CN106057037B - The real-time visual experimental provision and demenstration method that the temperature difference influences heat transfer speed - Google Patents
The real-time visual experimental provision and demenstration method that the temperature difference influences heat transfer speed Download PDFInfo
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- CN106057037B CN106057037B CN201610617328.7A CN201610617328A CN106057037B CN 106057037 B CN106057037 B CN 106057037B CN 201610617328 A CN201610617328 A CN 201610617328A CN 106057037 B CN106057037 B CN 106057037B
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- laser
- sink
- side wall
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- water tank
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/16—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for science of heat
Abstract
A kind of real-time visual experimental provision that the temperature difference influences heat transfer speed, transparent sink is provided on pedestal, it is provided with upper water box from top to bottom on the outer surface of sink right side wall, middle water tank, lower header, between upper water box and middle water tank, insulating layer is provided between middle water tank and lower header, upper water box, middle water tank, the water injection pipe for being respectively arranged on the right side wall of lower header and being connected in 3 water tanks, optical screen is provided in sink rear wall outer base, laser stent is provided in front side wall outer base, semiconductor-on-insulator laser is from top to bottom provided on laser stent, middle semiconductor laser, lower semiconductor laser；The configuration of the present invention is simple, at low cost, easy to carry, phenomenon is obvious, is very suitable to the class demonstration of thermal conduction study teaching.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Experiment of Heat Transfer engineering device technique fields, and in particular to the experiment installing to heat transfer speed is standby.
Background technique
It is well known that medium heat-transfer speed is determined by two factors, one is temperature difference, another thermal resistance.In same material
Material, identical thermally conductive thickness, i.e., in the identical situation of thermal resistance, temperature difference is bigger, and heat-transfer rate is faster；It is identical in the temperature difference accordingly
In the case of, thermal resistance is bigger, then heat-transfer rate is slower.This, which is exactly based on, increases 6 thickness of insulating layer, enhances the principle institute of heat insulation effect
?.Due to the not visible property of utilizing object conducting heat process, understanding for the temperature difference, thermal resistance and heat-transfer rate relationship is imparted knowledge to students in thermal conduction study
In the process usually with resistance, voltage, electric current and mutual relationship come analogy, but since the conductive speed of material is not by electricity
The restriction of pressure, resistance sizes, therefore this simple analogy, often will cause student to the misunderstanding of the two physical essence.The temperature difference
It is one of the basic problem in thermal conduction study with the relationship of heat-transfer rate, realizes the real-time visual of the temperature difference and heat-transfer rate relationship
Demonstration, is of great significance, but there is presently no see this kind of experimental demonstration instrument in the teaching of thermal conduction study.
Summary of the invention
A technical problem to be solved by this invention is the shortcomings that overcoming the above-mentioned prior art, provides a kind of structure letter
List, demonstrating visual, good demonstration effect temperature difference real-time visual experimental provision that heat transfer speed is influenced.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention, which is to provide, a kind of to be influenced heat transfer speed using the temperature difference
The experimental demonstration method of real-time visual experimental provision.
Solving technical solution used by above-mentioned technical problem is: transparent sink, sink right side are provided on pedestal
Upper water box, middle water tank, lower header are provided on the outer surface of wall from top to bottom, between upper water box and middle water tank, middle water tank under
Be provided with insulating layer between water tank, upper water box, middle water tank, lower header right side wall on be respectively arranged with and be connected in 3 water tanks
Logical water injection pipe is provided with optical screen in sink rear wall outer base, is provided with laser stent, laser in front side wall outer base
Semiconductor-on-insulator laser, middle semiconductor laser, lower semiconductor laser, semiconductor-on-insulator laser are from top to bottom provided on bracket
Device, middle semiconductor laser, lower semiconductor laser output laser beam from sink inner close fitting right side wall and with right side wall and
Horizontal plane parallel through, be incident upon on optical screen through water-carrying groove rear wall, formed from top to bottom point-blank three it is equidistant
From luminous point.
