A kind of light simplification fertilizer special for cotton being applicable to salt-soda soil and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of agricultural fertilizers, be specifically related to a kind of be applicable to salt-soda soil gently simplify fertilizer special for cotton
Material and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In the face of country is becoming tight cultivated land resource day, the new situations that grain security pressure increases, inquire into Cotton Gossypii and give way to grain
New way, promote Cotton Production to beach saline land shift, be Cotton Production development strategic choice, salt-soda soil is divided in China
Cloth is extensive, and according to investigations, China there are about salt-soda soil more than 9,900 ten thousand hm2, it is that saline-alkali soil is distributed one of more country, river in the world
North, Tianjin Bo Hai district regional saline and alkaline nonirrigated farmland nearly 530,000 hm of area2, also it is one of maximum area of Cotton Production development potentiality, pin
It is the effective way making full use of salt-soda soil that salt-soda soil is planted cotton, and general topsoil salinity all can plant cotton below 0.3%.
Alkaline land soil salinity is higher simultaneously, containing the soluble-salt of excess, causes soil liquid osmotic pressure to increase, thus
Causing plant generation physiology to do early, reduce Moisture Availability, be unfavorable for the growth promoter of crop, meanwhile, salt-soda soil also has
The universal feature of " content of organic matter is low, nitrogen stress, lean phosphorus, rich potassium ", the salinization of soil of soil make the nutrient consolidation in soil and
Precipitation, is difficult to utilization absorbed by crops, thus causes utilization rate of fertilizer low, affect the yield of crop.
Salt-soda soil is the land resource that China is valuable, is also DEVELOPMENT OF COTTON production, promotes the potentiality institute of Cotton Production ability
, for per unit area yield is low, put into the problems such as unreasonable, at systematic study alkaline land cotton present in the Cotton Production of current salt-soda soil
On the basis of growth regularity and soil salt and Nutrient, carry out the research and development of relevant dedicated fertilizer and have become as and carry
High output of cotton and improvement soil optimum selection.
Therefore, design a salt-soda soil utilization rate of fertilizer that can improve for overcoming the deficiency of above-mentioned technology, improve salt
A kind of light simplification fertilizer special for cotton being applicable to salt-soda soil of alkali ground soil fertility and preparation method thereof, inventor is wanted just
The problem solved.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide and a kind of be applicable to salt-soda soil light to simplify Cotton Gossypii special
Fertilizer and preparation method thereof, its reasonable mixture ratio, slow release effect is obvious, it is provided that man-to-man solution party a kind of to Cotton Gossypii salt-soda soil
Case.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of be applicable to salt-soda soil gently simplify fertilizer special for cotton, according to the mass fraction, the described preferred 20-of Nitrogen content
24%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide is preferably 11%-13%, the preferred 5-7% of potassium oxide content, the preferred 2-4% of activated humic acid content.
Nitrogenous fertilizer raw material used includes the one or more combination in carbamide, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, modified ammonium nitrate etc.;Institute
The one or more combination in an ammonium, diammonium, general calcium, triple superphosphate, APP etc. is included with phosphate fertilizer raw material;Potash fertilizer raw material bag used
Include the one or more combination in potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate etc.;Activated humic acid raw material used includes ammonium humate, corruption
One or more combination in sodium phytate, potassium humate;The reasonable carbamide of the preferred sexual valence of nitrogenous fertilizer raw material, ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate
One of which or several combinations;The combination of one or more in a phosphate fertilizer raw material preferably ammonium, general calcium, APP;Potash fertilizer
One in the preferred potassium chloride of raw material, potassium sulfate or a combination of both;The preferred potassium humate of activated humic acid raw material.
Wherein in phosphate fertilizer raw material, APP (APP) consumption is 30-80kg/ ton fertilizer, and APP used is agricultural poly-
Ammonium phosphate, phosphorus content 30%-37%, nitrogenous for 14%-16%, degree of polymerization 5-10.APP can provide slow release for crop
Type phosphorus nutrition, effectively improvement alkaline land soil fertility, simultaneously its can trace element in chelate fertilizer and soil, carry for crop
For more fully nutrient.
