CN106024420A - 一种含石墨烯的储能聚合物电极片的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含石墨烯的储能聚合物电极片的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种含石墨烯的储能聚合物电极片的制备方法,石墨烯与聚合物在线组装成储能聚合物电极片,具体包括:制备石墨烯;将石墨烯和胶黏剂混合、研磨均匀,得到储能胶乳;将单体、引发剂、助剂混合,预聚制得低分子预聚物,预聚物溶解或熔融制成聚合成膜或片;将储能胶乳在线喷涂或涂覆在聚合物膜或片上,复合成储能片,干燥;将干燥的储能片切割、裁剪成电极片。本发明的有益效果是:电极片制备工艺简单,成本低廉,产品可环保回收再利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料科学领域,一种含石墨烯的储能聚合物电极片的制备方法。
背景技术
现代科技社会要求大规模使用和存贮能量,为此使用了大大小小的系统。电能能够以两种截然不同的方式存贮,一种间接方式是作为潜在可用的化学能,存贮在电池里,这种存贮方式需要感应电流氧化并使电化学活性反应物减少;另一种直接的方式,是感应电流的,以静电学形式将电荷置于电容器不同极板之间存贮电能。
有感应电流和无感应电流的系统中,在可逆性方面存在很大区别,在电容器存贮电能时,如极额电荷过多就开始放电,电荷过少就开始充电过程,没有产生化学变化。然而,电池单元通过感应电流反应存贮电化学能,阳极和阴极材料间就发生了化学互换,电池的充放电过程,包含化学电极反应物的不可逆互换,因此电池的循环寿命,通常限制在一千到几千次充放电循环,和电池相比,电容器因为没有包含任何化学的和相的变化,所以可进行近乎无限次的充放电。
近些年,大部分便携装置都使用锂电池作为电源,但锂电池容量不够高、体积较大,需频繁长时间充电,且在千次充放电循环后性能会急剧下降。所以,需要一种高效电源来达到高容量、快充电和长循环寿命的储能装置。超级电容是一种介于传统电容与蓄电池之间、性能特殊的新型储能器件。相对目前应用广泛的锂电池,超级电容器具有功率密度高、充放电速率快、循环寿命达万次以上、工作温度范围宽等优势。因此,超级电容器目前在汽车、消费性电子产品等行业已得到了广泛的应用。
电极材料是超级电容最重要的成分之一,电极材料的性能直接决定电容器的储能品质,如何提高超级电容器的能量密度,高性能电极材料的开发是关键技术之一。目前,应用于超级电容器的材料主要有碳基材料、过渡金属氧化物或氢氧化物和导电聚合物。不同材料都存在各自的优缺点,如碳基材料具有极大的比表面积、极小的双电层间距及高循环寿命,但放电容量较低。过渡金属氧化物或氢氧化物具有导电性好、比容量大的优点,但循环稳定性及价格不够理想。导电聚合物价格低廉,回收环保,但热稳定性、化学稳定性和可循环性较差。因此,将不同属性材料进行复合,开发一种兼具高的电容量、稳定性、循环性的超级电容器电极材料非常必要。
传统超级电容的电极片都是基于多孔活性碳材料和碳纳米材料,而石墨烯是碳原子按六角结构排列而成的单原子层二维晶体,使用石墨烯制造超级电容器能量存储密度高,可以很好的解决其他碳材料比表面小、导电性差、比容量小等问题。
CN102496475A公开了一种基于石墨烯的超级电容电极片及其制备方法,该方法通过石墨烯衍生材料粉末分散到有机溶剂里,再过滤悬浮液、干燥处理后得到的石墨烯薄片;CN102509640A针对现有的石墨烯/镍铝双金属氢氧化物复合材料存在的缺点,如环境污染严重、石墨烯团聚严重、双金属氢氧化物粒径大、复合材料分散性差等,公开了一种超级电容用石墨烯镍铝双金属氢氧化物复合材料的电化学制备方法,显著地改善了材料的传异率、分散性、稳定性和可控性;CN103503095A公开了一种包含贵金属钯、铂集成有石墨烯的能量存储装置;CN104240972A公开是含石墨烯复合电容材料的制备方法,利用NiCo2O4与石墨烯层状结构的特性,提高了材料的导电性能,改善复合材料与电解质溶液的接触面积,以提高比电容和电化学稳定性;CN104269283A公开了利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积在基底铂薄膜上,制备高比电容石墨烯超级电容器电极材料的方法,通过引入了等离子体的反应增强和刻蚀作用增加了比表面积;N104240965A公开电极制备方法则将具有孔结构的石墨烯/二氧化硅/复合材料、导电剂、粘结剂混合后压制在不锈钢网片上制成超级电容器的单电极;CN104269282A用电化学原位制备聚吡咯石墨烯复合电极的方法,聚合在工作电极上制备得到聚毗咯/石墨烯复合电极,工作电极材料为不锈钢、钦、锗、铱、担、金、银、铂或者导电玻璃。
