CN106057037A - Real-time visual experiment device of influence of temperature difference on heat transfer speed and demonstration method - Google Patents
Real-time visual experiment device of influence of temperature difference on heat transfer speed and demonstration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106057037A CN106057037A CN201610617328.7A CN201610617328A CN106057037A CN 106057037 A CN106057037 A CN 106057037A CN 201610617328 A CN201610617328 A CN 201610617328A CN 106057037 A CN106057037 A CN 106057037A
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Abstract
The invention provides a real-time visual experiment device of the influence of a temperature difference on a heat transfer speed. A base is provided with a transparent water tank. The outer surface of the right side wall of the water tank is provided with an upper water tank, a middle water tank and a lower water tank from top to bottom. Thermal insulation layers are arranged between the upper water tank and the middle water tank and between the middle water tank and the lower water tank. The right side walls of the upper water tank, the middle water tank, and the lower water tank are provided with water injection pipes which are communicated with the insides of the three water tanks. The back side wall outer base of the water tank is provided with a light screen. The front side wall outer base is provided with a laser bracket which is provided with an upper semiconductor laser, a middle semiconductor laser and a lower semiconductor laser from top to bottom. The real-time visual experiment device has the advantages of a simple structure, low cost, convenient carrying, and an obvious phenomenon and is very suitable for the classroom demonstration of heat transfer theory teaching.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Experiment of Heat Transfer device technique field, the experiment installing being specifically related to heat transfer speed is standby.
Background technology
It is known that medium heat-transfer speed is determined by two factors, one is temperature difference, another thermal resistance.At same material
Material, identical heat conduction thickness, in the case of i.e. thermal resistance is identical, temperature difference is the biggest, and heat-transfer rate is the fastest；Corresponding identical in the temperature difference
In the case of, thermal resistance is the biggest, then heat-transfer rate is the slowest.This is exactly based on increase heat-insulation layer 6 thickness, strengthens the principle institute of heat insulation effect
?.Due to the not visible property of utilizing object conducting heat process, for the temperature difference, thermal resistance and the understanding of heat-transfer rate relation, impart knowledge to students at thermal conduction study
During usual resistance, voltage, electric current and mutual relation carry out analogy, but owing to the conduction speed of material is by electricity
Pressure, the restriction of resistance sizes, the most this simple analogy, often causes student's misunderstanding to the two physical essence.The temperature difference
It with the relation of heat-transfer rate, it is one of basic problem in thermal conduction study, it is achieved the real-time visual of the temperature difference and heat-transfer rate relation
Demonstration, significant in the teaching of thermal conduction study, but there is presently no and see this kind of experimental demonstration instrument.
Summary of the invention
A technical problem to be solved by this invention is the shortcoming overcoming above-mentioned prior art, it is provided that a kind of structure letter
The real-time visual experimental provision that heat transfer speed is affected by list, demonstrating visual, the temperature difference of good demonstration effect.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention is that providing a kind of uses the temperature difference to affect heat transfer speed
The experimental demonstration method of real-time visual experimental provision.
Solve above-mentioned technical problem to be the technical scheme is that and on base, be provided with transparent tank, on the right side of tank
Be provided with upper water box, middle water tank, lower header on the outer surface of wall from top to bottom, between upper water box and middle water tank, middle water tank with under
Be provided with heat-insulation layer between water tank, upper water box, middle water tank, lower header right side wall on be respectively arranged with and be connected in 3 water tanks
Logical water injection pipe, tank rear wall outer base is provided with in optical screen, front side wall outer base and is provided with laser stent, laser instrument
Semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument, middle semiconductor laser, lower semiconductor laser instrument, semiconductor-on-insulator laser from top to bottom it is provided with on support
Device, middle semiconductor laser, lower semiconductor laser instrument output laser beam at tank inner close fitting right side wall and with right side wall and
Plane-parallel passes through, and passed through tank rear wall and is incident upon on optical screen, formed the most point-blank three equidistant
From luminous point.
