CN104933932B - Light bending direction apparatus for demonstrating and experimental method in positive gradient temperature field - Google Patents
Light bending direction apparatus for demonstrating and experimental method in positive gradient temperature field Download PDFInfo
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- CN104933932B CN104933932B CN201510360063.2A CN201510360063A CN104933932B CN 104933932 B CN104933932 B CN 104933932B CN 201510360063 A CN201510360063 A CN 201510360063A CN 104933932 B CN104933932 B CN 104933932B
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- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/22—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for optics
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Abstract
A kind of light bending direction apparatus for demonstrating in positive gradient temperature field, transparent sink built with water is set on base, the right lateral surface of transparent sink is coated with white paint layer, the semiconductor refrigerating plate rack for being provided with semiconductor chilling plate is set in transparent sink, the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate is huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles), lower surface is hot face, semiconductor refrigerating plate rack and semiconductor chilling plate are immersed in the water, the left side of transparent sink sets the laser stent for being provided with semiconductor laser and cylindrical lens on base, the center line and horizontal plane of cylindrical lens, and be mutually perpendicular to the laser beam of laser emitting in same perpendicular.Bending of light direction apparatus for demonstrating in the positive gradient temperature field of this structure, speed that is simple in construction, setting up gradient temperature is fast, gradient temperature is stable, demonstrating effect is obvious, directly perceived, can be used as optical demo and laboratory apparatus.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Experiments of Optics technical field of teaching instruments, and in particular to the experiment instrument of demonstration straight line bendingof light
Device.
Background technology
The formation of linear propagation of light concept, starts from direct feel and primary and secondary geometry optics of the people in limited range
" axiom " concept of the linear propagation of light of middle foundation.And actually linear propagation of light is conditional, i.e., only uniformly it is being situated between
Straightline propagation is only in matter.The research of light transmission problem in an atmosphere shows, when light is transmitted over long distances in an atmosphere, often
There is bending of light transport phenomena.To the light mechanism that the curve transmission imagination is produced in an atmosphere, academia is early finalized, i.e., due to
Temperature field is uneven in air, causes atmospheric density skewness, so that uneven shape occurs in air index distribution
State.Air index distribution it is uneven, necessarily make light by when produce refraction, because the distribution of atmosphere temperature field is from macroscopic view
Angle is seen, is gradual change and not mutated.Obviously, the distribution of air index, is also gradual change.Therefore, light is passed through air
Occur bending when defeated rather than broken line transmission.Buckling phenomenon shows when light is transmitted in an atmosphere, it is necessary to meet two conditions, i.e.,
The variable gradient direction of air index has a certain degree with light transmission direction, that is, the thermograde of air change
Direction is not parallel with light transmission direction；Secondly as in air temperature variable gradient very little, light have to pass through over long distances
Transmission so that deviation is accumulated, and can just be clearly visible bending of light direction.It is limited in laboratory due to the thermal capacity very little of air
Space in be difficult to set up big air gradient temperature field, therefore demonstrate light in temperature uneven atmospheric in laboratory simulation
In bending transport phenomena almost cannot so that understanding of the student to this optical phenomena also can only just rely on imagination.
Water is as one other fluid, and its property and the characteristics of motion are very close with air, while the ratio of heat capacities air of water is much bigger, holds
High gradient temperature field is easily set up in the water of limited bulk, i.e., is distributed easily by observation light in non-uniform temperature curved in water
Bent transmission direction and the Temperature Distribution value in corresponding temperature field, make student directly observe light in known different directions gradient temperature
Bending transmission situation in.But the teaching and experimental demonstration instrument of correlation is had not seen at present.
The content of the invention
A technical problem to be solved by this invention is that a kind of reasonable in design, simple in construction, demonstrating effect of offer is straight
The light of sight bending direction apparatus for demonstrating in positive gradient temperature field.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of curved in positive gradient temperature field using light
The experimental method of Qu Fangxiang apparatus for demonstrating.