Semiconductor-on-insulator laser of the invention, middle semiconductor laser, the output of lower semiconductor laser laser beam in
Axis at a distance from sink right side wall inner surface be equal to this at lasing aperture radius length, semiconductor-on-insulator laser, in partly lead
Body laser, the output of lower semiconductor laser height of the laser beam apart from sink bottom surface, respectively with corresponding upper water box, middle water
Case, the height of lower header horizontal centre plan range sink bottom surface are identical.
Semiconductor-on-insulator laser of the invention, middle semiconductor laser, the output of lower semiconductor laser laser beam be located at
In the same vertical plane of pedestal.
Upper water box of the invention, middle water tank, the volume of lower header are identical.
Test method of the invention is made of following step:
(1) tap water is filled it up in sink, connects semiconductor-on-insulator laser, middle semiconductor laser, lower semiconductor laser
The power supply of device, the position of adjustment semiconductor-on-insulator laser, middle semiconductor laser, lower semiconductor laser, is observed in tap water
The track that laser beam passes through makes laser beam be close to sink right side wall inner surface, is incident upon on optical screen, three are indicated on optical screen
The position of laser projection luminous point；
(2) hot water filled it up with 80~90 DEG C of hot water in upper water box, fill it up with 50~60 DEG C in middle water tank, in lower header plus
Full 30~40 DEG C of hot water, sink right side wall two sides different height section corresponding with upper water box, middle water tank, lower header establish not
The same temperature difference observes the change in shape of three laser projection luminous points on optical screen, realizes that the temperature difference moves the visualization that heat-transfer rate influences
State is shown.
The present invention is by the way that not equality of temperature has been filled in connection at different height on the sink right side wall outer surface for fill tap water
Upper water box, the middle water tank, lower header for spending hot water, form the different temperature difference in sink right side wall different height two sides.It will reflection difference
1 side wall of glass flume of same thickness glass heat-transfer rate and the size of temperature gradient in originally water termination nearby water under the temperature difference,
Direction is shown with the size by 1 side wall of glass flume and the laser beam deflection angle in water near originally water termination, deviation direction
It is existing.The size of laser beam deflection angle, deviation direction are further through " the one of the propagation direction of laser projection luminous point on optical screen and extension
The relative size of font " spot length shows, and is realized under the different temperature difference with this, identical heat carrier heat-transfer rate difference
Real-time visual.
The configuration of the present invention is simple, at low cost, easy to carry, phenomenon is obvious, is very suitable to the class demonstration of thermal conduction study teaching.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the photo of three laser projection luminous points in embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 is that projection luminous point of 10 outgoing laser beam of semiconductor-on-insulator laser on optical screen 8 is extended to first in embodiment 1
The photo of linear type hot spot.
Fig. 6 is three linear type hot spot photos that length is successively decreased and is parallel to the horizontal plane from top to bottom in embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to following implementations
Example.
Embodiment 1
In Fig. 1,2,3, the real-time visual experimental provision that the temperature difference of the present embodiment influences heat transfer speed is by sink
1, upper water box 2, water injection pipe 3, middle water tank 4, lower header 5, insulating layer 6, pedestal 7, optical screen 8, laser stent 9, semiconductor-on-insulator swash
Light device 10, middle semiconductor laser 11, the connection of lower semiconductor laser 12 are constituted.
Sink 1 is placed on pedestal 7, the sink 1 of the present embodiment is transparent glass sink, in the outer of 1 right side wall of sink
To be bonded connection from top to bottom with glue on surface have upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, a lower header 5, upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5
Volume is identical, and insulating layer 6 is equipped between upper water box 2 and middle water tank 4, is equipped with insulating layer 6 between middle water tank 4 and lower header 5,
Upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5 right side wall on be separately installed with 3,3 water injection pipes 3 of water injection pipe respectively with upper water box 2, in
It is connected in water tank 4, lower header 5, water is added separately to upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, in lower header 5 from water injection pipe 3.
