CN106064961A - 一种透辉石CaMg(SiO3)2多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种透辉石CaMg(SiO3)2多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106064961A
CN106064961A CN201610359742.2A CN201610359742A CN106064961A CN 106064961 A CN106064961 A CN 106064961A CN 201610359742 A CN201610359742 A CN 201610359742A CN 106064961 A CN106064961 A CN 106064961A
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杨景周
黄军同
冯志军
李喜宝
罗军明
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种低成本透辉石（CaMg(SiO3)2）多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料及其制备方法，属于先进陶瓷材料和生物医用材料技术领域。所述多孔生物陶瓷以高纯天然白云石和石英矿物为原料，经过原料磨细、配料、引入造孔剂混合造粒、干压制坯、干燥和一步原位高温固相反应烧结制备得到，主晶相为透辉石，具有微孔和大孔复合孔道结构，微孔孔径0.2～1 μm，大孔孔径100～1000 μm，孔隙率 ≥ 50％。作为合成人工骨修复材料，透辉石生物陶瓷具有比传统磷酸钙基生物陶瓷更好的生物降解性，骨诱导性和力学性能，但其制备成本很高。本发明优点在于，原料来源广泛，工艺简单，成本低，可用于大规模工业化生产多孔透辉石生物陶瓷骨修复材料。

Description

一种透辉石CaMg(SiO3)2多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料及其制备 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种透辉石CaMg(SiO3)2多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料及其制备方法，属于先进陶瓷材料和生物医用材料领域。
背景技术
随着军事科技和现代武器的迅猛发展，战争和军事演习造成的骨组织损伤越来越严重，大面积和大尺寸骨缺损数量增长尤其明显。重大疾病、交通事故和意外伤害等造成的人体骨组织损伤数量也十分庞大。因此，在世界范围内对骨组织修复材料的需求十分迫切。第一代骨修复材料关注核心为力学性能，主要包括金属材料（不锈钢、钴基合金和钛合金等）、高分子材料（碳素纤维、涤纶和特氟隆等）和惰性陶瓷材料（氧化铝、氧化锆和氮化硅等），其特点为力学性能优良，生物惰性，不可降解，一般作为人工骨假体使用，植入人体后能够立即重建缺损处骨组织的生物功能。缺点是不能被人体吸收，不能促进新骨生长，不能与邻近健康骨形成生物和化学结合，长期机械稳定性不好，松动产生无菌性炎症导致植入失败等。第二代骨修复材料关注核心为生物活性和生物降解性，主要包括磷酸盐体系生物活性陶瓷（羟基磷灰石和磷酸三钙等）和可吸收高分子材料（聚乳酸等），其优点为，可被人体吸收，被新骨替代，缺点是力学性能较差，不具有骨诱导性和血管诱导性，不适用于大尺寸缺损修复和重建。第三代骨修复材料主要关注生物活性以及骨诱导和血管诱导性，包括生物玻璃和硅酸盐体系生物活性陶瓷。生物玻璃脆性高、抗弯强度和断裂韧性低。因此，硅酸盐生物活性陶瓷开始受到人们的重视。Acta Biomaterialia 9 (2013) 8004–8014，Scientific Report 6 (2016) 22005，Acta Biomaterialia 6 (2010) 2797–2807等论文报道了钙镁硅酸盐新型生物活性陶瓷包括透辉石CaMg(SiO3)2，在生理环境中能够释放硅和镁等具有骨诱导和血管诱导性能的离子，促进干细胞成骨分化，增强骨组织再生，同时具有很好的力学性能，尤其适合应用于大尺寸缺损修复。目前，透辉石多孔生物陶瓷一般以可溶性钙盐、镁盐和硅盐化学试剂为原料通过两步法来制备。第一步是通过湿化学法包括水热合成、共沉淀和溶胶－凝胶等工艺合成透辉石粉体，第二步是通过造孔和高温烧结制备多孔透辉石生物陶瓷块体制品。制备工艺较复杂，生产效率较低，尤其是成本很高，在很大程度上限制了透辉石生物陶瓷作为新型骨修复材料在骨科、整形外科和口腔外科等领域的广泛应用。富含钙镁硅的天然矿物来源广泛，成本低廉，可以用于合成透辉石。本发明提出一种新型透辉石CaMg(SiO3)2多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料及其制备方法，其技术优势是以天然高纯白云石和石英矿物粉体为主要原料通过一步法原位高温反应烧结制备，成本低，工艺简单，绿色环保和易于大规模工业化生产。
发明内容
