CN106069675A - A kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate and cultural method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate and cultural method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106069675A CN106069675A CN201610470685.5A CN201610470685A CN106069675A CN 106069675 A CN106069675 A CN 106069675A CN 201610470685 A CN201610470685 A CN 201610470685A CN 106069675 A CN106069675 A CN 106069675A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of leaf vegetables soilless culture substrate and cultural method thereof, substrate composition is proper, low cost, there is suitable air porosity, water-holding capacity, total porosity big, the key elements such as unit weight is little, it is especially suitable for leaf vegetables botanical seedling culturing and cultivation, leaf vegetables substrate composition in the market can be solved numerous and diverse, the problems such as physicochemical property is poor, permeability is bad, water conservation fertilizer-preserving ability is weak.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant substrates, particularly to a kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate and cultivation side thereof
Method.
Background technology
Soilless culture, the method referring to carry out arable farming and nursery without natural soil by substrate etc., mainly apply
Produce at gourd, fruit and vegetable or flower plants and nursery stock, be the high yield and high quality advanced person cultivation technique of a fertile saving of labor again of water-saving province.Substrate
Cultivation is a kind of mode that in soilless culture, popularizing area is maximum.It is the substrate that the root system of crop is fixed on organic or inorganic
In, by drip irrigation or the method for trickle irrigation, supply crop alimentary liquid.Countries in the world great majority use gravel, sand, mud (careless) at present
Charcoal, Vermiculitum, perlite, rock wool, wood sawdust etc. are as fixing substrate.
Soilless culture substrate is to ensure that the key of seedling quality, and the substrate of high-quality can provide good ventilation ring for plant
Border, suitable water-holding capacity, and there is lightweight, conveniently transport, without qualities such as pest and disease damage, raw material economics environmental protection.Along with soilless culture
The popularization and application of technology, the demand of substrate is increasing, and the enterprise specializing in substrate production also arises at the historic moment, the kind of substrate
Class is more and more abundanter, gradually presents the development trend of sectionalization, customizations.At present, most widely used nothing in horticultural production
The soil nutritious soil of cultivation matrix, Vermiculitum, perlite, peat and water etc., temporarily generally acknowledge that ideal cultivation matrix is in the world
Peat, rock wool.But peat and rock wool one non-renewable resources, a large amount of exploitations are very serious to the destruction of environment, also can make
Become depletion of natural resources.Based on this, putting into the replacement substrate composition formula research and development of various environmental protection sustainability becomes natural trend, and
Judge whether the quality of a kind of substrate reaches the key element of growth and development of plants after being the proportioning of substrate, and these key elements are general
For acid-base value, electrical conductivity, water-holding capacity, air porosity, total porosity, unit weight.The predominantly unicity researched and developed in the market
Substrate and mixed-matrix, unicity substrate is difficult to meet the nutrient demand of seedling early growth phase, easily causes in nursery and cultivation
Cause during training that plant germination rate is low, difficulty of taking root, survival rate are low.If it is unstable to there is physical characteristic in addition in single-matrix
Fixed, the defects such as water absorption is poor, are destructive strike for plant seedling.Mixed-matrix be do as one likes matter, properity not
Same substrate mixed preparing forms, and the harmony in terms of moisture and fertilizer is better than unicity.But the substrate of mixed-matrix is former
The choosing of material, proportioning are different, affects the performance that mixed-matrix is overall, cause difference mixed-matrix to botanical seedling culturing and the effect of cultivation
Fruit is also not quite similar.Leaf vegetables substrate composition is numerous and diverse in the market, and physicochemical property is poor, permeability is bad, water conservation fertilizer-preserving ability
The problem such as weak.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for problem above, it is provided that a kind of leaf vegetables soilless culture substrate and cultural method, base
Plasmogamy ratio is proper, low cost, meets air porosity, water-holding capacity, total porosity greatly, and the key elements such as unit weight is little have physicochemical property
Well, the effect such as permeability is good, fertilizer-preserving ability is good, be especially suitable for leaf vegetables botanical seedling culturing and cultivation, and provide a kind of simple
The cultural method of leaf vegetables soilless substrate easy to learn.
