CN106290455B - The optical observation experimental provision and experimental method of thermal conductivity of material difference - Google Patents
The optical observation experimental provision and experimental method of thermal conductivity of material difference Download PDFInfo
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- CN106290455B CN106290455B CN201610617254.7A CN201610617254A CN106290455B CN 106290455 B CN106290455 B CN 106290455B CN 201610617254 A CN201610617254 A CN 201610617254A CN 106290455 B CN106290455 B CN 106290455B
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- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/16—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating thermal coefficient of expansion
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Abstract
A kind of optical observation experimental provision of thermal conductivity of material difference, transparent sink is provided on pedestal, one piece of heat-conducting plate by sink separator at left sink and right sink is provided on front-rear side walls in the middle part of sink length direction, by the tabular material of different thermal coefficients, from bottom to top mutually bonding is constituted heat-conducting plate, optical screen is provided in the rear wall outer base of sink, laser stent is provided in front side wall outer base, semiconductor laser is provided on laser stent, Bao Weier prism and Fresnel lens, the laser beam of semiconductor laser output successively penetrates Bao Weier prism and Fresnel lens, the laser rectangular sheet light of formation penetrates the front-rear side walls of sink from left sink, it is close to pass through at heat-conducting plate, it is incident upon on optical screen, form a vertical band；The configuration of the present invention is simple, at low cost, easy to carry, phenomenon is obvious, is very suitable to the class demonstration of thermal conduction study teaching.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Experiment of Heat Transfer Instrument technology fields, and in particular to the optical demo device into diabatic process.
Background technique
Thermal coefficient is the important parameter for reflecting thermal conductivity of material, the quantitative description power of material conducts heat ability.It surveys
There are many method and the instrument for measuring thermal coefficient, but are substantially quantitative measure apparatus, and instrument cost is very high, it is complicated to constitute, and needs
Professional is wanted to operate.Material thermal conductivity is a comparison abstract concept, for identical thermally conductive thickness, and is in phase equality of temperature
Different materials under difference, it reflects the speed of its heat-transfer rate again, and thermal coefficient is smaller, and heat-transfer rate is lower, that is,
Heat-insulating property is better；Thermal coefficient is bigger, then heat-transfer rate is faster.If can synchronize, is quick, intuitive more a variety of different materials
The difference for expecting heating conduction, will be relatively beneficial to understanding of the student to thermal coefficient physical essence.But currently without seeing towards
Raw cost is low, method is simple, the experimental demonstration device of the intuitive Synchronous different materials heating conduction difference of effect.
Summary of the invention
A technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of material thermal conductivity
The optical observation experimental provision of energy difference.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of optics using thermal conductivity of material difference
The experimental method of observation experiment device.
Solving technical solution used by above-mentioned technical problem is: transparent sink, sink length are provided on pedestal
One piece of heat-conducting plate by sink separator at left sink and right sink is provided on front-rear side walls in the middle part of direction, heat-conducting plate is by difference
From bottom to top mutually bonding is constituted the tabular material of thermal coefficient, and optical screen, preceding is provided in the rear wall outer base of sink
It is provided with laser stent in side wall outer base, semiconductor laser, Bao Weier prism and Fei Nie are provided on laser stent
The laser beam of ear lens, semiconductor laser output successively penetrates Bao Weier prism and Fresnel lens, the laser rectangle of formation
Piece light is incident upon on optical screen from penetrating the front-rear side walls of sink in left sink, being close to pass through from heat-conducting plate, forms a vertical light
Band.
The vertical central plane of laser rectangular sheet light of the invention is parallel to heat-conducting plate, laser rectangular sheet light it is vertical in
Heart plane is the half of laser rectangular sheet light thickness herein at a distance from heat-conducting plate.
Heat-conducting plate of the invention is by same thickness, same widths, mutually level copper plate, quartz glass plate, organic glass
Glass from top to bottom bonds composition, heat-conducting plate with a thickness of 3~6mm.
