CN106042518A - 防辐射铅钢复合板 - Google Patents
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000003471 anti-radiation Effects 0.000 title abstract 6
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- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] CMIHHWBVHJVIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000004223 radioprotective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H lead(2+);dicarbonate;dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[Pb+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O RYZCLUQMCYZBJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052949 galena Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Pb]=S XCAUINMIESBTBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003197 gene knockdown Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940116364 hard fat Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940046892 lead acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002611 lead compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005355 lead glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead sulfate Chemical compound [PbH4+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical group CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C11/00—Alloys based on lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/02—2 layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/212—Electromagnetic interference shielding
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种防辐射铅钢复合板，由钢板和铅板焊接而成。所述的铅板由下述重量份的原料制备而成：铅粉95‑105份、二氧化钛5‑15份、稀土添加物0.5‑5份、金属粉添加物1‑10份。本发明防辐射铅钢复合板，结构简单，成本低，节能环保，合成板材性能优越，对于放射线的防护强，对于人体保护更加有利，方便大家使用，是一种实用的防辐射材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及防辐射铅玻璃技术领域，尤其涉及一种防辐射铅钢复合板。
背景技术
随着工农业生产、国防科研、放射医学和原子能工业的迅速发展，各种射线的使用日益广泛。我们在利用射线的同时，还应注意到射线的危害性。射线对生物机体的作用效果或称射线的生物效应，主要是由于射线与机体中水分子作用而产生了强氧化剂，这种强氧化剂进一步与机体作用产生一系列的生物化学作用(如使机体中许多大分子发生氧化)而造成的。射线对机体的直接电离与激发所造成的生物效应并不严重。射线对人体的危害总的来说有两个方面：一是躯体损伤，指受照者本人的损伤，另一是遗传损伤，指对受照者后代的损伤。但并不是人体受到的任何剂量的照射都可造成损伤，一定的损伤需要一定的剂量才能引起。
铅在地壳中含量不大，自然界中存在很少量的天然铅。但由于含铅矿物聚集，溶点又很低，使铅在远古时代就被人们所利用了方铅矿直到今天都是人们提取铅的主要来源。远古时代人们偶然把方铅矿投进篝火中，它首先被烧成氧化物，然后受到碳的还原，形成了金属铅。
铅广泛应用于各种工业，大量用来制造蓄电池；在制酸工业和冶金工业上用铅板、铅管作衬里保护设备；电气工业中作电缆包皮和焰断保险丝。含锆、铺的铅合金用作印刷活字，铅锆合金用于制造易熔铅焊条，铅板和镀铅锆薄钢板用于建筑工业。铅对X射线γ和射线有良好的吸收性，广泛用作光机和原子能装置的保护材料。汽油内加入四乙基铅可提高其辛烧值。用作颜料的铅化合物有铅白、铅丹、铅黄、密陀僧等。盐基性硫酸铅、憐酸铅和硬脂酸铅用作聚氯乙稀的稳定剂。还用在橡胶、玻璃、陶瓷工业，醋酸铅则用于医药部门。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述不足，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种防辐射铅钢复合板。
本发明目的是通过如下技术方案实现的：
一种防辐射铅钢复合板，由钢板和铅板焊接而成。
优选地，所述的铅板由下述重量份的原料制备而成：铅粉95-105份、二氧化钛5-15份、稀土添加物0.5-5份、金属粉添加物1-10份。
优选地，所述的稀土添加物为氧化镨、氧化钐、氧化钆中一种或多种的混合物。
更优选地，所述的稀土添加物由氧化镨、氧化钐、氧化钆混合而成，所述氧化镨、氧化钐、氧化钆的质量比为(1-3)：(1-3)：(1-3)。
优选地，所述的金属粉添加物为钇粉、锆粉、银粉中一种或多种的混合物。
更优选地，所述的金属粉添加物由钇粉、锆粉、银粉混合而成，所述钇粉、锆粉、银粉的质量比为(1-3)：(1-3)：(1-3)。
优选地，所述的焊接为爆炸焊接或过渡液相焊接。
优选地，所述的钢板可以为购买或制备得到，也可以采用专利申请号201310002259.5中示例1的方法制备。
优选地，所述的钢板的厚度为3-30mm。
优选地，所述的铅板的厚度为2-20mm。
