CN106070291A - 一种抗菌组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种抗菌组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种抗菌组合物及其制备方法和应用。该抗菌组合物,含有如下成分:第一种成分为十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱,第二种成分为抗菌成分;所述抗菌成分为抗生素或化学杀菌剂;所述化学杀菌剂为阳离子表面活性剂、纳米银或壳寡糖中的一种或几种。使用本发明所述抗菌组合物,能够破坏生物膜的结构,在带有生物膜细菌感染的组织和手术器械上显示出极好的抗菌作用,使用方便、快捷。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于消毒技术领域,具体涉及一种抗菌组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
生物膜(bacterial biofilm)是具有机体构造的细菌菌落粘附在有生命或无生命物体表面,包裹在自分泌的含水聚合性基质(EPS)中,形成膜状的结构,这种细菌组织称为细菌生物膜,简称生物膜。
生物膜对医疗器械的影响:1、一旦生物膜在内镜腔道中形成,即使采用正确的洗消流程祛除也很困难。2、目前普遍认为生物膜形成是内镜清洗消毒失败的许多原因之一。3、当生物膜积累到一定厚度,消毒及灭菌因子均难以杀灭包裹于其中的细菌。
生物膜的临床危害:1、生物膜中的活细菌会导致感染;2、生物膜中的活或死细菌会导致炎症、肉芽肿、粘连。在临床实践中,由于疫苗和抗生素的运用以及各种社会措施的采用,由游离细菌引起的大部分感染性疾病已经能够较快的控制(多重耐药菌株除外),而由条件致病菌引起的感染则逐渐增多,尤其在因为各种原因引起的抵抗力下降和运用插入性医用装置的人群多见。这些感染常常与细菌形成生物膜有关。病原菌包括革兰氏阴性杆菌,革兰氏阳性--球菌以及念珠菌,表皮葡萄球菌,绿脓杆菌和肠球菌尤为多见。生物膜一旦形成,就对抗生素及机体免疫力有着天然的抵抗能力,用抗生素难以彻底清除,而只能杀死生物膜表面或血中导致感染发作的游离细菌。在机体抵抗力下降时,生物膜中存活的细菌又可以释放出来,重新引起感染。生物膜犹如一个菌巢,导致感染反复发作,迁延不愈,形成慢性感染。
研究表明,不同种类的细菌采用不同的技巧接近和吸附在物体表面,最终形成生物膜。成熟的生物模对抗菌剂及其它化学杀菌剂有着很强的抵抗力,一旦形成较难清除。由于抗生素不能通过生物膜,对皮肤表面和慢性伤口上形成的生物膜目前还没有找到合适的治疗方法。
由于插入性医疗器械表面形成生物膜几乎不可避免,为了防止生物膜的形成已成为一个迫切的问题。据文献报道60%的慢性伤口有生物膜细菌的感染,慢性皮肤创口通常有蜕皮、坏死组织和/或细菌生物膜。这些附着物难以除去,而且可能延误正常的创口愈合;手术器械也常常被带有生物膜的细菌感染。目前已知的方法是通过减少病人接触和感染致病菌和条件致病菌的机会,切断生物膜形成的细菌来源。
因此,使用一个具有高效杀菌活性的用于创口抗菌和手术器械消毒处理的组合物是非常重要的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种针对生物膜的抗菌组合物。
本发明的另一目的是提供所述抗菌组合物的制备方法、应用。
本发明的目的可以通过如下技术方案实现:
一种抗菌组合物,含有如下成分:第一种成分为十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱,第二种成分为抗菌成分;所述抗菌成分为抗生素或化学杀菌剂;所述化学杀菌剂为阳离子表面活性剂、纳米银或壳寡糖中的一种或几种。
所述抗生素选自头孢类、大环内酯类、氨基糖甙类、喹诺酮类或β-内酰胺类中的一种或几种;所述抗生素优选1、头孢拉定、头孢克洛、头孢克肟、头孢吡肟;2、红霉素,琥乙红霉素,麦迪霉素,或,交沙霉素,乙酰螺旋霉素;3、链霉素、庆大霉素、阿米卡星;4、氟哌酸、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、洛美沙星、培氟沙星、氟罗沙星、妥舒沙星、和司帕沙星、莫西沙星、克林沙星、吉米沙星;5、阿莫西林、美洛西林、阿洛西林、哌拉西林、羧苄青霉素、替卡西林、萘夫西林。所述化学杀菌试剂优选聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐、洗必泰(氯已定)苯扎氯铵、苯扎溴铵、次氯酸钠、
所述化学杀菌试剂选自聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐。
所述的抗菌组合物还包括第三种成分:凝胶基质;所述凝胶基质为纤维素或卡波姆。本发明所述的卡波姆选自以下型号941、934、940。
作为本发明的一种优选方式,所述抗菌组合物含有如下重量份的成分:十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.01~5份、抗菌成分0.01~20份、凝胶基质0~10份、水30~100份。