Solving the technical scheme that is used of above-mentioned technical problem is：Transparent sink built with water is set on base, thoroughly
It is coated with the right lateral surface of bright tank in white paint layer, transparent sink and the semiconductor system for being provided with semiconductor chilling plate is set
Cold plate rack, the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate is huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles), and semiconductor refrigerating plate rack and semiconductor chilling plate are immersed in the water,
Left side on base outside transparent sink sets the laser stent for being provided with semiconductor laser and cylindrical lens, and the face of cylinder is saturating
The center line of mirror same perpendicular in is mutually perpendicular to horizontal plane and with the laser beam of laser emitting.
The transparent sink of the present invention and the geometry of semiconductor chilling plate are cuboid, the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate
It is parallel with the front side wall of transparent sink with plane-parallel, leading flank.
A diameter of 3~5mm of the cylindrical lens of the present invention.
Using above-mentioned light, the experimental method of bending direction apparatus for demonstrating is made up of following step in positive gradient temperature field.
1st, the power supply of semiconductor laser, the outgoing light direction and cylindrical lens of synchronous adjustment semiconductor laser are connected
Position, make the laser beam transparent cylindrical lens formation fanning strip light of semiconductor laser outgoing through in transparent sink
Water, projection forms horizontal bands on white paint layer.
2nd, light beam track of the fanning strip light in water from tank front side wall level, adjustment fanning strip light and semiconductor system
Relative position between cold, makes surface of light beam track level of the fanning strip light in water by semiconductor chilling plate, fan-shaped
Plane where piece light is parallel with semiconductor chilling plate upper surface, fanning strip optical thickness central plane and semiconductor chilling plate upper surface
The distance between h be 2~2.5mm.
3rd, the power supply of semiconductor chilling plate is connected, the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate is on huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles), observation white paint layer
Recessed and semiconductor system in the middle part of the situation of change of horizontal bands, the horizontal bands that analysis fanning strip light is projected on white paint layer
The relation of cold top gradient temperature field direction.
The semiconductor chilling plate level of energization is immersed in the water by the present invention, is set up just in the water above semiconductor chilling plate
Gradient temperature, while making laser fanning strip light level by the positive gradient temperature field above semiconductor chilling plate, in positive ladder
Laser fanning strip light in degree temperature field is bent downwardly, recessed in the middle part of the horizontal bands formed on white paint layer, is intuitively drilled
The bending direction of light in positive temperature gradient field is shown.Demonstration dress in bending of light direction in the positive gradient temperature field of this structure
Put, speed that is simple in construction, setting up gradient temperature is fast, gradient temperature is stable, demonstrating effect is obvious, directly perceived, can be used as light
Learn demonstration and laboratory apparatus.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is that horizontal bands of the laser fanning strip light projection on white paint layer 4 shine before semiconductor chilling plate 5 is powered
Piece.
Fig. 3 be semiconductor chilling plate 5 be powered after laser fanning strip light projection white paint layer 4 on horizontal bands in the middle part of
Recessed photo.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but the invention is not restricted to these embodiments.
Embodiment 1
In Fig. 1, the light of the present embodiment in positive gradient temperature field bending direction apparatus for demonstrating by semiconductor laser
1st, cylindrical lens 2, transparent sink 3, white paint layer 4, semiconductor chilling plate 5, semiconductor refrigerating plate rack 6, base 7, swash
The connection of light device support 8 is constituted.
Transparent sink 3 is placed with base 7, transparent sink 3 is made of lucite, can also use quartz glass system
Geometry into, transparent sink 3 is cuboid, the built-in full water of transparent sink 3, is coated with the right lateral surface of transparent sink 3
White paint layer 4, white paint layer 4 is used for the shape for showing projection light band.Bottom in transparent sink 3 is placed with semiconductor
Freeze plate rack 6, has semiconductor chilling plate 5, semiconductor refrigerating plate rack 6 with glue sticking connection on semiconductor refrigerating plate rack 6
It is immersed in the water with semiconductor chilling plate 5, the geometry of semiconductor chilling plate 5 is cuboid, the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate 5
For huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles), the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate 5 and plane-parallel, the leading flank of semiconductor chilling plate 5 with before transparent sink 3
It is parallel sideways.
