CN101559555A - Forging method of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle - Google Patents
Forging method of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN101559555A CN101559555A CNA2009101038876A CN200910103887A CN101559555A CN 101559555 A CN101559555 A CN 101559555A CN A2009101038876 A CNA2009101038876 A CN A2009101038876A CN 200910103887 A CN200910103887 A CN 200910103887A CN 101559555 A CN101559555 A CN 101559555A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forging method of a coupler knuckle for railway vehicles. The coupler knuckle for railway vehicles is formed by forging, and coupler knuckle products for railway vehicles with qualified performance and size are forged by the working procedures of material preparation, heating and blank forming, die forging and forming, trimming, heat treatment, preliminary processing, heat treatment, shot blasting, fault detecting and machining. The forging method of the coupler knuckle for railway vehicles, in which the coupler knuckle for railway vehicles has compact texture, high toughness and good fatigue performance, solves the defects of air pore, shrinkage porosity, inclusion, crack, short service life and the like of the coupler knuckle of the existing cast steel vehicle coupler.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the forging method of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle.
Technical background
Hitch is to be used for realizing that the company between locomotive and vehicle or vehicle and the vehicle hangs, transmitting tractive power and impulsive force, and make the vehicle part that keeps certain distance between the vehicle.Hitch is by gib head, and hook body, three parts of hook tail are formed, the thick part of hitch front end is called gib head, and hook tongue, coupler knuckle pin are housed in gib head, and lock is carried pin, and the hook tongue pushes away iron and coupler knuckle lock.The hitch rear portion is called the hook tail.In order to realize hook or decoupling device, vehicle is connected or separation, hitch has following three kinds of positions, just hitch three-state: the hook tongue of locked position---hitch is blocked the outwards position of turn-off by coupler knuckle lock, two coupling of vehicles together the time hitch just be in this position; Lockset position of coupler---be that coupler knuckle lock is raised,, during decoupling device,, just can the car that two companies hang over be together separated as long as one of them hitch is in lockset position of coupler as long as the hook tongue is subjected to the just outside position of turn-off of pulling force; Fully open position---be the hook tongue position of outside fully turn-off.Therefore, the car coupler knuckle is the important component part of hitch on the rolling stock.
Present 16 types, 17 type car coupler knuckles were E level steel casting hook tongue originally, along with finishing of railway construction in China heavy duty speed-raising, cast steel hook tongue is because of the intrinsic factor of casting technique, can't avoid having pore, shrinkage porosite, be mingled with, defective such as crackle, and the existence of these defectives constitutes potential potential safety hazard to rolling stock heavy duty high-speed cruising.And hitch was from design more than 100 year so far, shape is not done any change, only some adjustment had been done in the past from material trademark, but basic variation has taken place in the environment of vehicle operating, the speed of service reaches 120 kilometers, load-carrying generally reaches 70 tons, 10000 tons of regular general cargo tractive force of train, and Qun Dynasty's line goods train tractive force reaches 20000 tons.Design parameter originally also should change with the environmental change of operation.The lorry situation of operation is seen at present, mainly has the hitch fracture, problems such as hitch unhook.Therefore how addressing these problems has been very urgent thing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of forging method of organizing fine and closely woven, high-strength tenacity, coupler knuckle for railway vehicle that fatigue behaviour is good, solve existing cast steel hook hook tongue and have pore, shrinkage porosite, be mingled with and defective such as crackle, service life be short.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of forging method of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle is provided, and its main points are to comprise the following steps:
(1) gets the raw materials ready, obtain the blank of certain-length;
(2) the heating base through carry out open die forging after the blank heating that blanking obtains on the open die forging swage block, makes blank carry out preliminary deformation, obtains the blank of the approximate coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body of shape and size;
(3) die-forging forming is put into finish impression, the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body blank that whole finish-forging forming shape and size meet the requirements under the effect of forging die after the blank heating behind the base;
(4) cut edge unnecessary rim charge around cutting out with bead cutter;
(5) heat treatment is carried out normalized treatment to coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body blank;
(6) preliminary working, machined is removed the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body and is forged surplus and pattern draft;
(7) heat treatment is carried out modifier treatment to the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body after the preliminary working, and oil cooling is carried out in the back tempering of promptly quenching again;
(8) ball blast carries out Shot Blasting to the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body, removes the oxide skin on the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body;
(9) flaw detection, the crackle or the defective of detecting railway vehicle coupler knuckle body inside;
(10) machined goes out rolling stock by machined preface worker and need carry out mach place with the hole on the arcwall face on the car coupler knuckle, hook tongue hook and the hook tongue body and other.