Preferred potassium humate in activated humic acid raw material, its activated humic acid is more than 60%.Potassium humate can improve soil
Physical environment, increases the soil organism, and the active group in potassium humate can trace element in complexation simultaneously.
A kind of light preparation method simplifying fertilizer special for cotton being applicable to salt-soda soil, preparation method step is as follows:
(1), utilizing static weighing scale to weigh nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and humic acid material by weight, input comminutor is at ammonia
With carry out ammoniation-granulation under the conditions of sulfuric acid reaction heat supply, dicyandiamide sprays into the form of water preparation simultaneously, produce N content 16-18%,
P2O5Content 14-16%, K2O content 7-9%, activated humic acid content 4-6%;
(2), carbamide and formaldehyde react according to special ratios, spray into step (1) comminutor, the fertiliser granulates of generation enters through drying
Do, cool down and sieve entrance surface processing routine;
(3), fertilizer go out comminutor drying, cool down, sieve, enter pack roller;Stirring is utilized in anticaking agent reactor
And cutter, by 15-20 part Polyethylene Glycol, 5-10 part stearic acid, 10-15 part dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, 15-30 part 18-amine.
40-60 part vegetable oil or mineral oil dissolve, prepares anti-caking oil preparation;Homemade anti-caking oil preparation and the anti-caking powder of outsourcing
Enter pack roller in proportion, carry out fertilizer anti-caking process;
(4), by step (3) gained fertilizer through belt scale metering with metering after coated carbamide mix homogeneously in blending equipment,
Obtain final fertilizer product, wherein step (3) gained fertilizer accounting 80-84%, coated carbamide accounting 16-20%.
(5), the fertilizer in step (4) becomes finished product through metering packing.
Described coated carbamide is degradable polyurethane coated carbamide, peplos rate 2-4%, 90-120 days slow-release period.Selection can be dropped
The polyurethane coated carbamide solved is prevented from the secondary pollution of coated fertilizer.
Described carbamide and the reaction of formaldehyde, its mol ratio is 2-4:1, and reaction condition is that pH4-5 reacts 30min, use ammonia
Gas and the pH of phosphoric acid,diluted regulation reaction system, the most single ton of fertilizer needs the carbamide of 10-30kg to react with formaldehyde, carbamide and formaldehyde
Carry out additive reaction in acid condition, generate carbamide and the ureaformaldehyde mixed material with certain viscosity, after entering comminutor
Being conducive to fertilizer granulating, its reactor is stainless steel.Reaction temperature 100-120 DEG C of described self-control anti-caking oil preparation, instead
Being 30-45min between Ying Shi, its reactor is carbon steel material.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) present invention is made up of the nitrogen of certain mass mark proportioning, five phosphorous oxide, potassium oxide, humic acids, and nitrogen comes from urine
One or several combination in element, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, nitrolim and MAP or Diammonium phosphate (DAP), preferably carbamide,
One or more of ammonium chloride, ammonia and ammonium sulfate and the combination of APP;Phosphorus pentoxide comes from MAP, phosphoric acid
One or several in diammonium, general calcium, triple superphosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate mix with APP, preferably phosphoric acid one ammonium or di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Ammonium mixes with APP;Potassium oxide comes from the one in potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium nitrate or several
Kind, provide a part of potassium, preferably potassium chloride or potassium sulfate including PA 800K;Humic acids is that powder-type potassium humate, corruption are planted
Acid sodium and the combination of one or more of ammonium humate, nutrient formula of the present invention is relatively reasonable, can improve part salt affected soil by
The soil compaction that and salinity height high in acid-base value causes, Soil structure is severe, tilth is poor, fertility is low, nutrient needed for cotton growth
The low problem of biological effectiveness.
