before
Layer and layer position data combine, and establish velocity depth model；
Four, it by prestack trace gather data, solves wave equation and obtains common imaging gather CIG, pre-stack depth migration data, fluctuation
Equation are as follows:
Wherein,For diffraction item,For thin lens item, x is in rectangular coordinate system in space
Horizontal direction coordinate, z are spatial coordinates variable, and ω is the instantaneous frequency of angle, kxFor the wave number on the direction x, Q is continuation wave
, speed V0It (z) is reference levels direction velocity amplitude, V is horizontal direction velocity amplitude, and i is imaginary part unit.
Then depth section is obtained, judges whether imaging is satisfied with, if it is not, depth model of then regulating the speed, re-starts step
Rapid four, if so, it is spare to obtain pre-stack depth migration data；
Five, prestack depth data are carried out using in soil deeply by given speed field, obtain time-domain section；
Six, the interval velocity that time-domain section combines well logging, well logging, VSP to measure after comparative interpretation, is obtained through time and depth transfer
Structural map.
Above-mentioned process flow, it is smooth on stratum, relatively simple area is constructed, thin lens item interferes lesser region,
The structural map of acquisition being capable of preferable effect.But it is big for surface relief, abdomen construction is complicated, two flanks turn Thrust belt band
Very complex geological structures region, the structural map error obtained such as development is larger.
In addition, prestack depth data are carried out using in soil deeply by above-mentioned process flow given speed field, time numeric field data is generated,
Time-domain section is obtained, then on this basis, carries out time and depth transfer using the interval velocity of drilling well, final comparative interpretation generates construction
Figure.Although generating structural map in this way, pass through multiple rate conversion, human factor is larger, be easy to cause speed in plane
On distortion, i.e. depth error in plane is larger, up to rice up to a hundred.If referring to structural map drilling well, it is easy to miss oil
Gas storage layer then leads to the generation of disused well.
In summary, above-mentioned treating method it is big for surface relief, abdomen construction is complicated, two flanks turn Thrust belt band ten
Distribution, which is educated, waits complex geological structures region, and structural map error obtained is larger, up to rice up to a hundred.In the so big feelings of error
Under condition, if instructing drilling well according to the structural map that above-mentioned process flow diagram obtains, it is easy to miss hydrocarbon storage layer, generates huge
Loss.Drilling cost is high, and individual well is few then also several ten million, and loss is very huge.Therefore above-mentioned process flow obtains
Structural map, surface relief it is big, abdomen construction is complicated, two flanks turn Thrust belt band and the complex geological structures area such as extremely develop
Domain determines that missile silo position objectives guide meaning is poor for geological personnel, how to obtain the composition with more directive significance
Figure, has become urgent need.
Summary of the invention
Based on problem above, the present invention provides a kind of sides that structural map is directly generated using pre-stack depth migration achievement
Method.The present invention is big for surface relief, abdomen construction is complicated, two flanks turn Thrust belt band and the complex geological structures such as extremely develop
Region, structural map error obtained is small, can preferably instruct to determine missile silo position target.
In order to solve the above technical problems, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
A method of structural map being directly generated using pre-stack depth migration achievement, is included the following steps,
[1] prestack trace gather data are obtained with shot gather data is superimposed by source data；
[2] prestack trace gather data are subjected to pre-stack time migration, obtain pre-stack time migration data, it is inclined to obtain prestack time
Section is moved, explanation is compared, obtains control layer tomography and layer position data, establish initial solid model；
[3] layer that the interval velocity and drilling well for being converted to pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity through DIX formula measure
Speed, which combines, obtains comprehensive initial velocity field, the control layer layer data and layer that comprehensive initial velocity field and step [2] are obtained
Position data combine, and establish velocity depth model；
During establishing velocity depth model, the interval velocity being converted to through DIX formula is used in the prior art, this
Kind processing mode is goed deep into landing surface, can gradually generate biggish error.And it is replaced now in the application using comprehensive speed field
There is the interval velocity used in technology, the deeply well logging of acquisition, well logging and the VSP survey with drilling well is considered in comprehensive speed field
The interval velocity obtained so that velocity depth model is more accurate, and then makes to eliminate the error deeply generated with landing surface
The structural map that the method for the present invention obtains is obtained to be more nearly with actual formation construction.