Optical screen 8 is placed in the rear wall outer base 7 of sink 1, optical screen 8 is for being imaged.In the front side wall outer bottom of sink 1
It is placed with laser stent 9 on seat 7, is from top to bottom fixedly connected and is equipped with screw threads for fastening connector on laser stent 9
Semiconductor laser 10, middle semiconductor laser 11, lower semiconductor laser 12, semiconductor-on-insulator laser 10, middle semiconductor swash
The laser beam that light device 11, lower semiconductor laser 12 export is located in the same vertical plane of pedestal 7, semiconductor-on-insulator laser
10, middle semiconductor laser 11, lower semiconductor laser 12 export laser beam, from 1 inner close fitting right side wall of sink and with the right side
Side wall and horizontal plane are parallel through semiconductor-on-insulator laser 10, middle semiconductor laser 11, lower semiconductor laser 12 export
The central axes of laser beam are equal to lasing aperture radius length at this at a distance from 1 right side wall inner surface of glass flume.Upper half is led
Height of the laser beam that body laser 10, middle semiconductor laser 11, lower semiconductor laser 12 export apart from 1 bottom surface of glass flume
Degree is identical as corresponding upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, the height of 5 horizontal centre plan range sink of lower header, 1 bottom surface respectively.It is logical
The laser that semiconductor-on-insulator laser 10, middle semiconductor laser 11, the lower semiconductor laser 12 of 1 front-rear side walls of water-carrying groove export
Beam is incident upon on optical screen 8, forms from top to bottom three equidistant luminous points point-blank.
Using the experimental method of above-mentioned thermal resistance and the real-time visual experimental provision of heat-transfer rate relationship, steps are as follows:
1, tap water is filled it up in sink 1, connects semiconductor-on-insulator laser 10, middle semiconductor laser 11, lower semiconductor
The power supply of laser 12, the position of adjustment semiconductor-on-insulator laser 10, middle semiconductor laser 11, lower semiconductor laser 12,
The track that laser beam passes through in observation tap water, makes laser beam be close to 1 right side wall inner surface of sink, is incident upon on optical screen 8, in light
The position of three laser projection luminous points shown in sign picture 4 on screen 8.
2, the hot water filled it up with 80~90 DEG C of hot water in upper water box 2, fill it up with 50~60 DEG C in middle water tank 4, in lower header 5
30~40 DEG C of hot water is filled it up with, 1 right side wall two sides of sink different height section corresponding with upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5 is built
The different temperature difference have been found, three laser projection luminous points on optical screen 8 has been observed and change in shape as shown in Figure 5 occurs.
When variation as shown in Figure 5 first occurs in the projection luminous point of optical screen 8, i.e. 10 outgoing laser beam of semiconductor-on-insulator laser exists
Projection luminous point on optical screen 8 moves horizontally and is extended to 1 direction of glass flume linear type hot spot, illustrates hot water in upper water box 2
Heat conducted on the interface of 1 right side wall of screw clamp and tap water；Successively see the laser that middle semiconductor laser 11 exports
Beam projects luminous point on optical screen 8, moves horizontally to 1 direction of sink and is extended to linear type hot spot；The output of lower semiconductor laser
Laser beam project luminous point on optical screen 8, moved horizontally to 1 direction of sink and be extended to linear type hot spot.It is formed on optical screen 8
Three linear type hot spots that length from top to bottom shown in fig. 6 is successively decreased, is parallel to the horizontal plane.The elder generation that three linear type hot spots occur
Order and length scale afterwards are reflected in 1 right side wall two sides of sink in homogeneous thickness, influence of the temperature difference to glass heat-transfer rate.
By observation 3 linear type hot spots occur precedence and length scale, realize the temperature difference heat-transfer rate is influenced it is real-time
Visual Dynamic is shown.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is by the way that not equality of temperature has been filled in connection at different height on the 1 right side wall outer surface of sink for filling tap water
Upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, the lower header 5 for spending hot water, are formed the different temperature difference in 1 right side wall different height two sides of sink, are seen with this
Survey the difference of medium heat conduction speed under identical thermal resistance, the different temperature difference.Due to upper water box 2 in the present apparatus, middle water tank 4, lower header 5
It is fixed with the area of 1 common wall of sink, therefore hot water passes through 1 right side wall of sink to water in upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5
The speed of tap water conduction heat in slot 1, by 1 right side wall of glass flume that is connected with upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5 with
Originally the temperature gradient size near water termination determines.Nearby there is temperature gradient, explanation with originally water termination in 1 right side wall of sink
Upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, the heat of hot water has been transmitted in tap water by 1 right side wall of sink in lower header 5.On 1 right side of sink
In the uniform situation of wall thickness, the temperature difference of 1 right side wall two sides of sink is bigger, 1 right side wall of sink and water near originally water termination
Temperature gradient is just maximum, and the unit time heat of conduction is most, i.e., heat transfer rate is most fast.Vice versa.