(2) present invention does not contain only abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element, Cotton Gossypii all one's life required nutrient condition has been effectively ensured, also
Add a certain amount of potassium humate, it is important that potassium humate is a kind of efficiently organic potassic fertilizer, humic acids merit in potassium humate
Group can absorb storage potassium ion, prevent from outflowing with water in sandy soil and leaching soil, clayed soil can be prevented again potassium
Fixing, additionally some part of potassium humate is the low molecule humic acidss such as fulvic acid, to containing the mineral such as potassium silicate, potassium feldspar
There is corrosion, can slowly decompose increase Potassium release amount, improve the content of available potassium, improve than common potassium utilization rate
87%-95%, makes fertilizer efficiency increase, crop yield raising, quality improving, and it has combines the use of land with the nurturing of land;Long-acting with quick-acting coordinations;
The special efficacy of the aspects such as water conservation, fertilizer conservation effect are obvious, it combines the advantage of inorganic fertilizer and farm manure and is better than them, has
Well nutrients release adjusting function, is a kind of well Controlled Release Fertilizer, makes the nutrient early stage will not be too many, and later stage nutrient will not be too
Low, fertilizer curve is steadily, regulates and controls rate of release also by physics, chemical-biological technological means, it is achieved promote to release and slow release
Two-ways regulation.Make supply and the crop demand basic synchronization to nutrient of fertilizer Middle nutrition element, it is achieved dynamic equilibrium.Corruption is planted
Humic acids in acid potassium is a kind of biologically active agents, can improve Soil Available potassium content, reduces the loss of potassium and fixes, increasing
Add crop to the absorption of potassium and utilization rate, it may have improvement soil, promote plant growth, improve crop anti-adversity ability, improve and make
Article matter, protecting agriculture ecological environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the fertilizer special for cotton preparation technology flow chart being applicable to salt-soda soil use of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
. embodiment 1:
A kind of be applicable to salt-soda soil gently simplify fertilizer special for cotton, concrete formula is as follows:
Material name | Active constituent content (%) | Consumption kg/t |
Carbamide | N:46 | 100.0 |
Ammonium chloride | N:25.5 | 120.0 |
MAP | N:11 P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>:44 | 325.0 |
APP | N:15 P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>:30 | 50.0 |
Potassium chloride | K<sub>2</sub>O:60 | 120.0 |
Ammonium sulfate | N:20.5 | 320.0 |
Synthesis ammonia | N:82 | 24.0 |
Sulphuric acid | 98% | 15.0 |
Potassium humate | K<sub>2</sub>O:8 | 60.0 |
Dicyandiamide | The addition of 5% | 45 |
Seeing Fig. 1, a kind of light simplification fertilizer special for cotton preparation method for material being applicable to salt-soda soil, concrete preparation method is as follows:
(1), utilizing static weighing scale to weigh nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and humic acid material by weight, input comminutor is at ammonia
With carry out ammoniation-granulation under the conditions of sulfuric acid reaction heat supply, dicyandiamide sprays into the form of water preparation simultaneously, produce N content 17%, P2O5
Content 15%, K2O content 9%, activated humic acid content 6%;
(2), carbamide and formaldehyde react according to 2.5:1 ratio, spray into step (1) comminutor, the fertiliser granulates of generation enter through
Dry, cool down and sieve entrance surface processing routine;
(3), fertilizer go out comminutor drying, cool down, sieve, enter pack roller;Stirring is utilized in anticaking agent reactor
And cutter, by 15 parts of Polyethylene Glycol, 5 parts of stearic acid, 10 parts of dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, 18 parts of 18-amine. at 50 parts of vegetable oil
Or mineral oil dissolves, prepare anti-caking oil preparation;Homemade anti-caking oil preparation enters parcel in proportion with the anti-caking powder of outsourcing
Cylinder, carries out fertilizer anti-caking process;
(4), by step (3) gained fertilizer through belt scale metering with metering after coated carbamide mix homogeneously in blending equipment,
Obtain final fertilizer product, wherein step (3) gained fertilizer accounting 75-85%, coated carbamide accounting 15-24%.