这些方法制备的电极都有效的改善了电极的性能,但电极材料都需要用到金属电极,甚至贵金属,不仅成本高而且对电容器使用后的处理留下环境问题隐患。因此,人们探索价廉或不含金属材质的超级电容电极。例如,导电聚合物材料比RuO2或者IrO2便宜得多,并且能够产生相对较大的比电容。导电聚合物适合作电化学电容器材料,因为它们电化学特性的基本特征是随着电极电压的增加,出现氧化状态的连续排列,以及相应于电荷退出和再注入感应过程的可逆性。
CN104240973A公开的专利通过电化学沉积方法得到碳纳米管/聚苯胺的复合织物,再将复合织物表面涂布一层聚乙烯醇/磷酸凝胶状电解质,最后再与同样材料及结构的另一极组装叠加得到超级电容器织物;CN103680973A公开的专利是利用电化学方法聚苯胺/石墨烯/纳米碳管复合材料;CN103762096A通过电化学过程中正电吸附氧化石墨烯,制备了一种用于柔性电极材料的石墨烯纸;CN103787310A公开了硼掺杂石墨烯复合薄膜电极材料的制备方法;CN103345963A公开的方法是,先将导电高分子材料涂布到柔性透明基板表面,再将石墨烯转移到柔性透明基板上的导电高分子层上从而获得石墨烯复合材料透明电极。上述发明充分利用聚合物的性能优势,但制备过程都经历电化学沉积或物质转移过程。因此,要价廉、批量地制备电极,且电极废物的环保回收还存在一定困难。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:基于上述问题,本发明提供一种含石墨烯的储能聚合物电极片的制备方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的一个技术方案是:一种含石墨烯的储能聚合物电极片的制备方法,石墨烯与聚合物在线组装成储能聚合物电极片。
具体包括以下步骤:
(1)制备石墨烯;
(2)将石墨烯和胶黏剂混合、研磨均匀,根据喷涂、打印或涂覆工艺要求调节粘稠度,得到储能胶乳;
(3)将单体、引发剂、助剂混合,预聚制得低分子预聚物,预聚物溶解或熔融制成聚合成膜或片;
(4)将步骤(2)制得的储能胶乳在线喷涂或涂覆在步骤(3)制得的聚合物膜或片上,复合成储能片,干燥;
(5)将干燥的储能片切割、裁剪成电极片。
进一步地,石墨烯的比表面积大于2800m2/g,电导大于100mS/m,在线组装方法为在线喷涂或在线涂覆。
进一步地,步骤(2)中胶黏剂为聚偏氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇缩醛、环氧树脂、二酚甲醛树脂的一种或两种与电解银粉、铜粉的混合物。
进一步地,步骤(3)中单体为吡咯、苯胺、噻吩或酰胺,引发剂为过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾,助剂为稀盐酸,预聚物为聚酰胺、聚苯胺、聚噻吩和聚吡咯的前驱物中的至少一种,聚合成膜或片的方法为流变、浇铸或旋涂法成膜片。
进一步地,步骤(4)中干燥为50~100℃的电热辊干燥或红外辐照干燥,储能胶乳与聚合物膜或片的质量比为1:50~100。
石墨烯通过改性hummers法制备,包括以下步骤:
a、将石墨加入浓酸混合溶液中,在冰浴条件下搅拌,加入高锰酸钾反应1~2小时,85~90℃反应0.5~1小时,得到氧化石墨烯;
b、将氧化石墨烯加入去离子水中,超声20~80min,得混合物,混合物中氧化石墨烯的质量分数为0.05~0.2%;
c、将混合物于5000~1000rpm转速下离心20~30min,去除位于下层的杂质,得均匀的混合液;
d、将混合液用去离子水稀释1~3倍,加入肼水溶液,用氨水调节pH至9~11,95~100℃水浴中加热还原3~4小时,得石墨烯悬浮液,将悬浮液过滤真空干燥得到石墨烯。
进一步地,步骤a中石墨为鳞片石墨、膨胀石墨或可膨胀石墨,浓酸混合溶液为浓硫酸、浓硝酸的一种或者两种混合酸与硝酸钠的混合溶液。
本发明的有益效果是:电极片制备工艺简单,成本低廉,产品可环保回收再利用。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明进一步说明。
图1是实施例1制备得到的电极片的CV曲线。
具体实施方式
现在结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,以下实施例旨在说明本发明而不是对本发明的进一步限定。
实施例1