In the laser beam of the semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument of the present invention, middle semiconductor laser, lower semiconductor laser instrument output
The distance of axis and tank right side wall inner surface equal to lasing aperture radius length at this, semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument, in partly lead
The height of the laser beam distance tank bottom surface of body laser, lower semiconductor laser instrument output, respectively with corresponding upper water box, Zhong Shui
Case, lower header horizontal centre plan range tank bottom surface height identical.
The laser beam of the semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument of the present invention, middle semiconductor laser, lower semiconductor laser instrument output is positioned at
In the same vertical plane of base.
The upper water box of the present invention, middle water tank, lower header volume identical.
The test method of the present invention is made up of following step:
(1) in tank, fill it up with tap water, connect semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument, middle semiconductor laser, lower semiconductor laser
The power supply of device, adjusts semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument, middle semiconductor laser, the position of lower semiconductor laser instrument, observes in tap water
The track that laser beam passes through, makes laser beam be close to tank right side wall inner surface, is incident upon on optical screen, indicates three on optical screen
The position of laser projections luminous point；
(2) fill it up with the hot water of 50～60 DEG C in filling it up with the hot water of 80～90 DEG C, middle water tank in upper water box, add in lower header
The hot water of full 30～40 DEG C, tank right side wall both sides and upper water box, middle water tank, differing heights section that lower header is corresponding establish not
The same temperature difference, observes the change of shape of three laser projections luminous points on optical screen, it is achieved the visualization that heat-transfer rate is affected by the temperature difference is moved
State shows.
The present invention has filled not equality of temperature by coupling at differing heights on the tank right side wall outer surface fill tap water
The degree upper water box of hot water, middle water tank, lower header, form the different temperature difference in tank right side wall differing heights both sides.Will reflection difference
The size of thermograde in glass flume 1 sidewall of same thickness glass heat-transfer rate and tap water near interface water under the temperature difference,
Direction, shows with the size of laser beam deflection angle in tap water near interface water, deviation direction with by glass flume 1 sidewall
Existing.The size of laser beam deflection angle, deviation direction are further through the propagation direction and " the one of extension of laser projections luminous point on optical screen
Font " relative size of spot length manifests, and achieves under the different temperature difference with this, identical heat carrier heat-transfer rate difference
Real-time visual.
Present configuration is simple, low cost, easy to carry, phenomenon is obvious, is especially suitable for the class demonstration of thermal conduction study teaching.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the photo of three laser projections luminous points in embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 is that in embodiment 1, first semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument 10 outgoing laser beam projection luminous point on optical screen 8 expands to
The photo of in-line hot spot.
Fig. 6 be in embodiment 1 from top to bottom length successively decrease and with three in-line hot spot photos of plane-parallel.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in more detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not restricted to following enforcement
Example.
Embodiment 1
In Fig. 1,2,3, the real-time visual experimental provision that heat transfer speed is affected by the temperature difference of the present embodiment is by tank
1, upper water box 2, water injection pipe 3, middle water tank 4, lower header 5, heat-insulation layer 6, base 7, optical screen 8, laser stent 9, semiconductor-on-insulator swash
Light device 10, middle semiconductor laser 11, lower semiconductor laser instrument 12 couple composition.
Being placed with tank 1 on base 7, the tank 1 of the present embodiment is clear glass tank, outside tank 1 right side wall
Upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, a lower header 5 is had with the most bonding connection of glue, upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5 on surface
Volume is identical, is provided with heat-insulation layer 6, is provided with heat-insulation layer 6 between middle water tank 4 and lower header 5 between upper water box 2 and middle water tank 4,
Upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5 right side wall on be separately installed with water injection pipe 3,3 water injection pipes 3 respectively with upper water box 2, in
Being connected in water tank 4, lower header 5, water is added separately in upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5 from water injection pipe 3.