作为本发明的进一步优选方式,所述抗菌组合物含有如下重量份的成分:十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.01~3份、抗菌成分0.01~10份、凝胶基质0~5份、水30~100份。
作为本发明的更进一步优选方式,所述抗菌组合物含有如下重量份的成分:十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1份、抗菌成分0.1~0.2份、凝胶基质0或2.5份、水30~100份。
本发明所述的水可以选自纯净水、蒸馏水或去离子水。
本发明所述的抗菌组合物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述成分按照所述重量份混合后,摇匀;
(2)通过常规方法过滤、灌装、检验。
所述的抗菌组合物可用于医疗器械消毒、皮肤消毒、创口消毒、制备消毒剂或制备抗菌的药物、医疗器械;所述抗菌的药物优选用于皮肤、创面、器械表面的清洗。
根据需要,所述的抗菌组合物可以配成溶液剂,也可以配成凝胶剂、乳膏剂;可以单独使用也可以联合使用。
本发明所述的抗菌组合物建议如下适用范围和适用方法:
用于清洗、润湿和洁净以下情况:
1)急性创伤:创伤性伤口(如皮肤裂伤、咬伤、割伤或压伤),术后伤口;
2)慢性创伤:褥疮;静脉性溃疡;糖尿病溃疡;
3)热和化学伤:一、二度烧伤;化学性烧伤;
4)辐射伤;
5)瘘和脓肿;
6)泌尿导管、PEG/PEJ管和引流管的入口端;
7)周围皮肤;
8)用于术中探索性操作创口的清洗,如四肢严重损伤。
9)用于润湿绷带和创口敷料,如敷布、纱布、衬垫、海绵、水电纤维、海藻酸盐、凝胶和类似物,并湿润换药时坚硬的绷带或其他硬化的创口敷料。
1、一般用法:首先,创口应经常用所述抗菌组合物清洗,使涂层易于除去,再用所述抗菌组合物的创口凝胶进一步处理(可见单独的产品信息)。纱布或衬垫用所述抗菌组合物浸润,可用于清洁。频繁使用使所有的涂层和坏死组织易于除去,成为洁净的伤口。这使正常创口愈合、利于手术清创达到最佳视野的一个很好的先决条件。
2、清洗创口:使用所述抗菌组合物围绕整个创口部位进行大面积彻底清洁,尽量减少细菌感染创口的风险。如果需要,使用适当的所述抗菌组合物对患者全身进行清洁。对于覆盖面积大的创口和难以进入的创口,用所述抗菌组合物冲洗身体上的患处,至少15分钟。应使用未稀释的原液。慢性创口的患着对温度往往很敏感。使用前,所述抗菌组合物可加热至体温。
3、松开创口敷料和硬化的绷带:绷带经常硬化而且常常粘到创口表面。如果这些敷料从创口表面除去时不润湿,可能伤到创面床,又会延迟创口愈合。在包扎难以除去的情况下,用所述抗菌组合物润湿敷料,直到不会损坏创口表面时轻轻除去敷料。如果存在大的坚硬敷料,用所述抗菌组合物冲洗身体上敷料的整个区域,直到敷料可轻松移除。
有益效果
本发明组合物中,第一种成分与第二种成分发挥协同作用,使用本发明所述抗菌组合物能够破坏生物膜的结构,能够通过物理清洗破坏生物膜的结构并清除它,在带有生物膜细菌感染的组织和手术器械上显示出极好的抗菌作用,使用方便、快捷。
本发明能对临床有效治疗慢性难愈性创面提供帮助,为针对细菌生物膜杀毒提供一个新思路。
附图说明
图1显示表面张力图(A为聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐,B为十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱)。
图2显示对动物(猪)模型慢性伤口的疗效评估图。
注:本品(n=20);生理盐水(n=20)
图3显示在猪皮上用耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的感染模型进行效果研究图。
图4显示体外对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的清除效果比较图(A为聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐,B为十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱)。
具体实施方式
实施例1
取聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.1g,十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1g,氯化钠0.9g,用纯净水或蒸馏水加至100ml,搅拌均匀后过滤、灌装,检验,得创面清洗液。
实施例2
取聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.1g,十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1g,羟乙基纤维素2.8g,氯化钠0.9g,用纯净水或蒸馏水加至100ml,搅拌均匀后灌装,检验,得创面凝胶。
实施例3
取聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.1g,十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1g,卡波姆(940)2.8g,氯化钠0.9g,用纯净水或蒸馏水加至100ml,搅拌均匀后灌装,检验,得创面凝胶。
实施例4
取聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.1g,十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1g,头孢克肟0.1g,氯化钠0.9g,用纯净水或蒸馏水加至100ml,搅拌均匀后过滤、灌装,检验,得创面清洗液。
实施例5
取聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.1g,十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1g,头孢克肟0.1g,羟乙基纤维素2.8g,氯化钠0.9g,用纯净水或蒸馏水加至100ml,搅拌均匀后灌装,检验,得创面凝胶。
实施例6
取聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.1g,十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1g,头孢克肟0.1g,卡波姆(940)2.8g,氯化钠0.9g,用纯净水或蒸馏水加至100ml,搅拌均匀后灌装,检验,得创面凝胶。
实施例7
取十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1g,头孢克肟0.1g,氯化钠0.9g,用纯净水或蒸馏水加至100ml,搅拌均匀后过滤、灌装,检验,得创面清洗液。
实施例8
取十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1g,头孢克肟0.1g,羟乙基纤维素2.8g,氯化钠0.9g,用纯净水或蒸馏水加至100ml,搅拌均匀后灌装,检验,得创面凝胶。
实施例9
取十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1g,头孢克肟0.1g,卡波姆(940)2.8g,氯化钠0.9g,用纯净水或蒸馏水加至100ml,搅拌均匀后灌装,检验,得创面凝胶。
实施例10
取聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.1g,十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1g,头孢克肟0.1g,氯化钠0.9g,用纯净水或蒸馏水加至100ml,搅拌均匀后过滤、灌装,检验,得创面清洗液。
以实施例7和10为通式将0.1g头孢克肟更换成氧氟沙星0.1~15g等喹诺酮类抗菌素;和/或更换成罗红霉素、克拉霉素、阿奇霉素等大环内酯类的抗生素0.05~15g;和/或更换成氨基糖甙类抗生素庆大霉素等0.1~15g;和/或更换成青霉素类抗生素阿莫西林等0.05~15g。均能起到理想的消毒效果。
实施例11
取聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐0.1g,十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1g,头孢克肟0.1g,羟乙基纤维素2.8g,氯化钠0.9g,用纯净水或蒸馏水加至100ml,搅拌均匀后灌装,检验,得创面凝胶。
以实施例8和11为通式将0.1g头孢克肟更换成氧氟沙星0.1~15g等喹诺酮类抗菌素;和/或更换成罗红霉素、克拉霉素、阿奇霉素等大环内酯类的抗生素0.05~15g;和/或更换成氨基糖甙类抗生素庆大霉素等0.1~15g;和/或更换成青霉素类抗生素阿莫西林等0.05~15g。均能起到理想的消毒效果。
或在上述通式的基础上把羟乙基纤维素更换成其它的纤维素如:羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC)和/或甲基纤维素(MC)和/或羧甲基纤维素纳(CMC-Na)1~10g;或更换成卡波姆941、934、940等凝胶基质0.1~3.0g。均能起到理想的消毒效果。
效果实施例1
本次试验所用的样品:A为:聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐;B为:十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱;本品:0.1%A+0.1%B
(1)表面张力是测定去污能力的一个参数;本品的表面张力的大小,与本品的去污和清除生物膜能力的大小有关。本品中的A、B两个成分协同作用,增强本品对细菌膜和污物的清除力。表面张力的对比研究是通过表面张力测定仪(型号:A801S)来测得,测定温度为20℃。结果本品的表面张力最小,能有效地去除生物膜,如图1所示。