On base 7 left side of transparent sink 3 be placed with laser stent 8, laser stent 8 be provided with semiconductor swash
Light device 1, semiconductor laser 1 can be rotated on the support of semiconductor laser 1, and semiconductor laser 1 is used to produce laser, partly leads
Cylindrical lens 2 are installed with the support of body laser 1, a diameter of 4mm of cylindrical lens 2, cylindrical lens 2 are partly being led
On the laser emitting light direction of body laser 1, the center line of cylindrical lens 2 is sharp with horizontal plane, with laser emitting
Light beam is mutually perpendicular in same perpendicular.Formed after the laser beam transparent cylindrical lens 2 of the outgoing of semiconductor laser 1
Plane where the fanning strip light of directive transparent sink 3, fanning strip light is parallel with the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate 5, and fanning strip light is thick
It is 2.2mm to spend the distance between central plane and the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate 5 h, and fanning strip light is upper from semiconductor chilling plate 5
Side passes through tank, is incident upon on the white paint of the right side wall of transparent sink 3 layer 4, and horizontal bands are formed on white paint layer 4.
Using above-mentioned light, the experimental method step of bending direction apparatus for demonstrating is as follows in positive gradient temperature field：
1st, the power supply of semiconductor laser 1 is connected, the outgoing light direction of synchronous adjustment semiconductor laser 1 and the face of cylinder are saturating
The position of mirror 2, makes the formation fanning strip light of laser beam transparent cylindrical lens 2 of the outgoing of semiconductor laser 1 pass through transparent sink 3
Interior water, projection forms horizontal bands on white paint layer 4.
2nd, light beam track of the fanning strip light in water from tank front side wall level, adjustment fanning strip light and semiconductor system
Relative position between cold 5, makes surface of light beam track level of the fanning strip light in water by semiconductor chilling plate 5, together
When make the distance between fanning strip optical thickness central plane and the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate 5 h be 2.2mm, it is ensured that fanning strip light
Still projection forms the horizontal bands shown in Fig. 2 photos on white paint layer 4.
3rd, the power supply of semiconductor chilling plate 5 is connected, the upper surface for making semiconductor chilling plate 5 is huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles), observes white paint
The situation of change of horizontal bands on layer 4, as shown in Fig. 3 photos, in figure 3, in the middle part of the horizontal bands projected on white paint layer 4
It is recessed, illustrate to be bent downwardly by the light of upright temperature gradient field on semiconductor chilling plate 5.
Embodiment 2
Bottom in transparent sink 3 is placed with semiconductor refrigerating plate rack 6, semiconductor refrigerating plate rack 6 with gluing
Be connected to semiconductor chilling plate 5, semiconductor refrigerating plate rack 6 and semiconductor chilling plate 5 are immersed in the water, semiconductor chilling plate 5 it is upper
Surface is huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles).The left side of transparent sink 3 is placed with to be provided with laser stent 8, laser stent 8 and partly led on base 7
Body laser 1 and cylindrical lens 2, a diameter of 4mm of cylindrical lens 2, cylindrical lens 2 swash semiconductor laser 1
On light outgoing light direction, the center line of cylindrical lens 2 is with the laser beam of horizontal plane and laser emitting same perpendicular
It is mutually perpendicular in straight plane, directive transparent sink 3 is formed after the laser beam transparent cylindrical lens 2 of the outgoing of semiconductor laser 1
Fanning strip light, plane where fanning strip light is parallel with the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate 5, fanning strip optical thickness central plane with partly
The distance between the upper surface of conductor cooling piece 5 h is 2mm, and the top of fanning strip light from semiconductor chilling plate 5 passes through tank, is projected
On the white paint layer 4 of the right side wall of transparent sink 3, horizontal bands are formed on white paint layer 4.Other parts and zero
The connecting relation of part is same as Example 1.