[4] velocity depth model for obtaining the prestack trace gather data combination step [3] that step [1] obtains solves fluctuation side
Journey obtains pre-stack depth migration data, then obtains pre-stack depth migration section；Pre-stack depth migration section is compared again
It explains the pickup with residual velocity, and further establishes velocity depth model and iteration is optimized to velocity depth model, pass through
Judge whether the imaging of pre-stack depth migration section is satisfied with after successive ignition, if it is not, then re-establishing velocity depth model and again
Secondary this step of progress, if it is, it is spare to obtain pre-stack depth migration data；
In the prior art, by the velocity depth model obtained for the first time according to time migration profile comparative interpretation ratio extremely
Depth Domain, obtained result offset error are larger.Thus, the improved method of the present invention is to velocity depth model in Depth Domain
Again comparative interpretation pre-stack depth migration again also needs adjustment model to be folded again if migration result is misfitted with the model built
Preceding depth migration, such successive ignition, until migration result matches with the model built.
[5] anisotropic parameters are analyzed, it is folded that the pre-stack depth migration data that step [4] is finally obtained carry out anisotropy
Preceding depth migration obtains final pre-stack depth migration data, then obtains pre-stack depth migration section, cuts open to pre-stack depth migration
Face carries out fine correlation explanation, obtains structural map using explanation results.
In the step, after obtaining satisfied pre-stack depth migration data, no longer carry out multiple using in soil deeply and when turn deeply
It changes, but carries out anisotropy offset.Due to reducing the number that speed converts in treatment process, thus reduce data processing
The error of middle generation, so that the accuracy of the structural map of generation is improved, so that structural map is more nearly actual conditions.
Preferably, in step [1], the source data passes through pretreatment, the pretreatment packet with shot gather data is superimposed
Include one or more of static correction, dynamic correction, filtering, deconvolution, amplitude compensation, residual static correction and velocity analysis processing
Mode.
Preferably, in step [2], before carrying out pre-stack time migration to prestack trace gather data, first to prestack trace gather data
Horizontal superposition processing is carried out, the essential structure form on work area stratum is understood, to assist the comparison solution of pre-stack time migration section
It releases, establishes initial physical model.
Preferably, step [3] specifically comprises the following steps:
Time distance curve of reflection wave in the case of HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY is approximatively treated as hyperbola by [3-1], finds out seismic wave
The pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity propagated in HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY；
The calculation formula of the root mean sequare velocity of the n-th layer HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY are as follows:
[3-2] is converted by DIX the pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity that step [3-1] obtains being converted to each layer of water
The interval velocity section of flat layered medium；
The basic formula of the DIX conversion are as follows:
Interval velocity section fitting whole district's velocity variations trend that [3-3] is obtained using step [3-2], and measured in conjunction with drilling well
Interval velocity obtain comprehensive initial velocity field, the interval velocity that the drilling well measures is that drilled well inverse obtains by work area and adjacent area
The interval velocity of each control layer arrived；
The synthesis that [3-4] is obtained using the time and step [3-3] on the bed boundary top, bottom picked up in prestack trace gather data
The depth of initial velocity field computation bed boundary, to establish velocity depth model.
It is further preferred that step [3-2] carries out DIX conversion estimation interval velocity packet with pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity
Include following steps:
[3-2-1] in prestack trace gather data corresponding with bed boundary bottom, picks up stratum for each layer in model
The time on interface top, bottom, the time on obtained bed boundary top, bottom are used to replace the round trip zero in the basic formula of DIX conversion
The offset distance time；
[3-2-2] extracts the root mean sequare velocity on each stratum；
The root mean square that interface top, the time at bottom and the step [3-2-2] that [3-2-3] is obtained by step [3-2-1] obtain
Each layer of interval velocity is calculated with the basic formula that DIX is converted for speed.
Preferably, in step [4], the method for optimizing iteration to velocity depth model includes the following steps:
[4-1] carries out layer position, fault interpretation on pre-stack depth migration section, establishes physical model again；
[4-2] utilizes pre-stack depth migration section, according to the layer position that Depth Domain is explained, carries out along layer residual velocity analysis,
Residual velocity value is picked up, and the synthesis initial velocity field obtained in conjunction with step [3] generates new velocity field；
The new velocity field that [4-3] is obtained using step [4-1] obtained physical model and step [4-2], generates new
Velocity depth model carries out pre-stack depth migration to new velocity depth model again, obtains new pre-stack depth migration and cuts open
Face；
[4-4] is unsatisfied with if new pre-stack depth migration section is imaged, and need to further modify physical model and velocity field,
It then brings new pre-stack depth migration section into step [4-1] and step [4-2] repeats to establish velocity depth model.
