CN106077380A - Railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding - Google Patents
Railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding Download PDFInfo
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- CN106077380A CN106077380A CN201610363361.1A CN201610363361A CN106077380A CN 106077380 A CN106077380 A CN 106077380A CN 201610363361 A CN201610363361 A CN 201610363361A CN 106077380 A CN106077380 A CN 106077380A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/04—Shaping in the rough solely by forging or pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
- B21J5/025—Closed die forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/20—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass railroad requirements, e.g. buffers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding, solves the problem such as railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle forging and molding difficulty, process for machining and manufacturing complexity.The method of the present invention includes that material prepares, heating, precut blanks, blocking, block forging, waste heat hardening and tempering heat treatment, polish, the steps such as flaw detection, use block forging technology, hook bolt can be made to realize near-net-shape, energy-saving material-saving, outer contour shape and size are without carrying out machining, stock utilization is up to more than 92%, and whole forming process workpiece is in three-dimensional stress state all the time, product dense structure, high-strength tenacity and good fatigability, service life is long, solve the pore that existing casting hook bolt exists, shrinkage porosite, it is mingled with and the defect such as crackle, and existing forging hook bolt manufacturing process is complicated, the problems such as forming difficulty；Manufacturing process of the present invention is simple, stock utilization is high, be suitable for the production in enormous quantities manufacture of various model railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle products.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to complex parts plastic forming technology field, be specifically related to a kind of railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net
The method of forging molding.
Background technology
Coupler of railway car is to connect the critical component between railway locomotive and vehicle and vehicle, and hitch part is main
Parts are hook bolts, and therefore hook bolt is the crucial traction element of rail truck, and its serviceability is directly connected to the fortune of railroad train
Row safety and reliability.Along with China Railway constantly to developing with heavy duty direction at a high speed, the longitudinal impact force of train is drastically
Increasing, coupler knuckle for car coupler contact surface fretting wear is serious, and the performance of hook bolt is increasingly difficult to meet the requirement of modern railways transport,
Badly influence safety and the benefit of railway transportation.
At present hook bolt manufacture based on casting, the tissue defects that hook bolt is formed during casting such as pore,
Slag inclusion, shrinkage cavity, loose etc., these defects, under alternate stress effect, form crackle, cause directly fracture.Above-mentioned phenomenon makes
Often occurring during with, lose huge, the operation to rail truck constitutes a serious threat safely, and therefore forging hook bolt has become
For bullet train and the first-selected hook bolt of heavy-duty freight car.
Owing to the changes of section of hook bolt part is big, complex-shaped, difficult forming, there is the thin muscle being not easy forging, its forging
Difficulty is big, causes little producer to be capable of forging molding.
The manufacturing approach craft of forging hook bolt is complicated at present, need to be after heating for multiple times, die forging, trimming, and forging molding
Shape, the size of blank and finished parts differ greatly, it is necessary to the mode relying on machining is processed into the shape of hook bolt product
And size, the waste energy and material, manufacturing cost is high.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to solve forging hook bolt and manufacture the difficult problem such as difficulty, manufacturing process complexity, it is proposed that Yi Zhongtie
The method of road vehicle coupler hook bolt near net forging molding.The manufacture method using the present invention can be with the easiest process manufacture
Go out high-precision forging hook bolt blank, it is achieved the near net of forging hook bolt blank, quick, precise plastic molding.
Technical scheme is as follows:
Railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding, comprises the following steps:
A, material prepare: according to product type, the round steel band sawing machine of dimension is intercepted certain length；
B, heating: use 1500KW Intermediate Frequency Induction Heating Equipment by blank heating to 1150 DEG C ± 20 DEG C；
C, precut blanks: the blank after heating is placed on 800 tons of multiway forging equipment and carries out forging to, prefabricated hair more
Base；
D, blank blocking: precut blanks carries out block forging, in advance in the Preform Die on 2000 tons of multiway forging equipment
It is swaged into the blank of definite shape, size；
E, near net forging molding: the special multidirectional forging of hook bolt that the blank after blocking is placed on 6000 tons of multiway forging equipment
Block forging is carried out, it is achieved near-net-shape in modeling tool；
F, heat treatment: the blank after forging is used waste heat hardening and tempering heat treatment；
G, polish: use special numerical control processing machine that hook bolt pin-and-hole etc. is processed；
H, flaw detection: finished parts is carried out magnetic powder inspection.