Step (1) the described material of getting the raw materials ready is: 35CrMo, the weight that feeds intake 72kg, raw material are Φ 160 bars, and blank size Φ 160cm * 456cm.This 35CrMo has very high static strength, impact flexibility and higher fatigue limit, and quenching degree has high creep strength and creep rupture strength than the 40Cr height under the high temperature, and the long-term work temperature can reach 500 ℃.Select blank size Φ 160cm * 456cm, both can reach and be full of the waste that die cavity can reduce material simultaneously fully.
The heating-up temperature of step (2) heating base is no more than 950～1150 ℃, 850～1150 ℃ of forging ranges.
The heating-up temperature of step (3) die-forging forming is no more than 950～1150 ℃.
Step (5) heat treatment is normalized treatment, coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body blank is heated to Ac3 or more than the Accm 30～50 ℃, after insulation a period of time, takes out from stove in air or water spray, spraying or blowing cooling.
Step (7) heat treatment, hardening heat is 830～870 ℃, carries out oil cooling then, 500～650 ℃ of temperatures are carried out oil cooling again.
The coupler knuckle for railway vehicle complex structure, the matching requirements height, the product size tolerance is the highest ± and 1, pattern draft is not more than 1.2 °, and structurally, middle vestibule can not forge, and the weight of increase is little to the performance impact of hitch.Forge on 16 tons of hammers, no post rod mechanism, die cavity is dark, and pattern draft is increased to 7 °, and the employing machine adds the removal pattern draft, has the place of dimensional tolerance also to carry out machine and adds.Therefore malleability is good, can adopt whole die forging mode in forging process, carries out machined after the forging again, reaches required shape and size.
With No. 16 coupler knuckle for railway vehicle is example, and the mechanical property of the present invention and cast steel hook hook tongue is compared as follows:
Mechanical property after cast steel hook hook tongue is modified: tensile strength Rm 〉=830Mpa, yield strength Re 〉=690Mpa, percentage elongation A 〉=14%, mechanical property Z 〉=30%, impact absorbing energy Akv 〉=27J;
Mechanical property after the present invention is modified: tensile strength Rm 〉=980Mpa, yield strength Re 〉=835Mpa, percentage elongation A 〉=12%, mechanical property Z 〉=45%, impact absorbing energy Aku2 〉=63J.
On the surface, production cost of the present invention will be higher than the forging cost of cast steel hook hook tongue, mainly is created in following two aspects: 1, material aspect: cast steel hook tongue weight 38.5kg; Forged steel hook tongue is because middle vestibule can not forge, and product weight is 49kg, forge weight 62kg, the weight that feeds intake 72kg; 2, die cost: forged steel hook tongue forges on 16 tons of hammers, module size 920 * 920 * 470, weight 2 * 3150kg, material 5CrNiMo, the expense that therefore needs to drop into mould.But from performance and on the life-span: modified back mechanical property of the present invention is far superior to the mechanical property of cast steel hook hook tongue, mainly be because the present invention forges by the method for forging, pore, the shrinkage porosite that has avoided occurring in the casting, be mingled with and defective such as crackle, therefore long service life of the present invention has also reduced the danger that gets into an accident simultaneously widely.
Base of the present invention is convenient, the efficient height, and forging molding is easy, and the car coupler knuckle intensity that forges is good, and long service life is safe and reliable, is applicable to the production in enormous quantities of various model car coupler knuckles.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention;
The blank structure schematic diagram that Fig. 2 obtains for step of the present invention (2) base;
Fig. 3 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the present invention with the final gained coupler knuckle for railway vehicle of forging method;
Fig. 5 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 4.