Preferably, in step [4], judge that the satisfied rule of imaging need to meet for pre-stack depth migration section and want as follows
It asks:
One, the imaging of pre-stack depth migration section need to meet the geologic rule in work area；
Two, in terms of the imaging of pre-stack depth migration section is imaged on reflection wave resistance feature and contact relation compared with pre-stack time migration
There is improvement；
Three, the imaging of pre-stack depth migration section and the range that drilled well depth error need to allow in industrial production in work area
It is interior.
Preferably, in step [5], pre-stack depth migration data are carried out with the method packet of anisotropy pre-stack depth migration
Include following steps:
[5-1] obtains the well point positional shift in drilled well using the pre-stack depth migration data obtained in step [4]
The speed of speed and well point position inverse calculates anisotropic parameters δ and ε；
The calculation formula of ε are as follows:
Wherein α0For the speed of P wave vertical in seismic wave, αhFor the speed of P wave horizontal in seismic wave；
The calculation formula of δ are as follows:
Wherein α0For the speed of vertical P wave, νNMOFor the NMO velocity in horizontal reflection face in anisotropic medium；
[5-2] establishes velocity depth model using the pre-stack depth migration section that step [4] obtain, and step [5-1] is obtained
To anisotropic parameters δ and ε be fitted to foundation velocity depth model in, then with step [1] obtain pre stack data carry out
The processing of anisotropy pre-stack depth migration,
The formula of anisotropy migration before stack are as follows:
Wherein t is from focus to reflecting surface again to the dual-time of geophone station, t0For the round trip zero-offset time, x is big gun inspection
Offset distance, A2、A4It is coefficient with A:
It preferably, further include step [6] after step [5], the step [6] are as follows:
After step [5] obtains structural map, reliability demonstration is carried out to structural map, the reliability demonstration is confirmation prestack
Depth Domain trace gather, pre-stack depth migration section, model explanation layer position in trace gather data, comparative interpretation layer position are identical with structural map
The depth of position is consistent,
The modified comparative interpretation layer position of physical model is established in model explanation layer position in step [4],
Comparative interpretation layer position is from the final comparative interpretation layer position of step [5], for generating the layer position of structural map.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. the interval velocity being converted to through DIX formula is used in the prior art during establishing velocity depth model,
This processing mode is goed deep into landing surface, can gradually generate biggish error.And it is replaced in the application using comprehensive speed field
The interval velocity used in the prior art considers the deeply well logging, well logging and the VSP that obtain with drilling well in comprehensive speed field
The interval velocity measured, so that the error goed deep into landing surface and generated is eliminated, so that velocity depth model is more accurate, in turn
So that the structural map that the method for the present invention obtains is more nearly with actual formation construction.
2. with being obtained after pre-stack depth migration section compared with the scheme of direct imaging in the prior art, technical side of the invention
Case is iterated optimization to prestack depth section, and the pre-stack depth migration section image quality after optimization is more preferable, and is imaged more
Meet actual earth formation.
3. multiple using in soil deeply and time and depth transfer are no longer carried out after obtaining satisfied pre-stack depth migration data, but
Carry out anisotropy offset.Due to reducing the number that speed converts in treatment process, thus reduce Data processing generation
Error, so that the accuracy of the structural map of generation is improved, so that structural map is more nearly actual conditions.
In summary 3 points, the present invention is big for surface relief, abdomen construction is complicated, two flanks turn Thrust belt band very
The complex geological structures regions such as development, structural map error obtained is small, can preferably instruct to determine missile silo position target.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is existing processing flow schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is process flow of the present invention referring to schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is time-domain comparative interpretation.
Fig. 4 is time-domain comparative interpretation stereoscopic display.
Fig. 5 is the foundation of time-domain physical model.
Fig. 6 is pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity body (Vrms).
Fig. 7 is interval velocity body (root mean sequare velocity body is converted through DIX formula).
Fig. 8 is comprehensive speed body.
Fig. 9 be certain layer along layer root mean sequare velocity (left side), interval velocity (in) and comprehensive speed (right side) plane distribution compare.
Figure 10 is velocity depth model.
Figure 11 is Depth Domain comparative interpretation.
Figure 12 is Depth Domain physical model.
Figure 13 is the pickup of Depth Domain residual velocity.
Figure 14 is optimal speed depth model.
Figure 15 is anisotropic parameters analysis.
Figure 16 is Depth Domain comparative interpretation.
Figure 17 is to generate structural map (Lower Permian Series bottom circle's seismic reflection structural map).
Figure 18 is that pre-stack depth migration verifies (" five counterparts ").