Being placed with optical screen 8 in the rear wall outer base 7 of tank 1, optical screen 8 is for imaging.Front side wall outer bottom at tank 1
Being placed with laser stent 9 on seat 7, laser stent 9 is from top to bottom fixedly connected with screw threads for fastening connector to be provided with
Semiconductor laser 10, middle semiconductor laser 11, lower semiconductor laser instrument 12, semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument 10, middle quasiconductor swash
The laser beam of light device 11, lower semiconductor laser instrument 12 output is positioned at the same vertical plane of base 7, semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument
10, middle semiconductor laser 11, lower semiconductor laser instrument 12 output laser beam, at tank 1 inner close fitting right side wall and with the right side
Sidewall and plane-parallel pass through, the output of semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument 10, middle semiconductor laser 11, lower semiconductor laser instrument 12
The axis of laser beam is equal to lasing aperture radius length at this with the distance of glass flume 1 right side wall inner surface.Upper half is led
The height of laser beam distance glass flume 1 bottom surface of body laser 10, middle semiconductor laser 11, lower semiconductor laser instrument 12 output
Degree, respectively with corresponding upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5 horizontal centre plan range tank 1 bottom surface height identical.Logical
Cross the semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument 10 of tank 1 front-rear side walls, middle semiconductor laser 11, the laser of lower semiconductor laser instrument 12 output
Bundle is incident upon on optical screen 8, forms three equidistant luminous points the most point-blank.
Use above-mentioned thermal resistance as follows with the experimental technique step of the real-time visual experimental provision of heat-transfer rate relation:
1, in tank 1, fill it up with tap water, connect semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument 10, middle semiconductor laser 11, lower semiconductor
The power supply of laser instrument 12, adjusts semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument 10, middle semiconductor laser 11, the position of lower semiconductor laser instrument 12,
Observe the track that in tap water, laser beam passes through, make laser beam be close to tank 1 right side wall inner surface, be incident upon on optical screen 8, at light
The position of three shown in sign picture 4 laser projections luminous point on screen 8.
2, in upper water box 2, fill it up with the hot water of 80～90 DEG C, fill it up with the hot water of 50～60 DEG C in middle water tank 4, in lower header 5
Filling it up with the hot water of 30～40 DEG C, tank 1 right side wall both sides and upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, differing heights section that lower header 5 is corresponding are built
Found the different temperature difference, observed three laser projections luminous points on optical screen 8 and change of shape as shown in Figure 5 occurs.
When the projection luminous point of optical screen 8 first occurs that change as shown in Figure 5, i.e. semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument 10 outgoing laser beam exist
Projection luminous point on optical screen 8, moves horizontally and expands to in-line hot spot to glass flume 1 direction, hot water in upper water box 2 is described
Heat be transmitted on the interface of tank 1 right side wall and tap water；See the laser that middle semiconductor laser 11 exports successively
Bundle projects luminous point on optical screen 8, moves horizontally and expand to in-line hot spot to tank 1 direction；Lower semiconductor laser instrument exports
Laser beam on optical screen 8, project luminous point, move horizontally and expand to in-line hot spot to tank 1 direction.Optical screen 8 is formed
Length from top to bottom shown in Fig. 6 is successively decreased and three in-line hot spots of plane-parallel.The elder generation that three in-line hot spots occur
Rear order and length scale, reflect in tank 1 right side wall both sides in uniform thickness, the temperature difference impact on glass heat-transfer rate.
By observing precedence and the length scale that 3 in-line hot spots occur, it is achieved that it is real-time that heat-transfer rate is affected by the temperature difference
Visual Dynamic shows.
The operation principle of the present invention is as follows:
The present invention has filled not equality of temperature by coupling at differing heights on the tank 1 right side wall outer surface fill tap water
The degree upper water box 2 of hot water, middle water tank 4, lower header 5, form the different temperature difference, see with this in tank 1 right side wall differing heights both sides
Survey the difference of medium heat conduction speed under identical thermal resistance, the different temperature difference.Due to upper water box 2 in this device, middle water tank 4, lower header 5
Fixing with the area of tank 1 common wall, therefore in upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5, hot water passes through tank 1 right side wall to water
In groove 1 tap water conduction heat speed, by glass flume 1 right side wall being connected with upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5 with
The thermograde size of tap water near interface determines.There is thermograde, explanation in tank 1 right side wall and tap water near interface
In upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5, hot water heat has been transmitted in tap water by tank 1 right side wall.On the right side of tank 1
In the case of wall thickness is uniform, the temperature difference of tank 1 right side wall both sides is the biggest, tank 1 right side wall and tap water near interface water
Thermograde is the most maximum, and the heat of unit interval conduction is most, i.e. heat transfer rate is the fastest.Vice versa.