Technical solution of the present invention selects coconut palm bran, wormcast, charring rice husk as matrix formulations raw material.Outside coconut palm bran Cortex cocois radicis
The agricultural by product that case fibre obtains after crushed, has the features such as compressible, water conservation, reusable edible.Wormcast is Lumbricus
Digestion of organic matter and the Excreta that produces, the features such as nutritional labeling is neat, and porosity is high, water-holding capacity is big, current price is wanted than coconut palm bran
Expensive.Charring rice husk is the Organic substance after the heated carbonization of rice husk, and unit weight is little, aeration good, water-retaining property is strong, rich in potassium element.Rice
Shell has the features such as good, the light weight of aeration.The equal environmental protection of above raw material, it is easy to get.
The technical scheme is that and be accomplished by:
A kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate, described base starting material includes following ratio by volume: 40%-52% India coconut palm
Bran, 22%-31% wormcast, 17%-38% carbonization rice husk；Described substrate acid-base value is 5.8-7.1, and electrical conductivity is 600-1300 μ s/
Cm, water-holding capacity is 40%-50%, and air porosity is 14%-16%, and total porosity is 60%-70%, and unit weight is 0.34-0.42 g/
cm3 。
Further, described base starting material includes following ratio by volume: 40% India's coconut palm bran, 30% wormcast, 30% carbonization
Rice husk.
Further, described base starting material includes following ratio by volume: 52% India's coconut palm bran, 31% wormcast, 17% carbonization
Rice husk.
Further, described base starting material includes following ratio by volume: 56% India's coconut palm bran, 26% wormcast, 18% carbonization
Rice husk.
Further, described base starting material includes following ratio by volume: 43% India's coconut palm bran, 28% wormcast, 29% carbonization
Rice husk.
Further, any one substrate above-mentioned, described substrate acid-base value is 5.8-6.1, and electrical conductivity is 1100-1230 μ s/
Cm, water-holding capacity is 45%-48%, and air porosity is 14.56%-15.32%, and total porosity is 61%-63%, unit weight is 0.37-
0.41g/ cm3。
Further, any one substrate above-mentioned, described India coconut palm bran particle diameter is 0.3-12.0mm, and wormcast particle diameter is 0-
2.6mm, carbonization rice husk is 0.7-6.0mm, and described carbonization rice husk rinses with tap water before using, and removes substantial amounts of potassium carbonate, subtracts
Little pH.
Invention additionally discloses a kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate culture method, include the following:
Substrate: any of the above one substrate；
Plant selection；
Growing nursery and culture material selection: seedlings nursing plate, pallet.
Cultural method: seed points is sowed in the substrate described in above-mentioned any one, 1, every cave seed；Uniform fold one
The Vermiculitum that layer is very thin, soaks filling mode and waters, and irrigation water is the tap water of pH=6.0.
Further, described seedlings nursing plate is 200 hole seedlings nursing plates, and described pallet is 540 × 280mm.
Further, described seedlings nursing plate is PS material.