Wherein, the base shape in step d and size are realized by multiway forging equipment and blocking blanking mold.
Further, in step e, the vertical direction of forging hook bolt special multiway forging equipment has master cylinder and upper and lower top
Go out three oil cylinders of cylinder；Horizontal direction has left and right molding and two oil cylinders of locking and ejects two oil cylinders totally four oil cylinders.
Further, in step e, multiway forging mould is forging hook bolt particular manufacturing craft；This mould uses level and hangs down
Directly mixing mould-dividing mode, mould is made up of upper and lower mould and left and right mould four part；The embedded active module of left and right mould, by embedded
Hydraulic oil cylinder driving, to realize the molding of forging hook bolt lightening grooves part.
Further, step e middle left and right mode division is not by two hydraulic oil cylinder driving matched moulds locks of horizontal direction in multiway forging equipment
Tightly.
Further, in step e, vertical direction lower mold is fixed, and upper mold is driven by the master cylinder of multiway forging equipment, inaccessible
Extrusion billet molding.
Further, in step e, the forging hook bolt workpiece after block forging molding is by upper and lower, liftout tank top, four, left and right
Go out.
The stepless time adjustment between 50～80mm/ seconds of master cylinder movement velocity；Drafts is become according to workpiece by multiway forging equipment
Type state automatically controls, it is ensured that workpiece rate of deformation in whole forming process is held essentially constant.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) formed precision is high, and outer contour shape and size realize near-net-shape, it is not necessary to machining operation, therefore both save
Raw material (save material more than 15%), saves again machining operations amount；
(2) compared with current forging method, reduce heating times and forging process, save the energy, improve and produce effect
Rate；
(3) multidirectional block forging near-net-shape technology, workpiece is in three-dimensional stress state in plastic history all the time,
Shaping workpiece dense structure of institute, metal streamline is reasonably distributed, and bearing strength increases substantially；Inside workpiece zero-fault, safety,
Reliability is guaranteed；
(4) simple due to forging molding process process, auxiliary equipment is few, and yield rate is high, easily realizes intelligent manufacturing；
(5) production efficiency improves more than 4 times compared with Forgingother method, and production cost reduces about 50%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the precut blanks schematic shapes of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the pre-forging structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the near-net-shape forging hook bolt rough forging structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the forging hook bolt finished product structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the near-net-shape block forging mould structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the drawings, the present invention will be further described.
As shown in figures 1 to 6, the railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding of the present invention, comprise the following steps:
Step (a), material prepare: according to product type, the round steel band sawing machine of dimension is intercepted certain length；
Step (b), heating: use 1500KW Intermediate Frequency Induction Heating Equipment by blank heating to 1150 DEG C ± 20 DEG C；
Step (c), precut blanks: the blank after heating is placed on 800 tons of multiway forging equipment carry out forging more to, in advance
Roughcast.
Step (d), blank blocking: precut blanks carries out inaccessible forging in the Preform Die on 2000 tons of multiway forging equipment
Make, be swaged into the blank of definite shape, size in advance；
Step (e), near net forging molding: the hook bolt being placed on 6000 tons of multiway forging equipment by the blank after blocking is special
Block forging is carried out, it is achieved near-net-shape in multiway forging mould.
Step (f), heat treatment: the blank after forging is used waste heat hardening and tempering heat treatment.
Step (g), polish: use special numerical control processing machine that hook bolt pin-and-hole etc. is processed.
Step (h), flaw detection: finished parts is carried out magnetic powder inspection.
In above-mentioned steps (c), precut blanks is to carry out on multiway forging equipment, and vertical direction is wrong with horizontal direction mould
Shi Yundong, makes blank after heating the precut blanks of certain altitude and thickness within the shortest time, removes blank surface simultaneously
Oxide skin.
In above-mentioned steps (d), precut blanks is positioned in the Preform Die of multiway forging equipment, and Preform Die is divided into
Under, left and right four part, upper and lower two parts mould by multiway forging equipment vertical direction hydraulic oil cylinder driving, left and right two parts mould by
Multiway forging equipment level direction hydraulic oil cylinder driving, the motion of each several part mould and move distance are by programme-control, each several part mould
After matched moulds, motion terminates, and precut blanks is swaged into definite shape and size in advance.