Figure 19 is the old and new's achievement comparison (left: experienced fruit, the right side: new results).
Figure 20 be the comparison of the old and new's achievement (it is upper: experienced fruit, under: new results).
Specific embodiment
All features disclosed in this specification or disclosed all methods or in the process the step of, in addition to mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step other than, can combine in any way.
A method of structural map being directly generated using pre-stack depth migration achievement, is included the following steps,
[1] prestack trace gather data are obtained with shot gather data is superimposed by source data；
[2] prestack trace gather data are subjected to pre-stack time migration, obtain pre-stack time migration data, it is inclined to obtain prestack time
Section is moved, explanation is compared, obtains control layer tomography and layer position data, establish initial solid model；
[3] layer that the interval velocity and drilling well for being converted to pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity through DIX formula measure
Speed, which combines, obtains comprehensive initial velocity field, the control layer layer data and layer that comprehensive initial velocity field and step [2] are obtained
Position data combine, and establish velocity depth model；
[4] velocity depth model for obtaining the prestack trace gather data combination step [3] that step [1] obtains solves fluctuation side
Journey obtains pre-stack depth migration data, then obtains pre-stack depth migration section；Pre-stack depth migration section is compared again
It explains the pickup with residual velocity, and further establishes velocity depth model and iteration is optimized to velocity depth model, pass through
Judge whether the imaging of pre-stack depth migration section is satisfied with after successive ignition, if it is not, then re-establishing velocity depth model and again
Secondary this step of progress, if it is, it is spare to obtain pre-stack depth migration data；
[5] anisotropic parameters are analyzed, it is folded that the pre-stack depth migration data that step [4] is finally obtained carry out anisotropy
Preceding depth migration obtains final pre-stack depth migration data, then obtains pre-stack depth migration section, cuts open to pre-stack depth migration
Face carries out fine correlation explanation, obtains structural map using explanation results.
Preferably, the source data passes through pretreatment, the pretreatment with shot gather data is superimposed in step [1]
Including one or more of static correction, dynamic correction, filtering, deconvolution, amplitude compensation, residual static correction and velocity analysis place
Reason mode.The static correction is the correction of surface factor；It is described to be filtered into the frequency spectrum composition for changing original waveform function, it remains with
The frequency content for imitating wave, the frequency content for filtering interference wave protrude to be transformed to earthquake recording surface looks to reach
Wave is imitated, compacting interference wave improves the purpose of signal-to-noise ratio；The deconvolution is by basic earthquake in compression earthquake record
Wave suppresses reverberation and short-period multiples to improve temporal resolution and reproduces the reflection coefficient of subsurface formations；It is described
Amplitude compensation is recovery and holding processing to be carried out to the energy of signal, and guarantee improving the same of seismic data resolution as far as possible
When, improve signal-to-noise ratio and the fidelity of seismic data；The residual static correction be eliminate the earth's surface do not eliminated of field statics because
Element.
Preferably, in step [2], before carrying out pre-stack time migration to prestack trace gather data, first to prestack trace gather number
According to horizontal superposition processing is carried out, the essential structure form on work area stratum is understood, to assist the comparison of pre-stack time migration section
It explains, establishes initial physical model.
Preferably, step [3] specifically comprises the following steps:
Time distance curve of reflection wave in the case of HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY is approximatively treated as hyperbola by [3-1], finds out seismic wave
The pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity propagated in HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY；
The calculation formula of the root mean sequare velocity of the n-th layer HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY are as follows:
Wherein, VRFor root mean sequare velocity；ViFor square of the vertical travelling speed of one way；tiFor one way vertical hourage；
[3-2] is converted by DIX the pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity that step [3-1] obtains being converted to each layer of water
The interval velocity section of flat layered medium；
The basic formula of the DIX conversion are as follows:
Wherein；VneThe formation velocity limited for (n-1) a bed boundary above and following n-th of bed boundary.τnWith
τn-1For round trip zero-offset time, VnAnd Vn-1For corresponding root mean sequare velocity.
As known n-th layer, the root mean sequare velocity of (n-1) layer and this two layers τnAnd τn-1When for round trip zero-offset
Between, so that it may the interval velocity of n-th layer is calculated using DIX formula.Above-mentioned DIX transfer equation be built upon bed boundary be it is flat and
For estimating root mean sequare velocity VnAnd Vn-1Offset distance range correspond to minispread.In addition, it should be noted that used in equation
Root speed is the hypothesis based on direct rays；In this way, DIX conversion does not consider the bending of a ray in bed boundary.