(2)大家公认,伤口床表面的pH值是最有用的非侵入性的一个生物物理参数。pH值是与在不同类型的慢性伤口的细菌负荷水平相互关联的。我们通过动物(猪)模型观察本品对慢性伤口的疗效。方法:在3~4个月龄小型猪背部脊柱中线旁开4cm处用直径16mm的切割器每侧钻出6个至深筋膜的圆形切口,创面间隔3cm.将创面随机分为三组,两组为带生物膜的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)感染组,于创面形成后30min接种MRSA菌液0.1ml(1×108CFU/cm2);另外一组为未接种MRSA的空白组。前两组分别在24小时用本品和0.1%浓度的头孢克肟处理,并于基线、1周、2周和4周观察结果,测定创面床表面的pH值。结果:pH测定情况如图2所示,MRSA感染后1周、2周、4周时分别测定pH,结果本品能有效地降低创面的pH值,控制了感染。
(3)在猪皮上用带生物膜的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的感染模型进行研究,分别在使用后48小时和72小时测定菌落数。具体方法:在3~4个月龄小型猪背部脊柱中线旁开4 cm处用直径16mm的切割器每侧钻出4个至深筋膜的圆形切口,创面间隔3cm。创面形成后30min接种MRSA菌液0.1ml(1×1.08×104CFU/cm2);24小时后创面分别用0.1%头孢克肟、林格氏液、生理盐水及本品处理。分别在感染后伤后48小时和72小时创面组织培养菌落数。结果如图3所示,本品能有效地控制了带生物膜的MRSA细菌生长。
按照该方法,检测了实施例1~11对带生物膜的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的效果,结果显示实施例1~11产品对带生物膜的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的生物膜有良好的破坏作用。
(4)体外对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的清除效果比较(使用从细菌细胞壁释放的内毒素来精确定量生物膜)。具体方法:将等量的带生物膜的铜绿假单胞菌置于含琼脂培养基的培养瓶中,共12瓶。每2个瓶中分别加入等体积的生理盐水、格林氏液、0.1%A、0.1%B及本品,于42℃培养24小时,用鲎试剂测定内毒素的含量,再将内毒素含量折算成生物膜的含量。结果如图4所示,本品清除生物膜的作用最强。
按照该方法,检测了实施例1~11在体外对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的清除效果,结果显示实施例1~11产品在体外对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜有理想的清除效果。
Claims (9)
1.一种抗菌组合物,其特征在于含有如下成分:第一种成分为十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱,第二种成分为抗菌成分;所述抗菌成分为抗生素或化学杀菌剂;所述化学杀菌剂为阳离子表面活性剂、纳米银或壳寡糖中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的抗菌组合物,其特征在于所述抗生素选自头孢类、大环内酯类、氨基糖甙类、喹诺酮类或β-内酰胺类中的一种或几种;所述化学杀菌试剂选自聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的抗菌组合物,其特征在于所述的抗菌组合物还包括第三种成分:凝胶基质;所述凝胶基质为纤维素或卡波姆。
4.根据权利要求3所述的抗菌组合物,其特征在于含有如下重量份的成分:十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.01~5份、抗菌成分0.01~20份、凝胶基质0~10份、水30~100份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的抗菌组合物,其特征在于含有如下重量份的成分:十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.01~3份、抗菌成分0.01~10份、凝胶基质0~5份、水30~100份。
6.根据权利要求5所述的抗菌组合物,其特征在于含有如下重量份的成分:十一碳烯酰胺丙基甜菜碱0.1份、抗菌成分0.1~0.2份、凝胶基质0或2.5份、水30~100份。
7.权利要求4~6任一项所述的抗菌组合物的制备方法,其特征在于所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述成分按照所述重量份混合后,摇匀;
(2)通过常规方法过滤、灌装、检验。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于所述制备方法还包括将所述抗菌组合物制备成凝胶剂、乳膏剂的步骤。
9.权利要求1所述的抗菌组合物的应用,其特征在于所述抗菌组合物用于医疗器械消毒、皮肤消毒、创口消毒、制备消毒剂或制备抗菌的药物。
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