(5), the fertilizer in step (4) becomes finished product through metering packing.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of be applicable to salt-soda soil gently simplify fertilizer special for cotton, concrete formula is as follows:
Material name | Active constituent content (%) | Consumption kg/t |
Carbamide | N:46 | 260.0 |
MAP | N:11 P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>:44 | 300.0 |
APP | N:15 P2O5:30 | 60.0 |
Potassium sulfate | K<sub>2</sub>O:50 | 160.0 |
Synthesis ammonia | N:82 | 25.0 |
Sulphuric acid | 98% | 18.0 |
Potassium humate | K2O:8 | 50.0 |
Dicyandiamide | The addition of 5% | 50 |
Seeing Fig. 1, a kind of light simplification fertilizer special for cotton preparation method for material being applicable to salt-soda soil, concrete preparation method is as follows:
(1), utilizing static weighing scale to weigh nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and humic acid material by weight, input comminutor is at ammonia
With carry out ammoniation-granulation under the conditions of sulfuric acid reaction heat supply, dicyandiamide sprays into the form of water preparation simultaneously, produce N content 18%, P2O5
Content 14%, K2O content 8%, activated humic acid content 5%,;
(2), carbamide and formaldehyde react according to 2:1 ratio, spray into step (1) comminutor, the fertiliser granulates of generation enters through drying
Do, cool down and sieve entrance surface processing routine;
(3), fertilizer go out comminutor drying, cool down, sieve, enter pack roller;Stirring is utilized in anticaking agent reactor
And cutter, by 16 parts of Polyethylene Glycol, 9 parts of stearic acid, 14 parts of dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, 25 parts of 18-amine. at 55 parts of vegetable oil
Or mineral oil dissolves, prepare anti-caking oil preparation;Homemade anti-caking oil preparation enters parcel in proportion with the anti-caking powder of outsourcing
Cylinder, carries out fertilizer anti-caking process;
(4), by step (3) gained fertilizer through belt scale metering with metering after coated carbamide mix homogeneously in blending equipment,
Obtain final fertilizer product, wherein step (3) gained fertilizer accounting 70-82%, coated carbamide accounting 15-20%.
(5), the fertilizer in step (4) becomes finished product through metering packing.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of light simplification fertilizer special for cotton application effect on cotton planting being applicable to salt-soda soil;
The Semen Maydis special efficient fertilizer of Example 1 preparation is tested.
1, test site: state farm, Haixing County, Cangzhou, Hebei
2, experimental field soil basic condition: be positioned at state farm, Haixing County, Cangzhou, Hebei for examination soil, select slight alkaline land total salt
Amount is 8.1 for 3.26g/kg, pH, conductance 579 μ S/cm.
3, EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:
Test arranges 3 process, is respectively as follows:
Process 1: blank, does not applies fertilizer;
Process 2: using the Common compound fertilizer of equal nutrient, every mu of 40Kg, topdress 20 Kg/ mus
Process 3: use the Cotton Gossypii special efficient fertilizer of the embodiment of the present invention 1 preparation, every mu of 40Kg.
Every processing area 2 mu.
5, experimental cultivar: Ji cotton 151
6, test method: on April 22nd, 2014 is arranged by process and disposably applies fertilizer, and sows.Field management measure is everywhere
Reason is consistent, and on November 2nd, 2014 gathers in the crops, and owing to part is remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing, still has the blue or green bell of 10%.
7, result of the test:
Table 1 shows, uses fertilizer of the present invention, and soil chemical properties can be improved, and does not applies fertilizer and uses conventional fertilizer
Process, reduce soil pH value, add the activity of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium, reduce soil total salt amount, increase simultaneously
Add soil organic matter content, effectively improve the soil fertility in salt-soda soil.
The table 1 impact on soil chemical properties
Table 2 shows, uses fertilizer of the present invention, and Yield Increase In Cotton effect is obvious, processes with not applying fertilizer and using conventional fertilizer, volume increase
7.6%。
Table 2 yield result analysis
Process | Plant height (cm) | Single basal munure | Single boll weight (g) | Ginning outturn (%) | Seed cotton yield (kg/667m<sup>2</sup>) | Volume increase (kg/667m<sup>2</sup>) | Rate of growth (%) | Volume increase (kg/667m<sup>2</sup>) | Rate of growth (%) |
Blank | 88.0b | 12.45 b | 6.20b | 38.6b | 216.3b | -- | -- | -- | -- |
Conventional compound fertilizer | 95.5ab | 13.28 b | 6.57b | 41.9a | 226.4b | 10.1 | 4.7 | -- | -- |
Fertilizer special for cotton | 103.9a | 17.11 a | 7.29a | 42.8a | 243.6a | 27.3 | 12.6 | 17.2 | 7.6% |