Interval velocity section fitting whole district's velocity variations trend that [3-3] is obtained using step [3-2], and measured in conjunction with drilling well
Interval velocity obtain comprehensive initial velocity field, the interval velocity that the drilling well measures is that drilled well inverse obtains by work area and adjacent area
The interval velocity of each control layer arrived；
The synthesis that [3-4] is obtained using the time and step [3-3] on the bed boundary top, bottom picked up in prestack trace gather data
The depth of initial velocity field computation bed boundary, to establish velocity depth model.
In step [3-4], if the time comes from unmigrated stacked section, Depth Inverse is carried out with perpendicular ray；If
Input time comes from a migration stack section, carries out Depth Inverse with imaging ray.The stacked section is in step [1]
In, to did it is dynamic and static correction and by geophone offset arrange common midpoint gather data, give one when window it is long, by one altogether in
So the power such as geophone offset carries out superposition in heart point trace gather.
Further preferably, step [3-2] carries out DIX conversion with pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity and estimates that interval velocity includes
Following steps:
[3-2-1] in prestack trace gather data corresponding with bed boundary bottom, picks up stratum for each layer in model
The time on interface top, bottom, the time on obtained bed boundary top, bottom are used to replace the round trip zero in the basic formula of DIX conversion
The offset distance time；
[3-2-2] extracts the root mean sequare velocity on each stratum；
The root mean square that interface top, the time at bottom and the step [3-2-2] that [3-2-3] is obtained by step [3-2-1] obtain
Each layer of interval velocity is calculated with the basic formula that DIX is converted for speed.
The interval velocity is the average speed that seismic wave is propagated in a certain layer in one group of HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY, i.e. earthquake
Wave pass perpendicularly through each layer of cap rock or more overall thickness and total the ratio between propagation time:
Or
Wherein VavIt is average speed；hiIt is the vertical thickness of n-th layer；ΔtiIt is the vertical hourage of n-th layer.
Preferably, in step [4], the wave equation are as follows:
Wherein,For diffraction item,For thin lens item, x is in rectangular coordinate system in space
Horizontal direction coordinate, z are depth direction coordinates, and ω is circular frequency, and z is spatial coordinates variable, and ω is the instantaneous frequency of angle, kx
For the wave number on the direction x, Q is continuation wave field, speed V0It (z) is reference levels direction velocity amplitude, V is horizontal direction velocity amplitude, i
For imaginary part unit.
Preferably, the method for optimizing iteration to velocity depth model includes following step in step [4]
It is rapid:
[4-1] carries out layer position, fault interpretation on pre-stack depth migration section, establishes physical model again；
[4-2] utilizes pre-stack depth migration section, according to the layer position that Depth Domain is explained, carries out along layer residual velocity analysis,
Residual velocity value is picked up, and the synthesis initial velocity field obtained in conjunction with step [3] generates new velocity field；
The new velocity field that [4-3] is obtained using step [4-1] obtained physical model and step [4-2], generates new
Velocity depth model carries out pre-stack depth migration to new velocity depth model again, obtains new pre-stack depth migration and cuts open
Face；
[4-4] is unsatisfied with if new pre-stack depth migration section is imaged, and need to further modify physical model and velocity field,
It then brings new pre-stack depth migration section into step [4-1] and step [4-2] repeats to establish velocity depth model.
Preferably, judging that the satisfied rule of imaging need to meet for pre-stack depth migration section in step [4] and wanting as follows
It asks:
One, the imaging of pre-stack depth migration section need to meet the geologic rule in work area；
Two, in terms of the imaging of pre-stack depth migration section is imaged on reflection wave resistance feature, contact relation compared with pre-stack time migration
There is improvement；
Three, the imaging of pre-stack depth migration section and the range that drilled well depth error need to allow in industrial production in work area
It is interior.
Preferably, in step [5], to the method for pre-stack depth migration data progress anisotropy pre-stack depth migration
Include the following steps:
[5-1] obtains the well point positional shift in drilled well using the pre-stack depth migration data obtained in step [4]
The speed of speed and well point position inverse calculates anisotropic parameters δ and ε；
To anisotropic discussion, in P wave is propagated in anisotropic rock, p wave interval velocity depends on each major limitation
Anisotropy parameter δ and ε, rather than parameter γ.In fact, SV wave velocity is also only dependent upon δ and ε, and SH wave velocity is only dependent upon
γ。
P wave phase speed are as follows:
(α θ)=α0(1+δsin2θ+εsin4θ)
Vertical incidence, θ=0 degree above equation provide vertical p wave interval velocity α0,
Glancing incidence, θ=90 degree are obtained by above equation:
αh=α0(1+ε)
ε is solved, can be obtained:
Parameter ε shows the degree of rock anisotropy, can be used as between vertical p wave interval velocity and horizontal p wave interval velocity α h
Part variation.Because attention level p wave interval velocity is greater than vertical p wave interval velocity for most of rock ε > 0.