Tank 1 right side wall and the temperature gradient field of tap water near interface water, define corresponding graded index field.Water
Temperature eminence refractive index is little, and water temperature lower refractive index is big.Due to when light transmits in graded index field to the district that refractive index is big
Territory deviation, refractive index gradient is the biggest, and the deviation angle of light is the biggest.Therefore, by tank 1 right side wall and tap water near interface
During gradient temperature field in water, will be to the relatively low tap water region direction deviation of water temperature.
The temperature difference of the both sides, tank 1 right side wall top owing to being connected with upper water box 2 is maximum, tank 1 right side wall top with
The temperature gradient formed in the water of tap water near interface is maximum, and the heat-transfer rate on tank 1 right side wall top is the fastest, leads to accordingly
The deviation crossing semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument 10 outgoing laser beam at this is maximum.At synchronization, with middle water tank 4, being connected of lower header 5
Glass flume 1 right side wall in the middle part of, the temperature difference of both sides, bottom be sequentially reduced, in the middle part of tank 1 right side wall and bottom and hydrosphere from the beginning
The temperature gradient formed in water near face is also sequentially reduced, by the middle semiconductor laser 11 of relevant position, lower semiconductor
The deflection angle of laser instrument 12 outgoing laser beam is the most just sequentially reduced.
It is believed that laser beam is formed by many parallel ray sets, in same laser beam, different light are by tank 1
Right side wall is different from the thermograde of tap water near interface, the biggest the closer to the thermograde in tank 1 right side wall water, laser
In bundle maximum near the light deviation to the left at tank 1 right side wall, from the maximum deflection of light of tank 1 right side wall distance
Little so that the luminous point on original optical screen 8, expand to in-line hot spot.Difference is added in upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, lower header 5
After the hot water of temperature, hot water heat by with upper water box 2, middle water tank 4, differing heights section that lower header 5 is corresponding tank 1 on the right side of
Wall is transmitted to the tap water in glass flume 1, by the semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument 10 of corresponding height, middle semiconductor laser 11,
The laser beam of lower semiconductor laser instrument 12 output projection luminous point on optical screen 8, successively expands to in-line hot spot, by observing
Originally three luminous points on optical screen 8 expand to time order and function and the length scale of in-line hot spot to the left, it is achieved that identical thermal resistance,
The Real time dynamic display of heat-transfer rate difference under different temperature difference sizes, the propagation direction of the luminous point on optical screen 8 is heat transfer
Direction.
Claims (5)
1. the real-time visual experimental provision that heat transfer speed is affected by a temperature difference, it is characterised in that: in the upper setting of base (7)
There is transparent tank (1), the outer surface of tank (1) right side wall is provided with upper water box (2), middle water tank (4), lower water from top to bottom
Case (5), between upper water box (2) and middle water tank (4), is provided with heat-insulation layer (6), upper water box between middle water tank (4) and lower header (5)
(2), it is respectively arranged with on the right side wall of middle water tank (4), lower header (5) and the water injection pipe (3) that is connected in 3 water tanks, tank
(1) it is provided with in rear wall outer base (7) in optical screen (8), front side wall outer base (7) and is provided with laser stent (9), laser instrument
Semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument (10), middle semiconductor laser (11), lower semiconductor laser instrument from top to bottom it is provided with on support (9)
(12) laser beam that, semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument (10), middle semiconductor laser (11), lower semiconductor laser instrument (1) export is from water
Pass through at groove (1) inner close fitting right side wall and with right side wall and plane-parallel, passed through tank (1) rear wall and be incident upon optical screen
(8), on, three equidistant luminous points the most point-blank are formed.