将改性hummers法获得的石墨烯粉末、胶黏剂置于玛瑙研钵中混合,研磨均匀,用溶剂调粘度于600~1000mpa.s,制成储能胶乳备用;将聚酰胺-胺,用阳离子萘二酰亚胺修饰后,在水溶液中或甲酰胺中用硫代硫酸钠还原为阴离子,在氩气保护下使水分挥发,即生成导电的超支化聚合物粉末。以甲酰胺为溶剂将改性后聚酰胺-胺流变制备成膜,储能胶乳同时喷涂在膜表面,通过压力辊施压,并用热辐射、红外辅助快速干燥,制成电极片。
实施例2
将改性hummers法获得的石墨烯粉末、胶黏剂置于玛瑙研钵中混合,研磨均匀,用溶剂调粘度于600~1000mpa.s,制成储能胶乳备用;把氧化剂(过硫酸铵)先行涂覆在基底聚酯材料上,把溶解在酸性溶液中的苯胺加入,经化学聚合反应流变制得聚苯胺膜,将膜与储能胶乳复合,通过压力辊施压,并用热辐射、红外辅助快速干燥,制成电极片。
实施例1得到的电极片进行循环伏安法测试,CV扫描速度0.000001V/s至10000V/s。结果见图1,储能电容器的CV曲线,显示在较宽的电压范围内能产生较大的电流密度。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容,必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种含石墨烯的储能聚合物电极片的制备方法,其特征是:石墨烯与聚合物在线组装成储能聚合物电极片。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含石墨烯的储能聚合物电极片的制备方法,其特征是:所述的石墨烯的比表面积大于2800m2/g,电导大于100mS/m,在线组装方法为在线喷涂或在线涂覆。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种含石墨烯的储能聚合物电极片的制备方法,其特征是:具体包括以下步骤:
(1)制备石墨烯;
(2)将石墨烯和胶黏剂混合、研磨均匀,根据喷涂、打印或涂覆工艺要求调节粘稠度,得到储能胶乳;
(3)将单体、引发剂、助剂混合,预聚制得低分子预聚物,预聚物溶解或熔融制成聚合成膜或片;
(4)将步骤(2)制得的储能胶乳在线喷涂或涂覆在步骤(3)制得的聚合物膜或片上,复合成储能片,干燥;
(5)将干燥的储能片切割、裁剪成电极片。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种含石墨烯的储能聚合物电极片的制备方法,其特征是:所述的步骤(2)中胶黏剂为聚偏氟乙烯、聚乙烯醇缩醛、环氧树脂、二酚甲醛树脂的一种或两种与电解银粉、铜粉的混合物。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种含石墨烯的储能聚合物电极片的制备方法,其特征是:所述的步骤(3)中单体为吡咯、苯胺、噻吩或酰胺,引发剂为过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾,助剂为稀盐酸,预聚物为聚酰胺、聚苯胺、聚噻吩和聚吡咯的前驱物中的至少一种,聚合成膜或片的方法为流变、浇铸或旋涂法成膜片。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种含石墨烯的储能聚合物电极片的制备方法,其特征是:所述的步骤(4)中干燥为50~100℃的电热辊干燥或红外辐照干燥,储能胶乳与聚合物膜或片的质量比为1:50~100。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种含石墨烯的储能聚合物电极片的制备方法,其特征是:石墨烯通过改性hummers法制备,包括以下步骤:
a、将石墨加入浓酸混合溶液中,在冰浴条件下搅拌,加入高锰酸钾反应1~2小时,85~90℃反应0.5~1小时,得到氧化石墨烯;
b、将氧化石墨烯加入去离子水中,超声20~80min,得混合物,混合物中氧化石墨烯的质量分数为0.05~0.2%;
c、将混合物于5000~1000rpm转速下离心20~30min,去除位于下层的杂质,得均匀的混合液;
d、将混合液用去离子水稀释1~3倍,加入肼水溶液,用氨水调节pH至9~11,95~100℃水浴中加热还原3~4小时,得石墨烯悬浮液,将悬浮液过滤真空干燥得到石墨烯。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种含石墨烯的储能聚合物电极片的制备方法,其特征是:所述的步骤a中石墨为鳞片石墨、膨胀石墨或可膨胀石墨,浓酸混合溶液为浓硫酸、浓硝酸的一种或者两种混合酸与硝酸钠的混合溶液。
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