Beneficial effects of the present invention, the defect for existing leaf vegetables substrate provides a kind of low cost, meets air
Porosity, water-holding capacity, total porosity are big, the key elements such as unit weight is little, have that physicochemical property is good, permeability is good, fertilizer-preserving ability is good
Etc. the substrate of effect and the cultural method of leaf vegetables soilless culture substrate easy to learn.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that Korea S's purple show Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae cotyledon expansion quantity under embodiment 1 with ordinary nutritional soil changes over curve
Figure；
Fig. 2 is that Korea S's purple show Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae cotyledon expansion quantity under embodiment 2 with ordinary nutritional soil changes over curve chart；
Fig. 3 is that Korea S's purple show Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae cotyledon expansion quantity under embodiment 3 with ordinary nutritional soil changes over curve chart；
Fig. 4 is that Korea S's purple show Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae cotyledon expansion quantity under embodiment 4 with ordinary nutritional soil changes over curve chart；
Fig. 5 is that four or nine Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis change over curve chart in embodiment 1 cotyledon expansion quantity under ordinary nutritional soil；
Fig. 6 is that four or nine Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis change over curve chart in embodiment 2 cotyledon expansion quantity under ordinary nutritional soil；
Fig. 7 is that four or nine Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis change over curve chart in embodiment 3 cotyledon expansion quantity under ordinary nutritional soil；
Fig. 8 is that four or nine Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis change over curve chart in embodiment 4 cotyledon expansion quantity under ordinary nutritional soil；
Fig. 9 Korea S purple show Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae is in the germination of different substrates；
Figure 10 tetra-or nine Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis is in the germination of different substrates.
Detailed description of the invention
Outside unless stated otherwise, all terms used herein have defined below.Outside unless stated otherwise, herein
All percents used are based on volume.Outside unless stated otherwise, term " comprises ", " having ", " including " and " containing " tool
There is open implication, i.e. " including but not limited to ".
The present invention describes with further reference to following example.Following example are merely to illustrate the present invention, and are not intended to
Limit.
Being a kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate and cultural method thereof in the embodiment of the present invention, described base starting material is pressed
Volume ratio includes following ratio: 40%-52% India coconut palm bran, 22%-31% wormcast, 17%-38% carbonization rice husk；Described substrate soda acid
Degree is 5.8-6.1, and electrical conductivity is 1100-1230 μ s/cm, and water-holding capacity is 45%-48%, and air porosity is 14.56%-
15.32%, total porosity is 61%-63%, and unit weight is 0.37-0.41g/ cm3。
Described India coconut palm bran particle diameter is 0.3-12.0mm, and wormcast particle diameter is 0-2.6mm, and carbonization rice husk particle diameter is 0.7-
6.0mm, described carbonization rice husk rinses with tap water before using, removes substantial amounts of potassium carbonate, reduce pH.
The raw material of the described leaf vegetables plant cultivation substrate in the embodiment of the present invention is chosen as follows:
India's coconut palm bran (diameter 0.3-12.0mm, market routine is purchased),
Wormcast (diameter 0-2.3mm, 0-2.6mm, market routine is purchased),
Charring rice husk (diameter 0.7-6.0mm, market routine is purchased),
Vermiculitum (diameter 2.0-5.0mm, market routine is purchased),
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of general Nutrition Soil cultivation parameter contrast, described general Nutrition Soil cultivation side
Method by described substrate cultural method implement.
The other materials instrument that the cultural method of substrate described in the embodiment of the present invention is chosen is as follows:
200 hole seedlings nursing plates (PS material), 540 × 280mm pallet.
Substrate culture method described in the embodiment of the present invention is chosen seeds:
Korea S's purple show Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae (market purchasing), four or nine Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis (market purchasing)；
The cultural method of substrate described in the embodiment of the present invention and plant growing test procedure:
(1) seed points is sowed in substrate, 1, every cave seed, amounts to often dish and sow 100；The trematodiasis of uniform fold thin layer
Stone, soaks filling mode and waters, and irrigation water is the tap water of pH=6.0.Every kind of proportioning substrate plants 3 dishes.
(2) start to record germination from the 3rd day, record germination percentage, a cotyledon expansion number and time, the 10th day knot every day
Shu Faya record, the 12nd day terminates cotyledon observed and recorded.It is positioned over outdoor balcony, temperature 15 ~ 25 DEG C, relative humidity 40 ~ 60%.
(3) substrate pH, EC inspection are in collection tray leakage in the 12nd day of counting of germinateing, and use Hana HI-9815 model
PH &EC measurement amount effusion pH, EC.