The real-time visual experimental provision that heat transfer speed is affected by the temperature difference the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The laser beam that described semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument (10), middle semiconductor laser (11), lower semiconductor laser instrument (12) export
Axis is equal to lasing aperture radius length at this, semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument with the distance of tank (1) right side wall inner surface
(10), middle semiconductor laser (11), lower semiconductor laser instrument (12) export laser beam distance tank (1) bottom surface height,
Respectively with corresponding upper water box (2), middle water tank (4), the height phase of lower header (5) horizontal centre plan range tank (1) bottom surface
With.
The real-time visual experimental provision that heat transfer speed is affected by the temperature difference the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The laser beam position that described semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument (10), middle semiconductor laser (11), lower semiconductor laser instrument (12) export
In the same vertical plane of base 7.
The real-time visual experimental provision that heat transfer speed is affected by the temperature difference the most according to claim 1 and 2, its feature exists
In: described upper water box (2), middle water tank (4), lower header (5) volume identical.
5. using an experimental technique for claim 1 thermal resistance and the real-time visual experimental provision of heat-transfer rate relation, it is special
Levy and be that the method is made up of following step:
(1) filling it up with tap water in tank (1), connection semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument (10), middle semiconductor laser (11), lower half are led
The power supply of body laser (12), adjusts semiconductor-on-insulator laser instrument (10), middle semiconductor laser (11), lower semiconductor laser instrument
(12) position, observes the track that in tap water, laser beam passes through, makes laser beam be close to tank (1) right side wall inner surface, projection
On optical screen (8), optical screen (8) indicates the position of three laser projections luminous points；
(2) hot water of 50～60 DEG C, lower header are filled it up with in filling it up with the hot water of 80～90 DEG C, middle water tank (4) in upper water box (2)
(5) filling it up with the hot water of 30～40 DEG C in, tank (1) right side wall both sides and upper water box (2), middle water tank (4), lower header (5) are corresponding
Differing heights section establish the different temperature difference, observe the change of shape of optical screen (8) upper three laser projections luminous points, it is achieved the temperature difference pair
The Visual Dynamic of heat-transfer rate impact shows.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610617328.7A CN106057037B (en) | 2016-07-30 | 2016-07-30 | The real-time visual experimental provision and demenstration method that the temperature difference influences heat transfer speed |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610617328.7A CN106057037B (en) | 2016-07-30 | 2016-07-30 | The real-time visual experimental provision and demenstration method that the temperature difference influences heat transfer speed |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106057037A true CN106057037A (en) | 2016-10-26 |
| CN106057037B CN106057037B (en) | 2018-12-04 |
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| JPH0396984A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1991-04-22 | Yasutsugu Kitatsuji | Refraction experimentation device for optical path by gas layer having density gradient |
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| CN104992601A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-10-21 | 陕西师范大学 | Experiment apparatus and experiment method for light transmission thermal lens effect in non-uniform temperature field |
| CN105047054A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-11-11 | 陕西师范大学 | Experiment device and method for the relation between light bending and temperature gradient direction |
-
2016
- 2016-07-30 CN CN201610617328.7A patent/CN106057037B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0396984A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1991-04-22 | Yasutsugu Kitatsuji | Refraction experimentation device for optical path by gas layer having density gradient |
| US20020085172A1 (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-04 | Altmann Griffith E. | Lens-eye model and method for predicting in-vivo lens performance |
| CN2837964Y (en) * | 2005-09-22 | 2006-11-15 | 李建民 | Fully transparent thermotube research and tutorial appliance |
| CN201130448Y (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2008-10-08 | 包莹 | Combined device for demonstration of thermotics experiment |
| CN201812424U (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2011-04-27 | 陈健波 | Optical demonstration instrument presenting spatial optical path |
| CN201974997U (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-09-14 | 上海市向明中学 | Heat exchange demonstrator |
| CN104992600A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-10-21 | 陕西师范大学 | Experiment apparatus for establishing gradient temperature field in water |
| CN104992601A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-10-21 | 陕西师范大学 | Experiment apparatus and experiment method for light transmission thermal lens effect in non-uniform temperature field |
| CN105047054A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-11-11 | 陕西师范大学 | Experiment device and method for the relation between light bending and temperature gradient direction |
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