The specific embodiment:
The processing step of the inventive method is described in detail in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1:
To shown in Figure 5, is example with No. 16 coupler knuckle for railway vehicle as Fig. 1, and this coupler knuckle for railway vehicle malleability is good, forged steel hook tongue need not queried on reliability, but it is impossible directly to forge product, adds if adopt to forge with machine, can produce qualified products.Therefore the heavy 62kg of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle must forge on the 16t hammer or on other large-scale forging equipment, and its forging step is:
(1) get the raw materials ready, obtain the blank of certain-length, the material that is adopted is: 35CrMo, the weight that feeds intake 72kg, raw material are Φ 160 bars, and blank size Φ 160cm * 456cm.
(2) heating base, after the blank heating that blanking obtains, on the open die forging swage block of 16t hammer, carry out open die forging, make blank carry out preliminary deformation, obtain the blank of the approximate coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body of shape and size, heating-up temperature is 1100 ℃, 1000 ℃ of forging ranges.
Because the knowledge of forging technology and the mechanism of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle are as can be known, blank will carry out preliminary deformation before forging, reasonably distribute blank, can be full of impression preferably to adapt to the requirement of forging sectional area and shape, to make to enter.Because the particularity of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle structure, promptly little bottom, top is big, realizes the change of blank shape behind the employing open die forging base, reduces a part of sectional area, increases the sectional area of another part, obtains the blank near calculating blank shape and size.
(3) die-forging forming, the blank behind the base are put into finish impression, the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body blank that whole finish-forging forming shape and size meet the requirements under the effect of forging die after being heated to temperature to 1100 ℃.
In this stage, the open die forging blank mainly is plasticity to take place flow in finish impression, the deformation drag of deformation process mainly is the resistance of deformation of blank self and the frictional force of die wall, and frictional force is compared smaller with the metal deformation drag, thereby can the blank in this stage be full of die cavity, thereby forge qualified product, the selection of Mould design and equipment hitting power and precision is all very crucial.
In this stage, put into finish impression after the blank heating, this blank is swaged into that top is head, the middle part is neck with the 16t hammer, the bottom is wide and be provided with the car coupler knuckle (as shown in Figure 5) of bending curve in the bottom than top.
(4) cut edge, unnecessary rim charge around cutting out with bead cutter bigger flexural deformation may occur after the forging demoulding, causes and can't cut edge, and only needs this moment at the other smoothing piece that adds of edger, and smoothing back side cut earlier can be dealt with problems.
(5) heat treatment, coupler knuckle for railway vehicle chaeta base is carried out normalized treatment, coupler knuckle for railway vehicle chaeta base is heated to Ac3 or more than the Accm 30～50 ℃, after insulation a period of time, from stove, takes out in air or water spray, spraying or blowing cooling.
(6) preliminary working, the pattern draft that the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body forges surplus and car coupler knuckle sweep is removed in machined.
(7) heat treatment is carried out modifier treatment to the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body after the preliminary working, tempering again after the modified i.e. quenching, and hardening heat is 850 ℃, carries out oil cooling then, 550 ℃ of temperatures are carried out oil cooling again.So can improve the mechanical performance of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle.
(8) ball blast carries out Shot Blasting to the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body, goes out oxide skin on the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body, intensive treatment is carried out on the forging surface, to obtain good physical property. improve the intensity and the corrosion resistance on surface.
(9) flaw detection is put into defectoscope with the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body and is detected, the crackle or the defective of detecting railway vehicle coupler knuckle body inside, and this operation can detect the defective of forging products, prevents substandard product fit on vehicle effectively.
(10) machined, coupler knuckle for railway vehicle is processed with Digit Control Machine Tool or other process equipment, gone out rolling stock by machined preface worker and need carry out mach place (as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5) with the hole on the arcwall face on the car coupler knuckle, hook tongue hook and the hook tongue body and other.
Embodiment 2:
Embodiments of the invention 2 are identical with embodiment 1, and difference is blank size Φ 160cm * 451cm in the step (1); Heating-up temperature is 1050 ℃ in the step (2), 850 ℃ of forging ranges; Heating-up temperature is 1050 ℃ in the step (3); The heat treatment of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body blank is that the normalized treatment temperature is above 30 ℃ of Ac3 or Accm in the step (5); Coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body blank heat treatment quenching and tempering is handled in the step (7), the back tempering of promptly quenching, and hardening heat is 830 ℃, 500 ℃ of temperatures.