Embodiment 1
Described base starting material includes following ratio by volume: 40% India's coconut palm bran, 30% wormcast, 30% carbonization rice husk, described base
Matter acid-base value is 5.9, and electrical conductivity is 1200 μ s/cm, and water-holding capacity is 45%, and air porosity is 14.56%, and total porosity is 61%,
Unit weight is 0.38g/ cm33。
Implement in a manner described.
Embodiment 2
Described base starting material includes following ratio by volume: 52% India's coconut palm bran, 31% wormcast, 17% carbonization rice husk, described base
Matter acid-base value is 6.0, and electrical conductivity is 1230 μ s/cm, and water-holding capacity is 48%, and air porosity is 15.32%, and total porosity is 63%,
Unit weight is 0.41g/ cm3。
Implement in a manner described.
Embodiment 3
Described base starting material includes following ratio by volume: 56% India's coconut palm bran, 25% wormcast, 19% carbonization rice husk, described base
Matter acid-base value is 5.8, and electrical conductivity is 1100 μ s/cm, and water-holding capacity is 46%, and air porosity is 15%, and total porosity is 63%, holds
It is heavily 0.39 g/ cm3。
Implement in a manner described.
Embodiment 4
Described base starting material includes following ratio by volume: 43% India's coconut palm bran, 28% wormcast, 29% carbonization rice husk, described base
Matter acid-base value is 6.1, and electrical conductivity is 1200 μ s/cm, and water-holding capacity is 47%, and air porosity is 15.12%, and total porosity is 61%,
Unit weight is 0.37 g/ cm3 。
Implement in a manner described.
Ordinary nutritional soil embodiment
Described base starting material includes by volume: ordinary nutritional soil 100%
Implement by described cultural method.
Cotyledon is the organ carrying out assimilation for stored reserves or seedling period.Cotyledon the most early launches, and illustrates that seedling is more
Early enter and manufacture the vegetative phase.
It is described by Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Tu4Zhong Korea S purple show Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae cotyledon expansion scale experimental data variation can be seen that
Embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, the cotyledon in each stage of embodiment 4 launch a number and are better than ordinary nutritional soil；By scheming
5, in Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, four or nine Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis cotyledons can be seen that embodiment 1, implement 4 in each stage in launching test data change
Cotyledon launches a number and is better than ordinary nutritional soil, and embodiment 2, embodiment 3 are launched a number at last stage cotyledon and be better than ordinary nutritional
Soil, the later stage is more or less the same.
Germination percentage is the leading indicator differentiating germination regularity；Germinating energy refers to that the speed of germination of seed is with neat
Degree, expression way is seed to start within peak period of germinateing chitting piece from germinateing and accounts for the percentage ratio of test seed sum；Send out
Bud index is the highest, and seed is the most vibrant.Computing formula:
Germination percentage=(n/N) × 100%(n is the normal germination grain number being finally reached；N is for for planting experimentally subnumber)
Germinating energy=(n3/N) × 100%(n3 is the germination normal chitting piece number of the 3rd day；N is for for planting experimentally subnumber)
(Dt is the number of days counted day of sowing to germination index=∑ Gt/Dt；Gt is the normal germinative number of corresponding each day)
Data above uses SPSS16.0 to carry out one factor analysis of variance, uses Duncan method to carry out significance analysis.
By Tu9Zhong Korea S purple show Caulis et Folium Lactucae Sativae different substrates germination can described in find out embodiment 1, embodiment 2, real
Execute example 3, the germination of embodiment 4 is better than ordinary nutritional soil.By the germination feelings in different substrates of four or nine Brassica campestris L. ssp.chinensis in Figure 10
Condition can be seen that described embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4 are better than commonly because usually assessing germination from entirety
Nutrition Soil.
Finally illustrating, above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme and unrestricted, although with reference to relatively
The present invention has been described in detail by good embodiment, and those skilled in the art is it should be appreciated that can be to the technology of the present invention
Scheme is modified or equivalent, and without deviating from the purpose and scope of the invention, it all should contain the right in the present invention
In the middle of claimed range.