Using the present embodiment light light, the experimental method step of bending direction apparatus for demonstrating is as follows in positive gradient temperature field：
Step 1 is same as Example 1.In step 2, light beam of the fanning strip light in water from tank front side wall level
Track, the relative position between adjustment fanning strip light and semiconductor chilling plate 5 leads to light beam track level of the fanning strip light in water
The surface of semiconductor chilling plate 5 is crossed, while making between fanning strip optical thickness central plane and the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate 5
It is 2mm apart from h, it is ensured that the still projection on white paint layer 4 of fanning strip light forms horizontal bands.Step 3 and the phase of embodiment 1
Together.
Embodiment 3
Bottom in transparent sink 3 is placed with semiconductor refrigerating plate rack 6, semiconductor refrigerating plate rack 6 with gluing
Be connected to semiconductor chilling plate 5, semiconductor refrigerating plate rack 6 and semiconductor chilling plate 5 are immersed in the water, semiconductor chilling plate 5 it is upper
Surface is huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles).The left side of transparent sink 3 is placed with to be provided with laser stent 8, laser stent 8 and partly led on base 7
Body laser 1 and cylindrical lens 2, a diameter of 4mm of cylindrical lens 2, cylindrical lens 2 swash semiconductor laser 1
On light outgoing light direction, the center line of cylindrical lens 2 is with the laser beam of horizontal plane and laser emitting same perpendicular
It is mutually perpendicular in straight plane.Directive transparent sink 3 is formed after the laser beam transparent cylindrical lens 2 of the outgoing of semiconductor laser 1
Fanning strip light, plane where fanning strip light is parallel with the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate 5, fanning strip optical thickness central plane with partly
The distance between the upper surface of conductor cooling piece 5 h is 2.5mm, and the top of fanning strip light from semiconductor chilling plate 5 passes through tank, is thrown
Penetrate on the white paint layer 4 of the right side wall of transparent sink 3, horizontal bands are formed on white paint layer 4.Other parts and
The connecting relation of parts is same as Example 1.
It is as follows using the experimental method step of the present embodiment：
Step 1 is same as Example 1.In step 2, light beam of the fanning strip light in water from tank front side wall level
Track, the relative position between adjustment fanning strip light and semiconductor chilling plate 5 leads to light beam track level of the fanning strip light in water
The surface of semiconductor chilling plate 5 is crossed, while making between fanning strip optical thickness central plane and the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate 5
It is 2.5mm apart from h, it is ensured that the still projection on white paint layer 4 of fanning strip light forms horizontal bands.Step 3 and the phase of embodiment 1
Together.
Embodiment 4
In embodiment 1~3 more than, the left side of transparent sink 3 is placed with laser stent 8, laser on base 7
Semiconductor laser 1 and cylindrical lens 2, a diameter of 3mm of cylindrical lens 2 are installed on support 8.Other parts and
The connecting relation of parts is identical with corresponding embodiment.
The experimental method step for demonstrating bending of light is identical with corresponding embodiment.
Embodiment 5
In embodiment 1~3 more than, the left side of transparent sink 3 is placed with laser stent 8, laser on base 7
Semiconductor laser 1 and cylindrical lens 2, a diameter of 5mm of cylindrical lens 2 are installed on support 8.Other parts and
The connecting relation of parts is identical with corresponding embodiment.
The experimental method step for demonstrating bending of light is identical with corresponding embodiment.