The NMO velocity ν in horizontal reflection face in anisotropic mediumNMO(φ=0, φ are inclination angle), by Thomsen
(1986) it provides:
In the special case of δ=0, moveout velocity is identical as the speed of isotropic medium.
NMO velocity νNMOVelocity analysis is carried out for eliminating geophone offset variation institute in different superposition roads by step [1]
Caused by the travel-time difference of back wave carry out dynamic correction and obtain.
[5-2] establishes velocity depth model using the pre-stack depth migration section that step [4] obtain, and step [5-1] is obtained
To anisotropic parameters δ and ε be fitted to foundation velocity depth model in, then with step [1] obtain pre stack data carry out
The processing of anisotropy pre-stack depth migration,
The formula of anisotropy migration before stack is the P wave travel-time equation in horizontal reflection face, by Tsvankin and Thomsen
(1994) it provides:
Wherein t is from focus to reflecting surface again to the dual-time of geophone station, t0For the round trip zero-offset time, x is big gun inspection
Offset distance, A2、A4It is coefficient with A:
In order to compare, the travel-time equation in horizontal reflection face and following side in isotropic medium are write out with general meeting
Cheng Jinhang analysis:
Isotropic velocity analysis, we only need to scan a parameter, i.e. speed.With the P wave trip in horizontal reflection face
Equation carries out anisotropic velocity analysis when row.
Preferably, further include step [6] after step [5], the step [6] are as follows:
After step [5] obtains structural map, reliability demonstration is carried out to structural map, i.e., " five counterparts " is verified, described reliable
Property be verified as confirmation prestack trace gather data in Depth Domain trace gather, pre-stack depth migration section, model explanation layer position, comparative interpretation
Layer position is consistent with the depth of structural map same position,
The modified comparative interpretation layer position of physical model is established in model explanation layer position in step [4],
Comparative interpretation layer position is from the final comparative interpretation layer position of step [5], for generating the layer position of structural map.
The present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.Embodiments of the present invention include but is not limited to following reality
Apply example.
Embodiment 1:
It is big with certain surface relief, abdomen construction is complicated, two flanks turn Thrust belt band and the complex geological structures such as extremely develop
For region, Fig. 3 is time-domain comparative interpretation, and Fig. 4 is time-domain comparative interpretation stereoscopic display；Fig. 5 is time-domain physical model
Foundation, Fig. 6 be pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity body (Vrms), Fig. 7 be root mean sequare velocity body be converted to through DIX formula
Interval velocity body, Fig. 8 is on the basis of interval velocity body, and the interval velocity that reference well logging, well logging, VSP are measured adds after being corrected
Enter the comprehensive speed body that physical model obtains, Fig. 9 be certain layer along layer root mean sequare velocity (left side), interval velocity (in) and comprehensive speed
The plane distribution comparison diagram on (right side), Figure 10 be using time-domain physical model and comprehensive speed body ratio to Depth Domain, foundation
Initial velocity depth model, Figure 11 are the pre-stack depth migration Profile Correlation solution for solving the data volume obtained after wave equation and carrying out
It releases, Figure 12 is Depth Domain physical model, and Figure 13 is the pickup of Depth Domain residual velocity, and Figure 14 is speed depth mould after iteration optimization
Type, Figure 15 are that the anisotropic parameters for combining the anisotropy data volume calculated to carry out by well data and seismic data are analyzed,
The anisotropic parameters section of calculating shows that the Depth Domain that the finally obtained pre-stack depth migration section of Figure 16 carries out compares solution
It releases, Figure 17 is the Lower Permian Series bottom circle's seismic reflection structural map (Lower Permian Series bottom circle's seismic reflection structural map) ultimately generated, figure
18 verify for " five counterparts " of pre-stack depth migration.
Figure 19 is the old result map of the pre-stack depth migration section imaging obtained using conventional method and utilizes the application's
The comparison of the new results figure for the pre-stack depth migration section imaging that method obtains.From comparison diagram as it can be seen that new results section is at image quality
Amount is substantially better than experienced fruit, and the offset achievement of new results and the real dip information that bores are more identical, occur under complex situations in the well
(dip direction changes, stratum thickeies), experienced fruit can not instruct drilling well, and Party A adopts according to pre-stack depth migration section
Drop angle measure is taken, continues to bore downwards, finally creeps into 40m, successfully bore and meet target zone.
