CN106041062A - 一种防止钕铁硼烧结磁体变形的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防止钕铁硼烧结磁体变形的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106041062A
CN106041062A CN201610391132.0A CN201610391132A CN106041062A CN 106041062 A CN106041062 A CN 106041062A CN 201610391132 A CN201610391132 A CN 201610391132A CN 106041062 A CN106041062 A CN 106041062A
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高学绪
曹帅
包小倩
李纪恒
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    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/004Filling molds with powder
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02Compacting only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02Compacting only
    • B22F3/04Compacting only by applying fluid pressure, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing [CIP]
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    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10Sintering only
    • B22F3/1003Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
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    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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    • B22FWORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/248Thermal after-treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22F2202/05Use of magnetic field
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防止钕铁硼烧结磁体变形的制备方法,属于稀土永磁材料领域。其特征在于:在制备烧结钕铁硼永磁材料的“磁场取向与压型”阶段,将钕铁硼粉末颗粒倒入底端开有圆形凹槽的模具中,且粉末倒满型腔后,顶部粉末无需刮平,保持其自然注型状态,进而直接取向压型获得坯体,随后进行等静压、烧结致密化并回火热处理得到磁体。本发明的优点在于,既避免了刮具粘粉导致刮粉时表面不均匀,又可使坯体芯部产生一定的应力,与压型过程中粉末与模具内壁摩擦而导致的坯体外部应力相抵消,避免钕铁硼坯体密度不均匀及出现裂纹,避免烧结后磁体翘角、凹凸等变形。

Description

一种防止钕铁硼烧结磁体变形的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于稀土永磁材料领域,特别涉及一种防止钕铁硼烧结磁体变形的制备方法。
背景技术
被誉为“磁王”的烧结钕铁硼永磁材料已成为电力、电讯、汽车、计算机、生物医学及家用电器等领域的核心功能材料。烧结钕铁硼的制作工艺流程一般包括配料、熔炼、氢爆、制粉、取向与压型、烧结、回火及后加工。其中,压型的目的是在外加压力的作用下,使微米级的粉末成为具有预定的几何形状、尺寸、密度的半成品。传统的压型过程,当钕铁硼粉末注满模具型腔时,会用刮具将粉末与模具端口刮平,但由于刮具易粘粉末颗粒,很难将粉末颗粒刮均匀,刮粉过程繁琐且刮粉效果水平因人而异,这势必会成为生产过程中的不稳定因素。
由于在压型过程中,随着压制深度的增加,模具内壁与粉末之间的摩擦力呈指数递增,导致钕铁硼生坯外层产生一定的应力,而内层应力变化相对较小,并由于粉末相对运动等因素,压制成型的钕铁硼生坯的内外层之间会存在应力差,并伴随有密度分布不均匀,易使钕铁硼生坯出现裂纹,且在随后的烧结、回火等工艺阶段,由于收缩或应力释放等效应,使得坯体产生翘角、凹凸等变形。
因此,如何进一步优化取向与压型的工艺方法,简化繁琐工艺路线,以使其坯体应力分布和密度分布均匀,避免烧结钕铁硼产生裂纹、翘角、凹凸等变形,是目前本领域技术人员亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明目的是为了解决现有钕铁硼粉取向与压型技术中,由于刮具粘粉且易受人为因素影响,粉末注满模具型腔后难以刮平,且压型过程中坯体外层与模具内壁产生摩擦应力,从而使坯体内外产生应力差以及密度分布不均匀,最终导致烧结钕铁硼产生裂纹、翘角、凹凸等变形的问题。
一种防止钕铁硼烧结磁体变形的制备方法,其特征在于:在制备烧结钕铁硼永磁材料的“磁场取向与压型”阶段,将钕铁硼粉末颗粒倒入底端开有均匀圆形凹槽的模具中,且粉末倒满型腔后,顶部粉末无需刮平,保持其自然注型状态即沙漏沙峰形态,进而直接取向压型获得坯体,最后进行等静压、烧结致密化并回火热处理得到磁体。
具体工艺步骤为:
1).将粒径为3-5微米的钕铁硼粉末颗粒倒入底端开有均匀圆形凹槽的模具中,注满模具型腔且保持自然注型状态,如附图1;
2).将装有粉料的模具在1.5-2.0T的磁场中充分取向并压型,获得初坯;
3).将初坯用塑料膜真空封装,随后放入液压装置中进行等静压,得到压坯;
4).低氧环境下剥去坯体上的塑料膜,在1050-1150℃下高真空烧结2-5h;
5).烧结后的磁体在850-950℃和450-600℃分别高真空回火2-4h,得到最终磁体。
进一步,所述的底端开有均匀圆形凹槽的模具,圆形凹槽最大直径长度为模具底边最短边长的0.3-1.0倍,凹槽最大深度为凹槽最大直径长度的0.1-0.3倍。
本发明中,模具底端开有均匀圆形凹槽,且注粉后顶部不刮平,既避免了刮具粘粉导致刮粉不均匀,还可使压型过程中坯体芯部产生一定的应力,与压型过程中粉末与模具内壁摩擦而导致的坯体外部应力相抵消,避免钕铁硼坯体密度不均匀性及出现裂纹,避免烧结后磁体出现翘角、凹凸等变形。
本发明的优点在于:不仅省去了刮粉的工艺步骤,而且漫出的粉末使坯体芯部产生的应力,与粉末与模具内壁摩擦产生的应力相抵消,避免钕铁硼坯体密度不均匀性及出现裂纹,避免烧结后磁体出现翘角、凹凸等变形。
附图说明
图1取向压型模具及粉末注型状态示意图
具体实施方式
实施例1:
将粒径为3.5μm、成分为Nd29.5Fe69.1Ga0.2Nb0.2B1.0的钕铁硼粉末颗粒,倒入底端开有均匀圆形凹槽的模具中(规则长方体部分8cm×8cm×3cm,圆形凹槽位于底面中心且最大直径为φ5cm,凹槽最大深度为0.5cm),注满模具型腔后保持自然注型状态;在1.8T的磁场下取向并压型得到初坯;将初坯用塑料膜真空封装,随后放入液压装置中进行冷等静压;剥去坯体上的塑料膜,并将坯体在1080℃下高真空烧结3h;将烧结磁体在900℃和500℃分别高真空回火2h;得到的烧结钕铁硼永磁材料,保持规则长方体形状,无凹凸或翘角现象。
实施例2:
将粒径为3.0μm、成分为(NdPr)30.0Fe68.9Cu0.2Zr0.2B1.0的钕铁硼粉末颗粒倒入底端开有均匀圆形凹槽的模具中(规则长方体部分10cm×10cm×5cm,圆形凹槽位于底面中心且最大直径为φ6cm,凹槽最大深度为1.0cm),注满模具型腔后保持自然注型状态;在1.8T的磁场下取向并压型得到初坯;将初坯用塑料膜真空封装,随后放入液压装置中进行冷等静压;剥去坯体上的塑料膜,并将坯体在1080℃下高真空烧结3h;将烧结磁体在900℃和500℃分别高真空回火2h;得到的烧结钕铁硼永磁材料,保持规则长方体形状,无凹凸或翘角现象。

