CN106046222B - 一种还原氧化石墨烯/BiVO4为光引发剂的原子转移自由基聚合反应制备聚合物的方法 - Google Patents
一种还原氧化石墨烯/BiVO4为光引发剂的原子转移自由基聚合反应制备聚合物的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种还原氧化石墨烯/BiVO4为光引发剂的原子转移自由基聚合反应制备聚合物的方法。具体的说，采用还原氧化石墨烯/BiVO4为光引发剂引发甲基丙烯酸甲酯类、苯乙烯类、丙烯酸甲酯类单体进行原子转移自由基聚合反应。该反应可以在室温下进行，聚合反应具有活性聚合特征，本发明提供一种工艺简单，成本低，节能的原子转移自由基聚合技术。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种还原氧化石墨烯/BiVO4为光引发剂在有氧无氧条件下的原子转移自由基聚合反应制备聚合物的方法。
背景技术
钒酸铋光催化剂（BiVO4）是一种环境友好、色泽明亮、不含铅的无机染料，具有着色性好、室外耐久性好和色浓度高等优良特性。BiVO4属半导体，是一种重要的可见光响应型光催化剂。但是BiVO4光催化剂在实际应用中也有许多缺陷及局限性，通过掺杂改性可使光催化剂的光吸收范围扩展，加速光生载流子的迁移，实现电子空穴的有效分离，提高光催化剂的光催化活性。石墨烯是具有sp2杂化轨道的二维碳原子晶体，具有优异的导电性和化学稳定性，使其成为一种很好的传递电子和空穴的多功能材料，利用石墨烯，特别是还原氧化石墨烯，对传统的钒酸铋光催化剂进行修饰，可以提高钒酸铋光催化剂的光催化性能。
合成结构精确可控聚合物是高分子化学研究的重要目标之一。从实用的领域来看，探索出在较为温和的条件下能够进行快速原子转移自由基聚合技术仍然是人们研究的重点。而光感应聚合的特点就是反应的活化能低，可以在较大范围的温度下反应，特别适用于对温度敏感的单体及低温聚合。光感应聚合是一种能量效率很高的反应，所以具有很大的应用前景。
光引发剂是光聚合体系非常重要的组成部分。适用性强的光引发剂应该具有以下一些优势：1.是价格低，便宜，并且制备简单。2.无毒无味不易变性。3.与光源匹配，吸光度高。4.非常好的聚合引发的效率。经过还原氧化石墨烯修饰的具有上述几个优点，因而应用在光诱导的原子转移自由基聚合反应。
发明内容
本发明需要解决的技术问题是，一方面克服原子转移自由基聚合温度高、能耗大的局限性，另一方面，现有光聚合反应中光引发剂的一些不足之处，提供一种在自然光或者紫外光照射下的原子转移自由基的聚合体系。
本发明涉及一种还原氧化石墨烯/BiVO4为光引发剂的原子转移自由基聚合反应制备聚合物的方法，其特征在于无氧及有氧条件下的还原氧化石墨烯/BiVO4光诱导原子转移自由基聚合反应。
具体实施方案：
实施例1：
称取1.000 g（100 mmol）甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体、0.0243 g （1 mmol）α-溴苯乙酸甲酯、0.0002 g （0.01 mmol）溴化铜、0.0007 g （0.03 mmol）六甲基三亚乙基四胺加入到含有10 ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的三口瓶中，室温下超声分散，加入0.03mg的还原氧化石墨烯/BiVO4，充氮排氧，在室温，置于紫外光照射下进行甲基丙烯酸甲酯的原子转移自由基聚合，光照射24小时。反应结束后，得到目标产物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯。采用重量法测其转化率为85.3%，用凝胶渗透色谱分析其分子量为Mn,GPC=11000 g/mol，聚合分散度PDI=1.34。
实施例2：
称取1.0414 g （100 mmol）苯乙烯单体、0.0167（1 mmol）2-溴丙酸甲酯、0.0002 g（0.01 mmol）溴化铜、0.0003 g（0.02 mmol）五甲基二乙烯基三胺加入到含有10 ml 苯甲醚的三口瓶中，室温下超声分散，加入0.03mg的还原氧化石墨烯/BiVO4，充氮排氧，在室温、光照下反应24小时。反应得到目标产物聚苯乙烯。采用重量法测其转化率为73.8%，用凝胶渗透色谱分析其分子量为Mn,GPC=9900 g/mol，聚合分散度PDI=1.33。
实施例3：
称取1.3014 g （100 mmol）甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯单体、0.0167（1 mmol）2-溴丙酸甲酯、0.0027 g（0.01 mmol）六水合氯化铁、0.0004 g（0.03 mmol）三（2-氨基乙基胺）加入到含有10 ml N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的三口瓶中，室温下超声分散，加入0.03mg的还原氧化石墨烯/BiVO4，充氮排氧，在室温、光照下反应20小时。得到聚合产物聚甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯。采用重量法测其转化率为67.3%，用凝胶渗透色谱分析其分子量为Mn,GPC=11200 g/mol，聚合分散度PDI=1.26。
实施例4：
称取0.8609 g（100 mmol）丙烯酸甲酯单体、0.0243 g （1 mmol）α-溴苯乙酸甲酯、0.0002 g（0.01 mmol）无水氯化铁、0.0007 g （0.03 mmol）六甲基三亚乙基四胺加入到含有10 ml 二甲亚砜的三口瓶中，室温下超声分散，加入0.03mg的还原氧化石墨烯/BiVO4，充氮除氧，室温下置于光照射进行原子转移自由基聚合，光照射反应18小时。反应得到目标产物聚丙烯酸甲酯。采用重量法测其转化率为81.2%，用凝胶渗透色谱分析其分子量为Mn,GPC=9700 g/mol，聚合分散度PDI=1.23。
Claims (8)
1.一种还原氧化石墨烯/BiVO4为光引发剂的原子转移自由基聚合反应制备聚合物的方法，其特征在于将可进行自由基聚合的单体、原子转移自由基引发剂、金属催化剂、配体、光引发剂置于三口反应烧瓶中，超声分散，自然光或者紫外光照射下进行原子转移自由基聚合反应，反应结束后，得到分子量及分子量分布可以控制的聚合物，所述的光引发剂为还原氧化石墨烯/BiVO4。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：将单体、原子转移自由基引发剂、金属催化剂、配体溶于溶剂中，再加入还原氧化石墨烯/BiVO4，超声分散，充氮脱氧，反应温度在室温-60度，照射时间5-24小时。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述的单体是甲基丙烯酸甲酯，甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯，丙烯酸甲酯，苯乙烯，丙烯酰胺中的一种。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述原子转移自由基引发剂是2,2-二氯苯乙酮、α-溴苯乙酸甲酯，2-溴丙酸甲酯中的一种。
5.如权利1所述的方法，其特征在于所述金属催化剂是无水氯化铁，六水合氯化铁，溴化铜中的一种。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述配体是六甲基三亚乙基四胺，三（2-氨基乙基）胺，五甲基二乙烯基三胺中的一种。
7.如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于所述溶剂是N,N-二甲基甲酰胺，苯甲醚，二甲亚砜，乙腈中的一种。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于所述可进行自由基聚合的单体、原子转移自由基引发剂、金属催化剂、配体的摩尔比为（100-600）：（1-3）：（0.01-0.5）：（0.02-2）。
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