Embodiment 2
Figure 20 is the old result map and benefit of the pre-stack depth migration section imaging obtained using conventional method in another work area
With the comparison for the new results figure that the pre-stack depth migration section that the present processes obtain is imaged.The well according to old achievement data into
Row determine well, and from determining from well profile, intrinsic target position data is more continuous, has no complex situations appearance, but reality is drill-through
There are complex situations in Cheng Zhong, and there are larger differences with original design.It is obtained after carrying out pre-stack depth migration using the present processes
New results, have certain improvement from the more experienced fruit of section image quality, and the more experienced fruit of new results target zone high point position is westwards
About 500m is deviated, bottom hole location data poor continuity on depth migration section is data complicated band, is more kissed with real brill
It closes.Suggest Party A's sidetracking Carboniferous System according to new results, and the winged celestial being of simultaneous spy closes roe beach, finally successfully the winged celestial being of brill chance closes oolitic reservoir,
And test obtains gas.
It as above is the embodiment of the present invention.Design parameter in above-described embodiment and embodiment is merely to understand table
State the invention verification process of inventor, the scope of patent protection being not intended to limit the invention, scope of patent protection of the invention
Still it is subject to the claims, it is all to change with equivalent structure made by specification and accompanying drawing content of the invention, together
Reason should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method for directly generating structural map using pre-stack depth migration achievement, it is characterised in that: include the following steps,
[1] prestack trace gather data are obtained with shot gather data is superimposed by source data；
[2] prestack trace gather data are subjected to pre-stack time migration, obtain pre-stack time migration data, obtained pre-stack time migration and cut open
Face compares explanation, obtains control layer tomography and layer position data, establishes initial solid model；
[3] interval velocity that the interval velocity and drilling well for being converted to pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity through DIX formula measure
In conjunction with comprehensive initial velocity field is obtained, control layer layer data and layer digit that comprehensive initial velocity field and step [2] are obtained
According to combination, velocity depth model is established；
[4] velocity depth model for obtaining the prestack trace gather data combination step [3] that step [1] obtains, solution wave equation obtain
Pre-stack depth migration data are obtained, pre-stack depth migration section is then obtained；Explanation is compared to pre-stack depth migration section again
It with the pickup of residual velocity, and further establishes velocity depth model and iteration is optimized to velocity depth model, through multiple
Judge after iteration pre-stack depth migration section imaging whether be satisfied with, if it is not, then re-establish velocity depth model and again into
This step of row, if it is, it is spare to obtain pre-stack depth migration data；
[5] anisotropic parameters are analyzed, it is deep that the pre-stack depth migration data that step [4] is finally obtained carry out anisotropy prestack
Degree offset, obtain final pre-stack depth migration data, then obtain pre-stack depth migration section, to pre-stack depth migration section into
Row fine correlation is explained, obtains structural map using explanation results.
2. a kind of method for directly generating structural map using pre-stack depth migration achievement according to claim 1, feature
Be: in step [1], the source data passes through pretreatment with shot gather data is superimposed, and the pretreatment includes static correction, moves
One or more of correction, filtering, deconvolution, amplitude compensation, residual static correction and velocity analysis processing mode.
3. a kind of method for directly generating structural map using pre-stack depth migration achievement according to claim 1, feature
It is, in step [2], before carrying out pre-stack time migration to prestack trace gather data, first prestack trace gather data is carried out horizontal folded
Add processing, understand the essential structure form on work area stratum, to assist the comparative interpretation of pre-stack time migration section, establishes initial
Physical model.
4. a kind of method for directly generating structural map using pre-stack depth migration achievement according to claim 1, feature
It is, step [3] specifically comprises the following steps:
Time distance curve of reflection wave in the case of HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY is approximatively treated as hyperbola by [3-1], finds out seismic wave in water
The pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity of flat propagation in stratified media；
The calculation formula of the root mean sequare velocity of the n-th layer HORIZONTAL LAYERED MEDIUM WITH HIGH ACCURACY are as follows:
[3-2] is converted by DIX the pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity that step [3-1] obtains being converted to each layer of level course
The interval velocity section of shape medium；
The basic formula of the DIX conversion are as follows:
Interval velocity section fitting whole district's velocity variations trend that [3-3] is obtained using step [3-2], and the layer measured in conjunction with drilling well
Speed obtains comprehensive initial velocity field, and by work area and adjacent area, drilled well inverse obtains the interval velocity that the drilling well measures
The interval velocity of each control layer；
[3-4] is initial using the synthesis that the time and step [3-3] on the bed boundary top, bottom picked up in prestack trace gather data obtain
The depth of speed field computation bed boundary, to establish velocity depth model.