Claims (10)
1. a leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate, it is characterised in that described base starting material includes following ratio by volume:
40%-57% India coconut palm bran, 26%-40% wormcast, 17%-30% carbonization rice husk；Described substrate acid-base value is 5.8-7.1, electrical conductivity
Being 600-1300 μ s/cm, water-holding capacity is 40%-50%, and air porosity is 14%-16%, and total porosity is 60%-70%, and unit weight is
0.34-0.42 g/cm3 。
A kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described base starting material is pressed
Volume ratio includes following ratio: 40% India's coconut palm bran, 30% wormcast, 30% carbonization rice husk.
A kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described base starting material is pressed
Volume ratio includes following ratio: 52% India's coconut palm bran, 31% wormcast, 17% carbonization rice husk.
A kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described base starting material is pressed
Volume ratio includes following ratio: 56% India's coconut palm bran, 26% wormcast, 18% carbonization rice husk.
A kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described base starting material is pressed
Volume ratio includes following ratio: 43% India's coconut palm bran, 28% wormcast, 29% carbonization rice husk.
6. according to described in claim 1-5 any one in a kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate, it is characterised in that institute
Stating substrate acid-base value is 5.8-6.1, and electrical conductivity is 1100-1230 μ s/cm, and water-holding capacity is 45%-48%, and air porosity is
14.56%-15.32%, total porosity is 61%-63%, and unit weight is 0.37-0.41g/ cm3。
7. according to a kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate described in claim 1-5 any one, it is characterised in that described
India's coconut palm bran particle diameter is 0.3-12.0mm, and wormcast particle diameter is 0-2.6mm, and carbonization rice husk is 0.7-6.0mm, described carbonization rice husk
Rinse with tap water before using, remove substantial amounts of potassium carbonate, reduce pH.
8. a leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate culture method, it is characterised in that
Substrate: the substrate described in one claim of any of the above；
Plant selection；
Growing nursery and culture material selection: seedlings nursing plate, pallet；
Seed points is sowed in the substrate described in above-mentioned any one, 1, every cave seed；The Vermiculitum of uniform fold thin layer,
Leaching filling mode is watered, and irrigation water is the tap water of pH=6.0.
A kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate culture method the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that described in educate
Seedling dish is 200 hole seedlings nursing plates, and described pallet is 540 × 280mm.
A kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate culture method the most according to claim 8 or claim 9, it is characterised in that institute
Stating seedlings nursing plate is PS material.
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| CN201610470685.5A CN106069675A (en) | 2016-06-24 | 2016-06-24 | A kind of leaf vegetables plant soil-less culturing substrate and cultural method thereof |
| PCT/CN2016/097335 WO2017219493A1 (en) | 2016-06-24 | 2016-08-30 | Soilless culture substrate and cultivation method for leaf vegetables |
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| CN107047260A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-08-18 | 福建绿滢生态农林发展有限公司 | The method of pakchoi soilless culture |
| CN107493856A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-12-22 | 新苑阳光农业有限公司 | Potted plant leaf vegetables implantation methods |
| CN108849391A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-23 | 贵州环山农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of oil tea seedling culture matrix formulations and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107047260A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-08-18 | 福建绿滢生态农林发展有限公司 | The method of pakchoi soilless culture |
| CN107493856A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-12-22 | 新苑阳光农业有限公司 | Potted plant leaf vegetables implantation methods |
| CN108849391A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-23 | 贵州环山农业资源开发有限公司 | A kind of oil tea seedling culture matrix formulations and preparation method thereof |
| CN110214684A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-09-10 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of preparation method of the dedicated strong sprout matrix of sponge gourd |
| CN110291957A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-10-01 | 福建省农业科学院科技干部培训中心 | It is a kind of based on Sparassis crispa bacteria residue be raw material cucumber seedling-raising substrate and its application method |
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