Claims (3)

1.一种防止钕铁硼烧结磁体变形的制备方法,其特征在于:在制备烧结钕铁硼永磁材料的“磁场取向与压型”阶段,将钕铁硼粉末颗粒倒入底端开有均匀圆形凹槽的模具中,且粉末倒满型腔后,顶部粉末无需刮平,保持其自然注型即“沙漏沙峰”形状,取向压型获得坯体,最后进行等静压、烧结致密化并回火热处理得到磁体。
2.如权利要求1所述一种防止钕铁硼烧结磁体变形的制备方法,其特征在于:具体工艺步骤为:
1).将粒径为3-5微米的钕铁硼粉末颗粒倒入底端开有均匀圆形凹槽的模具中,注满模具型腔且保持自然注型状态;
2).将装有粉料的模具在1.5-2.0T的磁场中充分取向并压型,获得初坯;
3).将初坯用塑料膜真空封装,随后放入液压装置中进行等静压,得到压坯;
4).低氧环境下剥去坯体上的塑料膜,在1050-1150℃下高真空烧结2-5h;
5).烧结后的磁体在850-950℃和450-600℃分别高真空回火2-4h,得到最终磁体。
3.如权利要求1或2所述一种防止钕铁硼烧结磁体变形的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的底端开有均匀圆形凹槽的模具,圆形凹槽最大直径长度为模具底边最短边长的0.3-1.0倍,凹槽最大深度为凹槽最大直径长度的0.1-0.3倍。
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CN115007859B (zh) * 2022-06-23 2024-05-03 宁波京甬磁业有限公司 一种钕铁硼磁铁的成型取向工艺

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