The temperature gradient field of 1 right side wall of sink and water near originally water termination, forms corresponding graded index field.Water
Warm eminence refractive index is small, and water temperature lower refractive index is big.The area big to refractive index when being transmitted in graded index field due to light
Domain deviation, refractive index gradient is bigger, and the deviation angle of light is bigger.Therefore, by 1 right side wall of sink near originally water termination
It, will be to the lower tap water region direction deviation of water temperature when gradient temperature field in water.
Since the temperature difference of 1 right side wall top two sides of sink being connected with upper water box 2 is maximum, 1 right side wall top of sink with
The temperature gradient originally formed in the water near water termination is maximum, and the heat-transfer rate on 1 right side wall top of sink is most fast, corresponding logical
The deviation for crossing 10 outgoing laser beam of semiconductor-on-insulator laser at this is maximum.In synchronization, it is connected with middle water tank 4, lower header 5
Glass flume 1 right side wall in the middle part of, the temperature difference of lower part two sides be sequentially reduced, in the middle part of 1 right side wall of sink and lower part and originally hydrosphere
The temperature gradient formed in water near face is also sequentially reduced, and passes through middle semiconductor laser 11, the lower semiconductor of corresponding position
The deflection angle of 12 outgoing laser beam of laser is also just sequentially reduced.
It is considered that laser beam is formed by many parallel ray sets, different light pass through sink 1 in same laser beam
Right side wall is different from the temperature gradient near originally water termination, and the temperature gradient in 1 right side wall water of sink is bigger, laser
Deviation is maximum to the left for light in beam at 1 right side wall of sink, and maximum deflection of light is most with a distance from 1 right side wall of sink
It is small, so that the luminous point on original optical screen 8, is extended to linear type hot spot.It is added in upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5 different
After the hot water of temperature, the heat of hot water passes through on the right side of the sink 1 of different height section corresponding with upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5
Wall is transmitted to the tap water in glass flume 1, by the semiconductor-on-insulator laser 10 of corresponding height, middle semiconductor laser 11,
Projection luminous point of the laser beam that lower semiconductor laser 12 exports on optical screen 8, is successively extended to linear type hot spot, passes through observation
Originally three luminous points on optical screen 8 are extended to the time order and function and length scale of linear type hot spot to the left, realize identical thermal resistance,
The Real time dynamic display of heat-transfer rate difference under different temperature difference sizes, the propagation direction of the luminous point on optical screen 8 are heat transmitting
Direction.
Claims (5)
1. the real-time visual experimental provision that a kind of temperature difference influences heat transfer speed, it is characterised in that: be arranged on pedestal (7)
Have transparent sink (1), is provided with upper water box (2) on the outer surface of sink (1) right side wall from top to bottom, middle water tank (4), is lauched
Case (5) is provided with insulating layer (6), upper water box between upper water box (2) and middle water tank (4), between middle water tank (4) and lower header (5)
(2), middle water tank (4), lower header (5) right side wall on be respectively arranged with and the water injection pipe (3) that is connected in 3 water tanks, sink
(1) it is provided with optical screen (8) in rear wall outer base (7), is provided with laser stent (9), laser in front side wall outer base (7)
Semiconductor-on-insulator laser (10), middle semiconductor laser (11), lower semiconductor laser are from top to bottom provided on bracket (9)
(12), semiconductor-on-insulator laser (10), middle semiconductor laser (11), lower semiconductor laser (1) output laser beam from water
Parallel through being incident upon optical screen through water-carrying groove (1) rear wall at slot (1) inner close fitting right side wall and with right side wall and horizontal plane
(8) on, three equidistant luminous points point-blank are formed from top to bottom.