Use the experimental method of above-mentioned experimental provision, it is characterised in that it is made of following step:
(1), tap water is added in left sink, connects the power supply of semiconductor laser, adjust semiconductor laser, Bao Wei
The position of that prism, Fresnel lens, observes the track of laser rectangular sheet light in tap water, is close to laser rectangular sheet light thermally conductive
Plate is incident upon on optical screen, and the position of vertical band is indicated on optical screen；
(2), 80~90 DEG C of hot water is added in right sink, makes the height of the tap water water surface in the hot water water surface and left sink
It is identical, the change in shape and situation of movement of vertical band on optical screen are observed, it is vertical by the upper, middle and lower segment on observation optical screen
Light belt leaves the precedence of original position and apart from size, realizes under the identical temperature difference, the purple of same thickness, different thermal coefficients
The real-time visual of the heating conduction difference of copper sheet, quartz glass plate, poly (methyl methacrylate) plate.
The water of different temperatures is arranged by heat-conducting plate two sides by the present invention, establishes the temperature difference in heat-conducting plate two sides, will reflect thermally conductive
Copper plate, quartz glass plate and the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate of copper plate, quartz glass plate and poly (methyl methacrylate) plate difference heating conduction in plate
With size, direction and the change procedure of the temperature gradient near originally water termination in water, with passing through copper plate, quartz in heat-conducting plate
Glass plate and poly (methyl methacrylate) plate from the laser rectangular sheet light in originally water termination nearby water different light it is different size of inclined
Dog-ear, deviation direction and changing rule show.The different size of deflection angle of difference light, deviation side in laser rectangular sheet light
To the precedence of original position and the phase of distance are left in the vertical band segmentation projected further through laser rectangular sheet light on optical screen
It to size, realizes at the same temperature difference, the real-time visual Dynamically Announce of different materials thermal conduction characteristic.
The configuration of the present invention is simple, at low cost, easy to carry, phenomenon is obvious, is very suitable to the class demonstration of thermal conduction study teaching.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is vertical band photo in embodiment 1
Fig. 4 is that vertical band top is moved to the left photo in embodiment 1
Fig. 5 is the photo that vertical band becomes upper, middle and lower segment vertical band in embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to following implementations
Example.
Embodiment 1
In Fig. 1,2, the optical observation experimental provision of the thermal conductivity of material difference of the present embodiment by pedestal 1, sink 2,
Heat-conducting plate 3, optical screen 4, laser stent 5, semiconductor laser 6, Bao Weier prism 7, the connection of Fresnel lens 8 are constituted.
Sink 2 is placed on pedestal 1, the sink 2 of the present embodiment is cuboid transparent sink 2, in 2 length direction of sink
Being sealing adhesive on the front-rear side walls at middle part with glue has one piece of heat-conducting plate 3, and heat-conducting plate 3 is vertical with the front-rear side walls of sink 2.This implementation
Example heat-conducting plate 3 by same thickness, same widths, mutually level copper plate, quartz glass plate and poly (methyl methacrylate) plate by up to
Lower mutually bonding is constituted, heat-conducting plate 3 with a thickness of 3~6mm, sink 2 is separated into two mutually independent left sinks by heat-conducting plate 3
2-1 and right sink 2-2.Optical screen 4 is placed in the rear wall outer base 1 of sink 2, optical screen 4 is for being imaged.Before sink 2
It is placed with laser stent 5 in side wall outer base 1, is fixedly connected on laser stent 5 with screw threads for fastening connector and is equipped with half
Conductor laser 6, Bao Weier prism 7 and Fresnel lens 8, the laser beam that semiconductor laser 6 exports successively penetrate Bao Weier
After prism 7 and Fresnel lens 8, laser rectangular sheet light is formed, laser rectangular sheet light is before penetrating sink 2 in left sink 2-1
Rear wall simultaneously is close to pass through at heat-conducting plate 3, is incident upon on optical screen 4, forms a vertical band.Laser rectangular sheet light it is vertical
Central plane is parallel to heat-conducting plate 3, and the vertical central plane of laser rectangular sheet light is laser rectangle herein at a distance from heat-conducting plate 3
The half of piece optical thickness.