Embodiment 3:
Embodiments of the invention 3 are identical with embodiment 1, and difference is blank size Φ 160cm * 461cm in the step (1); Heating-up temperature is 1150 ℃ in the step (2), 1150 ℃ of forging ranges; Heating-up temperature is 1150 ℃ in the step (3); The heat treatment of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body blank is that the normalized treatment temperature is above 50 ℃ of Ac3 or Accm in the step (5); Coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body blank heat treatment quenching and tempering is handled in the step (7), the back tempering of promptly quenching, and hardening heat is 870 ℃, 650 ℃ of temperatures.
No. 16 coupler knuckle for railway vehicle that forge by this method as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, its various performance indications can satisfy the instructions for use of rolling stock heavy duty speed-raising fully, compare with cast steel hook hook tongue, can there be pore, shrinkage porosite, be mingled with and the intrinsic mass defect of casting technique such as crackle, thereby long service life, safe and reliable.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of forging method of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) gets the raw materials ready, obtain the blank of certain-length;
(2) the heating base through carry out open die forging after the blank heating that blanking obtains on the open die forging swage block, makes blank carry out preliminary deformation, obtains the blank of the approximate coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body of shape and size;
(3) die-forging forming is put into finish impression, the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body blank that whole finish-forging forming shape and size meet the requirements under the effect of forging die after the blank heating behind the base;
(4) cut edge unnecessary rim charge around cutting out with bead cutter;
(5) heat treatment is carried out normalized treatment to coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body blank;
(6) preliminary working, machined is removed the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body and is forged surplus and pattern draft;
(7) heat treatment is carried out modifier treatment to the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body after the preliminary working, and oil cooling is carried out in the back tempering of promptly quenching again;
(8) ball blast carries out Shot Blasting to the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body, removes the oxide skin on the coupler knuckle for railway vehicle body;
(9) flaw detection, the crackle or the defective of detecting railway vehicle coupler knuckle body inside;
(10) machined goes out rolling stock by machined preface worker and need carry out mach place with the hole on the arcwall face on the car coupler knuckle, hook tongue hook and the hook tongue body and other.
2, the forging method of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step (1) the described material of getting the raw materials ready is: 35CrMo, the weight that feeds intake 72kg, raw material are Φ 160 bars, and blank size Φ 160cm * 456cm.
3, the forging method of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: 950～1150 ℃ of the heating-up temperatures of step (2) heating base, 850～1150 ℃ of forging ranges.
4, the forging method of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: 950～1150 ℃ of the heating-up temperatures of step (3) die-forging forming.
5, the forging method of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: step (5) heat treatment is normalized treatment, coupler knuckle for railway vehicle chaeta base is heated to Ac3 or more than the Accm 30～50 ℃, after insulation a period of time, from stove, take out in air or water spray, spraying or blowing cooling.
6, the forging method of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step (7) heat treatment, and hardening heat is 830～870 ℃, carries out oil cooling then, 500～650 ℃ of temperatures are carried out oil cooling again.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2009101038876A CN101559555A (en) | 2009-05-19 | 2009-05-19 | Forging method of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle |
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| CNA2009101038876A CN101559555A (en) | 2009-05-19 | 2009-05-19 | Forging method of coupler knuckle for railway vehicle |
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| CN101880837A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-11-10 | 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 | Method for preparing steel |
| CN102295012A (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2011-12-28 | 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 | Coupler knuckle and railway vehicle including same |
| CN102886645A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2013-01-23 | 昌利锻造有限公司 | Forging method of railway wagon buffer thrust cone |
| CN102974743A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-03-20 | 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 | Manufacturing method of coupler knuckle |
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| CN106077380A (en) * | 2016-05-21 | 2016-11-09 | 吉林大学 | Railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding |
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| CN101880837A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-11-10 | 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 | Method for preparing steel |
| CN102295012B (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2015-12-23 | 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 | A kind of hook tongue and comprise the railway vehicle of this hook tongue |
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| AU2011269509B2 (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2013-10-17 | CRRC Qiqihar Rolling Stock Co., Ltd | Coupler knuckle and railway vehicle including said couple knuckle |
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