5. a kind of method for directly generating structural map using pre-stack depth migration achievement according to claim 4, feature
Be, step [3-2] with pre-stack time migration root mean sequare velocity carry out DIX conversion estimation interval velocity the following steps are included:
[3-2-1] in prestack trace gather data corresponding with bed boundary bottom, picks up bed boundary for each layer in model
The time on top, bottom, the time on obtained bed boundary top, bottom are used to replace the round trip zero offset in the basic formula of DIX conversion
Away from the time；
[3-2-2] extracts the root mean sequare velocity on each stratum；
The root mean sequare velocity that interface top, the time at bottom and the step [3-2-2] that [3-2-3] is obtained by step [3-2-1] obtain,
Each layer of interval velocity is calculated with the basic formula that DIX is converted.
6. a kind of method for directly generating structural map using pre-stack depth migration achievement according to claim 1, feature
It is, in step [4], the method for optimizing iteration to velocity depth model includes the following steps:
[4-1] carries out layer position, fault interpretation on pre-stack depth migration section, establishes physical model again；
[4-2] utilizes pre-stack depth migration section, according to the layer position that Depth Domain is explained, pick up along layer residual velocity analysis
Residual velocity value, and the synthesis initial velocity field obtained in conjunction with step [3] generates new velocity field；
The new velocity field that [4-3] is obtained using step [4-1] obtained physical model and step [4-2], generates new speed
Depth model carries out pre-stack depth migration to new velocity depth model again, obtains new pre-stack depth migration section；
[4-4] is unsatisfied with if new pre-stack depth migration section is imaged, and need to further modify physical model and velocity field, then will
New pre-stack depth migration section brings step [4-1] into and step [4-2] repeats to establish velocity depth model.
7. a kind of method for directly generating structural map using pre-stack depth migration achievement according to claim 1 or 6, special
Sign is, in step [4], judges that the satisfied rule of imaging need to meet following requirement for pre-stack depth migration section:
One, the imaging of pre-stack depth migration section need to meet the geologic rule in work area；
Two, the imaging of pre-stack depth migration section has in terms of being imaged on reflection wave resistance feature and contact relation compared with pre-stack time migration and changes
It is kind；
Three, drilled well depth error need to be in the range of industrial production allows in the imaging of pre-stack depth migration section and work area.
8. a kind of method for directly generating structural map using pre-stack depth migration achievement according to claim 1, feature
It is, includes following step to the method that pre-stack depth migration data carry out anisotropy pre-stack depth migration in step [5]
It is rapid:
[5-1] obtains the well point positional shift speed in drilled well using the pre-stack depth migration data obtained in step [4],
And the speed of well point position inverse, calculate anisotropic parameters δ and ε；
The calculation formula of ε are as follows:
Wherein α0For the speed of P wave vertical in seismic wave, αhFor the speed of P wave horizontal in seismic wave；
The calculation formula of δ are as follows:
Wherein α0For the speed of vertical P wave, νNMOFor the NMO velocity in horizontal reflection face in anisotropic medium；
[5-2] establishes velocity depth model using the pre-stack depth migration section that step [4] obtain, and step [5-1] is obtained
Anisotropic parameters δ and ε are fitted in the velocity depth model of foundation, then with step [1] obtain pre stack data carry out it is each to
Anisotropic pre-stack depth migration processing,
The formula of anisotropy migration before stack are as follows:
Wherein t is from focus to reflecting surface again to the dual-time of geophone station, t0For the round trip zero-offset time, x is that big gun examines offset distance
From A2、A4It is coefficient with A:
9. a kind of method for directly generating structural map using pre-stack depth migration achievement according to claim 1, feature
It is, further includes step [6] after step [5], the step [6] are as follows:
After step [5] obtains structural map, reliability demonstration is carried out to structural map, the reliability demonstration is confirmation prestack trace gather
Depth Domain trace gather, pre-stack depth migration section, model explanation layer position, comparative interpretation layer position and structural map same position in data
Depth it is consistent,
The modified comparative interpretation layer position of physical model is established in model explanation layer position in step [4],
Comparative interpretation layer position is from the final comparative interpretation layer position of step [5], for generating the layer position of structural map.
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