Experimental method using the optical observation apparatus of thermal conductivity of material difference is as follows:
1, it is added tap water in left sink 2-1, connects the power supply of semiconductor laser 6, adjustment semiconductor laser 6,
The position of Bao Weier prism 7, Fresnel lens 8 observes the track of laser rectangular sheet light in tap water, keeps laser rectangular sheet light tight
Heat-conducting plate 3 is pasted, is incident upon on optical screen 4, the position of vertical band shown in sign picture 3 on optical screen 4.
2,80~90 DEG C of temperature of hot water is added in right sink 2-2, makes tap water in the hot water water surface and left sink 2-1
The height in face is identical, observes the change in shape and situation of movement of vertical band on optical screen 4.
When there is variation as shown in Figure 4 in vertical band on optical screen 4, i.e., on optical screen 4 upper segment of vertical band first to
The direction left sink 2-1 moves horizontally, and illustrates in the identical situation of 3 temperature difference of heat-conducting plate, the heat of hot water in right sink 2-2
It is transmitted in tap water by the copper plate on 3 top of heat-conducting plate first, then successively sees the middle part of vertical band on optical screen 4 again
Also successively the direction sink 2-1 moves horizontally to the left for section and lower section, and formation is shown in fig. 5 to leave original vertical band position not
The upper, middle and lower segment vertical band of same distance.Upper, middle and lower segment vertical band leaves the precedence and distance of original position
Size is reflected when heat-conducting plate 3 starts thermally conductive, under the identical temperature difference, copper plate, the quartz of same thickness, different thermal coefficients
It is poor to realize copper plate, quartz glass plate and poly (methyl methacrylate) plate heating conduction for the thermally conductive speed of glass plate and poly (methyl methacrylate) plate
Different real-time visual.
Working principle of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention is by the water for the different temperatures being full of in the left and right sink 2-2 of 3 two sides of heat-conducting plate, at 3 liang of heat-conducting plate
Side forms and establishes the identical temperature difference, with this observe the identical temperature difference, same thickness, different heating conduction material conduction process.By
The area of heat-conducting plate 3 is fixed in the present apparatus, therefore hot water is transmitted to left sink 2-1 by heat-conducting plate 3 in right sink 2-2
The speed of heat in tap water is determined by the heating conduction of heat-conducting plate 3.And the heating conduction of heat-conducting plate 3, in conduction process
In be presented as heat-conducting plate 3 and the temperature gradient size near originally water termination.Nearby there is temperature with originally water termination in heat-conducting plate 3
Gradient illustrates that the heat of hot water has been transmitted in tap water by heat-conducting plate 3 in right sink 2-2.It is identical in 3 temperature difference of heat-conducting plate
In the case where, the heating conduction of copper plate is best in heat-conducting plate 3, in synchronization, copper plate and oneself positioned at 3 top of heat-conducting plate
The temperature gradient come near water termination in water is just maximum, and the heat of unit time conduction is with regard to most, i.e., heat transfer rate is just most fast.Instead
?.