In above-mentioned steps (e), the near-net-shape of coupler knuckle for car coupler relies on multiway forging equipment and multiway forging mould to realize.Many
Mould-dividing mode is mixed with vertical to forging mold employing level.After blocking blank is placed in multiway forging mould, it first it is level
Blocking blank, by the horizontal direction hydraulic oil cylinder driving setting in motion of multiway forging equipment, is squeezed by left and right, direction two parts mould
Pressure, realizes mold-locked after the mould matched moulds of left and right；The part of the upper die of vertical direction mould is the most downward under the driving of master cylinder
Motion, when contacting with blank, master cylinder transfers microinching to, proceeds by block forging, and upper mold movement velocity is electrodeless
Adjustable and be controlled by program, whole forging process remains that workpiece rate of deformation is essentially identical；When master cylinder pressure reaches
After setting value, whole forging process terminates, and upper mold is quickly return, go up simultaneously charging cylinder action with keep workpiece not with upper mold to
Upper motion, left and right mould die sinking also returns, and then lower mold moves upward under the driving of lower liftout tank and ejects workpiece, completes near
Clean forging molding.
In above-mentioned steps (e), the embedded hydraulic cylinder of horizontal direction mould inside of multiway forging mould and active module, closing
In plug forging process, when upper mold is moved downwardly to certain position, programme-control automatically starts this embedded hydraulic cylinder, and promote
It is locally-shaped that active module realizes hook bolt workpiece lightening grooves part.While upper mold quick return, embedded hydraulic cylinder starts and starts
Backhaul, drives active module to return.After active module is return in situ, left and right mould die sinking is return.
In above-mentioned steps (f), waste heat after Workpiece shaping, is utilized to carry out Tempering and Quenching.After workpiece completes near net forging molding
Temperature survey is carried out, subsequently into soaking pit by automatic temperature measurement system.Soaking pit according to automatic temperature measurement system measured temperature with
Hardening heat compares, and automatically heats up workpiece or cooling processes.The workpiece time in soaking pit is by with stove automatic temperature measurement
System monitors in real time and automatically controls.
A specific embodiment according to the inventive method is given below.
In this embodiment, according to forging hook bolt model, prepare a diameter of150mm, the round bar of a length of 405mm, will
Round bar blank is heated to 1150 DEG C ± 20 DEG C, and the blank after heating is delivered to carry out on 800 tons of multiway forging equipment by mechanical hand
Precut blanks, removes blank surface oxide skin simultaneously, and Fig. 2 is precut blanks schematic shapes.Mechanical hand is again by precut blanks
Delivering in Preform Die, precut blanks is made the pre-forging of definite shape and size by multiway forging equipment, and Fig. 3 is pre-forging knot
Structure schematic diagram.Then coupler knuckle for car coupler is realized in blocking blank is gone to the multidirectional block forging mould of the near-net-shape shown in Fig. 6
Near net forging molding.Utilize the blank waste heat after molding, blank workpiece is carried out evenly heating process, the most automatically carries out quenched heat
Process.Fig. 4 is forging hook bolt blank structural representation after Tempering and Quenching, and Fig. 5 is forging hook bolt after machining and flaw detection
Finished product structure schematic diagram.
Above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are elaborated, but the present invention are not limited to above-described embodiment,
In the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art are possessed, the various changes made on the premise of without departing from present inventive concept
Change, patent covering scope of the present invention all should be belonged to.
Claims (6)
1. railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Step (a), material prepare；
Step (b), heating: by blank heating to 1150 DEG C ± 20 DEG C；
Step (c), precut blanks: the blank after heating is placed on 800 tons of multiway forging equipment and carries out forging to, prefabricated hair more
Base；
Step (d), blank blocking: precut blanks carries out block forging in the Preform Die on 2000 tons of multiway forging equipment；
Step (e), near net forging molding: the multiway forging mould that the blank after blocking is placed on 6000 tons of multiway forging equipment
Inside carry out block forging, it is achieved near-net-shape；
Step (f), heat treatment: the blank after forging is used waste heat hardening and tempering heat treatment；
Step (g), polish: use numerical control machine that hook bolt pin-and-hole is processed；
Step (h), flaw detection: finished parts is carried out magnetic powder inspection.
Railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (c)
In precut blanks be to carry out on multiway forging equipment, vertical direction and horizontal direction mould are staggered the time motion, base after heating
The precut blanks of certain altitude and thickness made by material, removes the oxide skin of blank surface simultaneously.
Railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (d)
In, precut blanks is positioned in the Preform Die of multiway forging equipment, and Preform Die is divided into upper and lower, left and right four part, upper and lower
Two parts mould is by multiway forging equipment vertical direction hydraulic oil cylinder driving, and left and right two parts mould is by multiway forging equipment level side
To hydraulic oil cylinder driving, the motion of each several part mould and move distance are by programme-control, and after each several part mould matched moulds, motion terminates, will be pre-
Roughcast is swaged into definite shape and size in advance.
Railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (e)
The near-net-shape of middle coupler knuckle for car coupler relies on multiway forging equipment and multiway forging mould to realize；
Multiway forging mould employing level mixes mould-dividing mode with vertical；After blocking blank is placed in multiway forging mould, first
It is horizontally oriented left and right two parts mould by the horizontal direction hydraulic oil cylinder driving setting in motion of multiway forging equipment, blocking blank is entered
Row extruding, realizes mold-locked after the mould matched moulds of left and right；The part of the upper die of vertical direction mould is quick under the driving of master cylinder
Moving downward, when contacting with blank, master cylinder transfers microinching to, proceeds by block forging, upper mold movement velocity
Electrodeless adjustable and be controlled by program, whole forging process remains that workpiece rate of deformation is identical；When master cylinder pressure reaches
After setting value, whole forging process terminates, and upper mold is quickly return, go up simultaneously charging cylinder action with keep workpiece not with upper mold to
Upper motion, left and right mould die sinking also returns, and then lower mold moves upward under the driving of lower liftout tank and ejects workpiece, completes near
Clean forging molding.
Railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (e)
The embedded hydraulic cylinder of horizontal direction mould inside of middle multiway forging mould and active module, during block forging, work as upper mold
When being moved downwardly to certain position, programme-control automatically start this embedded hydraulic cylinder, and promote active module to realize hook bolt work
Part lightening grooves part is locally-shaped；While upper mold quick return, embedded hydraulic cylinder starts and starts backhaul, drives active module to move back
Return；After active module is return in situ, left and right mould die sinking is return.
Railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (f)
In, utilize waste heat to carry out Tempering and Quenching after Workpiece shaping；Workpiece is entered by automatic temperature measurement system after completing near net forging molding
Trip temperature is measured, subsequently into soaking pit；Soaking pit compares with hardening heat according to automatic temperature measurement system measured temperature, to workpiece
Automatically carry out heating up or cooling process；The workpiece time in soaking pit carries out automatically by monitoring in real time with stove automatic temperature measurement system
Control.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106141069A (en) * | 2016-09-10 | 2016-11-23 | 吉林大学 | Railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding |
| CN106862477A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-06-20 | 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 | The forging method of hook bolt |
| CN109940122A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-28 | 吉林大学 | The split type axle box near-net-shape method of standard EMU |
| CN113276441A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-08-20 | 常州无疆新材料科技有限公司 | Compression molding process of composite material-titanium alloy integrated molding car coupler |
| CN115383029A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-25 | 中冶重工（唐山）有限公司 | Multidirectional die forging die for coupler knuckle forging of railway locomotive and forming process of multidirectional die forging die |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106141069A (en) * | 2016-09-10 | 2016-11-23 | 吉林大学 | Railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding |
| WO2018045752A1 (en) * | 2016-09-10 | 2018-03-15 | 吉林大学 | Near net shape forging and moulding method for railway vehicle coupler knuckle |
| CN106862477A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-06-20 | 中车齐齐哈尔车辆有限公司 | The forging method of hook bolt |
| CN109940122A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-28 | 吉林大学 | The split type axle box near-net-shape method of standard EMU |
| CN113276441A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-08-20 | 常州无疆新材料科技有限公司 | Compression molding process of composite material-titanium alloy integrated molding car coupler |
| CN115383029A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-25 | 中冶重工（唐山）有限公司 | Multidirectional die forging die for coupler knuckle forging of railway locomotive and forming process of multidirectional die forging die |
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| CN106077380B (en) | 2019-08-20 |
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