本发明针对目前以湿化学法两步制备多孔透辉石生物陶瓷成本高，工艺复杂和生产效率低等问题，提出一种新型低成本透辉石多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料及其制备方法。
本发明提出的一种透辉石CaMg(SiO3)2多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料，所用主要原料为天然高纯白云石和石英矿物；天然白云石纯度为 CaMg(CO3)2 ≥ 95 wt.%，余量为SiO2，Fe2O3和Al2O3；天然石英纯度为SiO2 ≥ 99.5 wt.%，余量为CaO，MgO，Fe2O3和Al2O3；所述多孔生物陶瓷主晶相为透辉石，CaMg(SiO3)2，具有具有微孔和大孔复合孔道结构， 微孔孔径0.2～1 μm，大孔孔径100～1000 μm，孔隙率 ≥ 50％。
一种透辉石CaMg(SiO3)2多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料的制备方法，所述制备方法：原料磨细，配料，引入造孔剂混合造粒，干压制坯，干燥，一步原位固相反应烧结；其特征在于主要包括如下工艺步骤：
（1）将天然白云石和石英矿物破碎磨细至粒径小于74 μm；按白云石粉 60～65 wt.%，石英粉35～40 wt.%进行配料并混合均匀；
（2）外加0～100 wt.% 粒径100～1000 μm的可烧失造孔剂：
（3）木屑锯末或聚苯乙烯球或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯颗粒或活性碳颗粒等，外加木质素磺酸钙或聚乙烯醇1～5 wt.%和水2～8 wt.% 混合均匀并造粒，50～200 MPa干压制坯；
（4）室温干燥12～24小时，60～90 °C干燥时间为24～48小时；
（5）1100～1300 °C高温原位反应烧结2～6小时即得到所述透辉石多孔生物陶瓷。
本发明所述白云石CaMg(CO3)2与石英SiO2发生化学反应生成透辉石CaMg(SiO3)2的同时产生CO2气体形成0.2～1 μm微孔，海绵模板烧失形成100～1000 μm大孔。
本发明的优点是：本发明作为合成人工骨修复材料，透辉石生物陶瓷具有比传统磷酸钙基生物陶瓷更好的生物降解性，骨诱导性和力学性能，但其制备成本很高；原料来源广泛，工艺简单，成本低，可用于大规模工业化生产多孔透辉石生物陶瓷骨修复材料。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明：
本发明的原料和配方为:天然白云石，纯度为 CaMg(CO3)2 ≥ 95 wt.%，余量为SiO2，Fe2O3和Al2O3；天然石英，纯度为SiO2 ≥ 99.5 wt.%，余量为CaO，MgO，Fe2O3和Al2O3。白云石粉加入量为60～65 wt.%，石英粉加入量为35～40 wt.%。
本发明提出的一种低成本透辉石多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料制备方法，其特征在于：首先将天然白云石和石英矿物破碎磨细至粒径小于74 μm；按所述配比进行配料混匀；外加0～100 wt.% 粒径100～1000 μm的可烧失造孔剂：木屑锯末或聚苯乙烯球或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯颗粒或活性碳颗粒等，外加木质素磺酸钙或聚乙烯醇1～5 wt.%和水2～8 wt.%混合均匀并造粒；50～200 MPa干压制坯；室温干燥12～24小时，60～90 °C干燥时间为24～48小时；1100～1300 °C高温原位反应烧结2～6小时即得到所述透辉石多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料。
一种低成本透辉石多孔生物陶瓷制备方法，包括如下工艺流程：原料磨细 → 配料 → 引入造孔剂混合造粒 → 干压制坯 → 干燥 →一步原位固相反应烧结
实施例1
原料：天然白云石，化学组成为 CaMg(CO3)2 95 wt.%，SiO2 4 wt.%，Fe2O3 0.6 wt.%和Al2O3 0.4 wt.%；天然石英，化学组成为SiO2 99.8 wt.%，余量为CaO 0.08 wt.%，MgO 0.06wt.%，Fe2O3 0.03 wt.%和Al2O3 0.02 wt.%。
原料磨细：将天然白云石和石英破碎磨细至粒径小于1.6 μm，过1.6 μm筛至筛余量小于3 wt.％。
配料：按照白云石粉加入量为 65 wt.%，石英粉加入量为35%进行配料并混合均匀。
引入造孔剂混合造粒：外加15 wt.% 粒径100～300 μm的木屑锯末，外加木质素磺酸钙2 wt.%和水5 wt.% 混合均匀并造粒。
干压制坯：70 MPa干压制得生坯。
干燥：室温干燥24小时，70 °C干燥时间为36小时。
一步原位固相反应烧结：1300 °C空气气氛高温原位反应烧结2小时即得到所述透辉石多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料。
所得制品的理化性能指标如下：微孔孔径0.2～1 μm，大孔孔径100～300 μm，孔隙率 55 ％，耐压强度 17 MPa。