Heat-conducting plate 3 and the gradient temperature field in originally water termination nearby water, have been formed simultaneously corresponding graded index field,
Temperature eminence refractive index is small, and temperature lower refractive index is big.It is big to refractive index when being transmitted in graded index field due to light
Region deviation, refractive index gradient is bigger, and the deviation angle of light is bigger, i.e. the curvature of light is bigger.Therefore, light is by leading
It, will be inclined to the lower region of water temperature (side left sink 2-1) when hot plate 3 is with gradient temperature field in originally water termination nearby water
Folding.The heating conduction of copper plate is best in heat-conducting plate 3, i.e. the heat-transfer rate of copper plate is most fast, in copper plate and originally hydrosphere
The gradient in the temperature field formed in the water near face is maximum, in laser rectangular sheet light just most by the deflection angle of the light at this
Greatly.Accordingly in synchronization, since the heating conduction of quartz glass in heat-conducting plate 3, organic glass is successively deteriorated, quartzy glass
The gradient in the temperature field formed in glass, organic glass and the water near originally water termination is also sequentially reduced, in laser rectangular sheet light
It is just sequentially reduced accordingly by the deflection angle of the light at this.An original vertical band quilt is just shown on optical screen 4
It is divided into discontinuous three vertical band sections.Corresponding vertical band section is left at a distance from situ maximum with copper plate, and organic
It is minimum that the corresponding vertical band section of glass plate leaves distance in situ.Above process explanation, is added hot water in right sink 2-2
In a period of time afterwards, the time for being divided into three vertical band sections by a vertical band original on observation optical screen 4 is first
Afterwards, the relative size for leaving distance in situ realizes the real-time visual demonstration of different materials thermal conduction characteristic difference.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of optical observation experimental provision of thermal conductivity of material difference, it is characterised in that: be provided on pedestal (1) transparent
Sink (2), be provided with one piece on the front-rear side walls in the middle part of sink (2) length direction and sink (2) be separated into left sink (2-1)
With the heat-conducting plate (3) of right sink (2-2), heat-conducting plate (3) is from bottom to top mutually bonded by the tabular material of different thermal coefficients
It constitutes, optical screen (4) is provided in the rear wall outer base (1) of sink (2), front side wall outer base is provided with laser on (1)
Bracket (5) is provided with semiconductor laser (6), Bao Weier prism (7) and Fresnel lens (8) on laser stent (5), and half
The laser beam of conductor laser (6) output successively penetrates Bao Weier prism (7) and Fresnel lens (8), the laser rectangle of formation
Piece light penetrates the front-rear side walls of sink (2) from left sink (2-1), is close to pass through at heat-conducting plate (3), is incident upon on optical screen (4),
Form a vertical band.
2. the optical observation experimental provision of thermal conductivity of material difference according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The vertical central plane of laser rectangular sheet light is parallel to heat-conducting plate (3), the vertical central plane and heat-conducting plate of laser rectangular sheet light
(3) distance is the half of laser rectangular sheet light thickness.
3. the optical observation experimental provision of thermal conductivity of material difference according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: institute
The heat-conducting plate (3) stated by same thickness, same widths, mutually level copper plate, quartz glass plate, organic glass from top to bottom
Bonding constitute, heat-conducting plate (3) with a thickness of 3~6mm.
4. a kind of experimental method of the optical observation experimental provision using claim 1 thermal conductivity of material difference, feature exist
It is made of in it following step:
(1), tap water is added in left sink (2-1), connects the power supply of semiconductor laser (6), adjusts semiconductor laser
(6), Bao Weier prism (7), Fresnel lens (8) position, observe tap water in laser rectangular sheet light track, make laser square
Shape piece light is close to heat-conducting plate (3), is incident upon on optical screen (4), and the position of vertical band is indicated on optical screen (4)；
(2), 80~90 DEG C of hot water is added in right sink (2-2), makes the tap water water surface in the hot water water surface and left sink (2-1)
Height it is identical, observation optical screen (4) on vertical band change in shape and situation of movement, by observation optical screen (4) on it is upper,
In, lower three sections of vertical bands leave the precedence of original position and apart from size, realize under the identical temperature difference, same thickness, no
With the real-time visual of the heating conduction difference of the copper plate of thermal coefficient, quartz glass plate, poly (methyl methacrylate) plate.
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| CN109490307B (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2023-11-03 | 沈阳工程学院 | Device for measuring metal linear expansion coefficient based on small hole imaging |
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| US6626535B2 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2003-09-30 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Lens-eye model and method for predicting in-vivo lens performance |
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| CN203178572U (en) * | 2013-04-12 | 2013-09-04 | 南京思孚泰科信息技术有限公司 | Parallel laser sheet light source system |
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