本发明防辐射铅钢复合板，结构简单，成本低，节能环保，合成板材性能优越，对于放射线的防护强，对于人体保护更加有利，方便大家使用，是一种实用的新型防辐射材料。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明，以下所述，仅是对本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明做其他形式的限制，任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更为同等变化的等效实施例。凡是未脱离本发明方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以下实施例所做的任何简单修改或等同变化，均落在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例中各原料介绍：
铅粉，CAS号：7439-92-1，粒径20-40μm。
二氧化钛，CAS号：13463-67-7，粒径20-40nm。
氧化镨，CAS号：12037-29-5，粒径20-40nm。
氧化钐，CAS号：12060-58-1，粒径20-40nm。
氧化钆，CAS号：12064-62-9，粒径20-40nm。
钇粉，CAS号：7440-65-5，粒径20-40nm。
锆粉，CAS号：7440-67-7，粒径20-40nm。
银粉，CAS号：7440-22-4，粒径20-40nm。
实施例1
铅板原料(重量份)：铅粉100份、二氧化钛7份、稀土添加物1.5份、金属粉添加物3份。
所述的稀土添加物由氧化镨、氧化钐、氧化钆按质量比为1：1：1混合均匀得到。
所述的金属粉添加物由钇粉、锆粉、银粉按质量比为1：1：1混合均匀得到。
铅板制备：将铅粉置于400℃的加热炉中融化，然后加入二氧化钛、稀土添加物、金属粉添加物混合均匀后进行轧制，轧制的开轧温度为310℃、终轧温度为180℃，轧制速度为3m/s，轧制后进行冷却，冷却速度为4℃/s、冷却后的终温度为40℃。铅板厚度为2mm，长度为1000mm，宽度为800mm。
钢板按照专利申请号201310002259.5中示例1的方法制备。钢板厚度为12mm，长度为980mm，宽度为780mm。
防辐射铅钢复合板制备：将钢板和铅板进行爆炸焊接，爆炸焊接按照专利申请号201010592915.8中实施例1的方法进行。得到实施例1的防辐射铅钢复合板。
实施例2
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅仅在于：所述的稀土添加物由氧化钐、氧化钆按质量比为1：1混合均匀得到。得到实施例2的防辐射铅钢复合板。
实施例3
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅仅在于：所述的稀土添加物由氧化镨、氧化钆按质量比为1：1混合均匀得到。得到实施例3的防辐射铅钢复合板。
实施例4
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅仅在于：所述的稀土添加物由氧化镨、氧化钐按质量比为1：1混合均匀得到。得到实施例4的防辐射铅钢复合板。
实施例5
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅仅在于：所述的金属粉添加物由锆粉、银粉按质量比为1：1混合均匀得到。得到实施例5的防辐射铅钢复合板。
实施例6
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅仅在于：所述的金属粉添加物由钇粉、银粉按质量比为1：1混合均匀得到。得到实施例6的防辐射铅钢复合板。
实施例7
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅仅在于：所述的金属粉添加物由钇粉、锆粉按质量比为1：1混合均匀得到。得到实施例7的防辐射铅钢复合板。
对比例1
与实施例1基本相同，区别仅仅在于：铅板原料(重量份)：铅粉100份、二氧化钛7份。得到对比例1的防辐射铅钢复合板。
测试例1
对实施例1-7制得的铅板和对比例1制得的铅板进行防辐射能力测试。按照核工业国家标准EJ/T793-1993，样品厚度分别为2mm，用医用凝胶型锝[99mTC]发生器分别测定通过对比例1的铅板和实施例1-7制得的铅板的计数值，然后计算实施例1-7的铅板相对于对比例1的铅板防辐射能力的提高率，提高率计算方法为：实施例1-7的计数值减去对比例1的计数值取绝对值后除以对比例1的计数值，再乘以100％。具体结果见表1。
表1：防辐射能力测试结果表 单位：％
| 提高率 | |
| 实施例1 | 18.7 |
| 实施例2 | 14.1 |
| 实施例3 | 15.5 |
| 实施例4 | 14.3 |
| 实施例5 | 16.8 |
| 实施例6 | 16.4 |
| 实施例7 | 17.2 |
比较实施例1与实施例2-4，实施例1(氧化镨、氧化钐、氧化钆复配)防辐射性能明显优于实施例2-4(氧化镨、氧化钐、氧化钆中任意二者复配)。比较实施例1与实施例5-7，实施例1(钇粉、锆粉、银粉复配)防辐射性能明显优于实施例5-7(钇粉、锆粉、银粉中任意二者复配)。
测试例2
对实施例1-7制得的防辐射铅钢复合板进行耐蚀性能测试。测试方法参照梁方的硕士论文《铅-钢层状复合材料制备及其性能研究》中第21页和第22页所示方法测定。实施例1-7制得的防辐射铅钢复合板在3mol/L的硫酸水溶液中经过500小时电解后的耐腐蚀情况。测试结果见表2。
表2：透光率测试结果表单位：g/m2·h
比较实施例1与实施例2-4，实施例1(氧化镨、氧化钐、氧化钆复配)耐蚀性能明显优于实施例2-4(氧化镨、氧化钐、氧化钆中任意二者复配)。比较实施例1与实施例5-7，实施例1(钇粉、锆粉、银粉复配)耐蚀性能明显优于实施例5-7(钇粉、锆粉、银粉中任意二者复配)。
Claims (9)
1.一种防辐射铅钢复合板，其特征在于，由钢板和铅板焊接而成。
2.如权利要求1所述的防辐射铅钢复合板，其特征在于：所述的铅板由下述重量份的原料制备而成：铅粉95-105份、二氧化钛5-15份、稀土添加物0.5-5份、金属粉添加物1-10份。
3.如权利要求2所述的防辐射铅钢复合板，其特征在于：所述的稀土添加物为氧化镨、氧化钐、氧化钆中一种或多种的混合物。
4.如权利要求3所述的防辐射铅钢复合板，其特征在于：所述的稀土添加物由氧化镨、氧化钐、氧化钆混合而成，所述氧化镨、氧化钐、氧化钆的质量比为(1-3)：(1-3)：(1-3)。
5.如权利要求2-4中任一项所述的防辐射铅钢复合板，其特征在于：所述的金属粉添加物为钇粉、锆粉、银粉中一种或多种的混合物。
6.如权利要求5所述的防辐射铅钢复合板，其特征在于：所述的金属粉添加物由钇粉、锆粉、银粉混合而成，所述钇粉、锆粉、银粉的质量比为(1-3)：(1-3)：(1-3)。
7.如权利要求2-4中任一项所述的防辐射铅钢复合板，其特征在于：所述的焊接为爆炸焊接或过渡液相焊接。
8.如权利要求2-4中任一项所述的防辐射铅钢复合板，其特征在于：所述的钢板的厚度为3-30mm。
9.如权利要求2-4中任一项所述的防辐射铅钢复合板，其特征在于：所述的铅板的厚度为2-20mm。
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