实施例2
原料：天然白云石，化学组成为 CaMg(CO3)2 97wt.%，SiO2 2.6 wt.%，Fe2O3 0.2 wt.%和Al2O3 0.2 wt.%；天然石英，化学组成为SiO2 99.9 wt.%，余量为CaO 0.04wt.%，MgO 0.02wt.%，Fe2O3 0.02 wt.%和Al2O3 0.02 wt.%。
原料磨细：将天然白云石和石英破碎磨细至粒径小于6.5 μm，过6.5 μm筛至筛余量小于3 wt.％。
配料：按照白云石粉加入量为 63 wt.%，石英粉加入量为37%进行配料并混合均匀。
引入造孔剂混合造粒：外加20 wt.% 粒径300～500 μm的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯颗粒，外加聚乙烯醇1.5 wt.%和水7 wt.% 混合均匀并造粒。
干压制坯：100 MPa干压制得生坯。
干燥：室温干燥18小时，60°C干燥时间为48小时。
一步原位固相反应烧结：1250 °C空气气氛高温原位反应烧结4小时即得到所述透辉石多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料。
所得制品的理化性能指标如下：微孔孔径0.2～1 μm，大孔孔径300～500 μm，孔隙率 70 ％，耐压强度 11 MPa。
实施例3
原料：天然白云石，化学组成为 CaMg(CO3)2 99 wt.%，SiO2 0.5 wt.%，Fe2O3 0.3 wt.%和Al2O3 0.2 wt.%；天然石英，化学组成为SiO2 99.8 wt.%，余量为CaO 0.08 wt.%，MgO0.06 wt.%，Fe2O3 0.03 wt.%和Al2O3 0.02 wt.%。
原料磨细：将天然白云石和石英破碎磨细至粒径小于13 μm，过13 μm筛至筛余量小于3 wt.％。
配料：按照白云石粉加入量为 60 wt.%，石英粉加入量为40 %进行配料并混合均匀。
引入造孔剂混合造粒：外加25 wt.% 粒径100～300 μm的木屑锯末，外加木质素磺酸钙2 wt.%和水6 wt.% 混合均匀并造粒。
干压制坯：80 MPa干压制得生坯。
干燥：室温干燥24小时，70 °C干燥时间为36小时。
一步原位固相反应烧结：1300 °C空气气氛高温原位反应烧结3小时即得到所述透辉石多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料。
所得制品的理化性能指标如下：微孔孔径0.2～1 μm，大孔孔径100～300 μm，孔隙率 85 ％，耐压强度 5 MPa。

Claims (3)

1.一种透辉石CaMg(SiO3)2多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料，所用主要原料为天然高纯白云石和石英矿物；天然白云石纯度为 CaMg(CO3)2 ≥ 95 wt.%，余量为SiO2，Fe2O3和Al2O3；天然石英纯度为SiO2 ≥ 99.5 wt.%，余量为CaO，MgO，Fe2O3和Al2O3；所述多孔生物陶瓷主晶相为透辉石，CaMg(SiO3)2，具有具有微孔和大孔复合孔道结构， 微孔孔径0.2～1 μm，大孔孔径100～1000 μm，孔隙率 ≥ 50％。
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的透辉石CaMg(SiO3)2多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料的制备方法，所述制备方法：原料磨细，配料，引入造孔剂混合造粒，干压制坯，干燥，一步原位固相反应烧结；其特征在于主要包括如下工艺步骤：
（1）将天然白云石和石英矿物破碎磨细至粒径小于74 μm；按白云石粉 60～65 wt.%，石英粉35～40 wt.%进行配料并混合均匀；
（2）外加0～100 wt.% 粒径100～1000 μm的可烧失造孔剂：
（3）木屑锯末或聚苯乙烯球或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯颗粒或活性碳颗粒等，外加木质素磺酸钙或聚乙烯醇1～5 wt.%和水2～8 wt.% 混合均匀并造粒，50～200 MPa干压制坯；
（4）室温干燥12～24小时，60～90 °C干燥时间为24～48小时；
（5）1100～1300 °C高温原位反应烧结2～6小时即得到所述透辉石多孔生物陶瓷。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种透辉石CaMg(SiO3)2多孔生物陶瓷骨修复材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述白云石CaMg(CO3)2与石英SiO2发生化学反应生成透辉石CaMg(SiO3)2的同时产生CO2气体形成0.2～1 μm微孔，海绵模板烧失形成100～1000 μm大孔。
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