The operation principle of the present invention is as follows：
Be dipped in the semiconductor chilling plate 5 in water, after energization upper surface be huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles), above the huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) of semiconductor chilling plate 5 away from
In the water in altitude range from upper surface 5mm, form positive gradient temperature field, i.e., using the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate 5 as starting point,
Upward temperature gradually rises.Density of the water more than 4 DEG C is inversely proportional with temperature, and the density of water is bigger, and its refractive index is bigger,
I.e. water temperature is low, then refractive index is big, and graded region small big under refractive index is formed in the top of semiconductor chilling plate 5.Due to
Light is always downward to the laser beam directly over the big region deviation of refractive index, therefore semiconductor chilling plate 5 in transmitting procedure
Bending, makes the horizontal bands of center section on corresponding colour prime white skin of paint 4 recessed.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of light bending direction apparatus for demonstrating in positive gradient temperature field, is set built with the transparent of water on base (7)
The left side of transparent sink (3) outside, which is set, on tank (3), base (7) is provided with semiconductor laser (1) and cylindrical lens (2)
Laser stent (8), white paint layer (4) is coated with the right lateral surface of transparent sink (3), it is characterised in that：Transparent water
The semiconductor refrigerating plate rack (6) for being provided with semiconductor chilling plate (5), the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate (5) are set in groove (3)
For huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles), the upper surface of semiconductor chilling plate (5) is parallel with the front side wall of transparent sink (3) with plane-parallel, leading flank, and half
Conductor refrigeration plate rack (6) and semiconductor chilling plate (5) are immersed in the water, the center line and horizontal plane of cylindrical lens (2),
And be mutually perpendicular to the laser beam of laser emitting in same perpendicular.
2. a kind of experimental method of light bending direction apparatus for demonstrating in positive gradient temperature field described in usage right requirement 1,
It is characterized in that being made up of following step：
1) power supply of semiconductor laser (1) is connected, the outgoing light direction of synchronous adjustment semiconductor laser (1) and the face of cylinder are saturating
The position of mirror (2), makes laser beam transparent cylindrical lens (2) the formation fanning strip light of semiconductor laser (1) outgoing through saturating
Water in bright tank (3), projection forms horizontal bands on white paint layer (4)；
2) light beam track of the fanning strip light in water from tank front side wall level, adjustment fanning strip light and semiconductor chilling plate
(5) relative position between, makes surface of light beam track level of the fanning strip light in water by semiconductor chilling plate (5), fan
Plane where shape piece light is parallel with semiconductor chilling plate (5) upper surface, fanning strip optical thickness central plane and semiconductor chilling plate
(5) the distance between upper surface h is 2~2.5mm；
3) power supply of semiconductor chilling plate (5) is connected, the upper surface for making semiconductor chilling plate (5) is huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles), observes white paint
It is recessed in the middle part of the situation of change of horizontal bands on layer (4), the horizontal bands that analysis fanning strip light is projected on white paint layer (4)
With the relation of gradient temperature field direction above semiconductor chilling plate (5).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510360063.2A CN104933932B (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2015-06-25 | Light bending direction apparatus for demonstrating and experimental method in positive gradient temperature field |
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| CN201510360063.2A CN104933932B (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2015-06-25 | Light bending direction apparatus for demonstrating and experimental method in positive gradient temperature field |
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| CN104933932A CN104933932A (en) | 2015-09-23 |
| CN104933932B true CN104933932B (en) | 2017-10-20 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106290455B (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2019-03-05 | 陕西师范大学 | The optical observation experimental provision and experimental method of thermal conductivity of material difference |
| CN107256669B (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-06-28 | 陕西师范大学 | Track experimental demonstration device is transmitted in mirage phenomenon and bending of light |
| CN113178119A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-07-27 | 南开大学 | Non-uniform refractive index field construction device and mirage demonstration device |
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| JP2000242162A (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-09-08 | Toyo Eng Works Ltd | Natural phenomena observation device by temperature change of water |
| CN2722357Y (en) * | 2004-07-04 | 2005-08-31 | 梁玉祥 | Experimental device of light transmission, reflection and refraction |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2652250B2 (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1997-09-10 | 安次 北辻 | Experimental device for refraction of optical path by gas layer with density gradient |
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2015
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| JP2000242162A (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-09-08 | Toyo Eng Works Ltd | Natural phenomena observation device by temperature change of water |
| CN2722357Y (en) * | 2004-07-04 | 2005-08-31 | 梁玉祥 | Experimental device of light transmission, reflection and refraction |
| CN201549110U (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-08-11 | 广西师范大学 | Electric heating water type mirage wonders-simulating demonstrator |
| CN201812424U (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2011-04-27 | 陈健波 | Optical demonstration instrument presenting spatial optical path |
| CN202996151U (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2013-06-12 | 黑龙江工程学院 | Light reflection demonstration device for teaching |
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