2. the real-time visual experimental provision that the temperature difference according to claim 1 influences heat transfer speed, it is characterised in that:
The semiconductor-on-insulator laser (10), middle semiconductor laser (11), lower semiconductor laser (12) output laser beam
Central axes at a distance from sink (1) right side wall inner surface be equal to lasing aperture radius length, semiconductor-on-insulator laser (10), in
Semiconductor laser (11), lower semiconductor laser (12) output height of the laser beam apart from sink (1) bottom surface, respectively with it is right
The upper water box (2) answered, middle water tank (4), the height of lower header (5) horizontal centre plan range sink (1) bottom surface are identical.
3. the real-time visual experimental provision that the temperature difference according to claim 1 influences heat transfer speed, it is characterised in that:
The semiconductor-on-insulator laser (10), middle semiconductor laser (11), lower semiconductor laser (12) output laser beam position
In in the same vertical plane of pedestal 7.
4. the real-time visual experimental provision that the temperature difference according to claim 1 or 2 influences heat transfer speed, feature exist
In: the upper water box (2), middle water tank (4), the volume of lower header (5) are identical.
5. a kind of experimental method for the real-time visual experimental provision that heat transfer speed is influenced using claim 1 temperature difference,
It is characterized in that this method is made of following step:
(1) tap water is filled it up in sink (1), connection semiconductor-on-insulator laser (10), middle semiconductor laser (11), lower half are led
The power supply of body laser (12) adjusts semiconductor-on-insulator laser (10), middle semiconductor laser (11), lower semiconductor laser
(12) track that laser beam passes through in tap water is observed in position, and laser beam is made to be close to sink (1) right side wall inner surface, projection
On optical screen (8), the position of three laser projection luminous points is indicated on optical screen (8)；
(2) 80~90 DEG C of hot water, the interior hot water for filling it up with 50~60 DEG C of middle water tank (4), lower header are filled it up in upper water box (2)
(5) 30~40 DEG C of hot water is filled it up in, sink (1) right side wall two sides are corresponding with upper water box (2), middle water tank (4), lower header (5)
Different height section establish the different temperature difference, observe the change in shape of optical screen (8) upper three laser projection luminous points, realize the temperature difference pair
The Visual Dynamic that heat-transfer rate influences is shown.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610617328.7A CN106057037B (en) | 2016-07-30 | 2016-07-30 | The real-time visual experimental provision and demenstration method that the temperature difference influences heat transfer speed |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610617328.7A CN106057037B (en) | 2016-07-30 | 2016-07-30 | The real-time visual experimental provision and demenstration method that the temperature difference influences heat transfer speed |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106057037A CN106057037A (en) | 2016-10-26 |
| CN106057037B true CN106057037B (en) | 2018-12-04 |
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| CN105047054A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-11-11 | 陕西师范大学 | Experiment device and method for the relation between light bending and temperature gradient direction |
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| US6626535B2 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2003-09-30 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Lens-eye model and method for predicting in-vivo lens performance |
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2016
- 2016-07-30 CN CN201610617328.7A patent/CN106057037B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0396984A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1991-04-22 | Yasutsugu Kitatsuji | Refraction experimentation device for optical path by gas layer having density gradient |
| CN2837964Y (en) * | 2005-09-22 | 2006-11-15 | 李建民 | Fully transparent thermotube research and tutorial appliance |
| CN201130448Y (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2008-10-08 | 包莹 | Combined device for demonstration of thermotics experiment |
| CN201812424U (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2011-04-27 | 陈健波 | Optical demonstration instrument presenting spatial optical path |
| CN201974997U (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-09-14 | 上海市向明中学 | Heat exchange demonstrator |
| CN104992600A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-10-21 | 陕西师范大学 | Experiment apparatus for establishing gradient temperature field in water |
| CN104992601A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-10-21 | 陕西师范大学 | Experiment apparatus and experiment method for light transmission thermal lens effect in non-uniform temperature field |
| CN105047054A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-11-11 | 陕西师范大学 | Experiment device and method for the relation between light bending and temperature gradient direction |
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