CN106011617A - 一种发动机气缸气门组 - Google Patents

一种发动机气缸气门组 Download PDF

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CN106011617A
CN106011617A CN201610360688.3A CN201610360688A CN106011617A CN 106011617 A CN106011617 A CN 106011617A CN 201610360688 A CN201610360688 A CN 201610360688A CN 106011617 A CN106011617 A CN 106011617A
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valve spring
spring holder
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王华美
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Shandong Ruibin Precision Manufacturing Co ltd
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    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
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    • C23C8/28Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/30Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/32Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
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Abstract

一种发动机气缸气门组,包括进气门和安装于进气门上的上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈,本发明铁基合金材料可以充分满足发动机气门主体材料的强度要求;对发动机气门进行碳氮共渗热处理提高进气门的硬度及强度,避免出现腐蚀点;通过堆焊处理使得发动机气门锥面达到更高的耐磨性和耐冲击,相应的疲劳性能也得到提高。

Description

一种发动机气缸气门组
技术领域
本发明涉一种发动机气缸气门组,属于汽车发动机配件技术领域。
背景技术
汽车发动机的配气机构是保证发动机在工作过程中,按一定时间使新鲜混合气进入气缸,并将燃烧后的废气排除气缸的工作机构,气门组件则是发动机进、排气的控制部分,气门组件工作是否正常,直接影响发动机的动力性。目前,气门组件包括气门、锁片、气门弹簧座、挺柱、垫片、气门弹簧等零件,气门的往复运动是靠凸轮轴作用挺柱或垫片,挺柱推动气门来实现的,现有气门和气门弹簧座通常采用重量较大耐冲击性能差,容易形成微裂纹影响气门组的使用寿命。
发明内容
一种发动机气缸气门组,包括进气门和安装于进气门上的上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈,
制造所述进气门方法步骤为:
按照进气门主体材料元素组分进行熔炼,后进行铸造,得到坯料,进气门主体材料为:C0.2%,Si 3.7%,Mn0.9%,P≤0.035%,S≤0.035%,Ti1.5%,Cr 6%,W 3.5%,Ni 3%,Co 1.1%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质;
将坯料采用电热镦锻造,终锻温度为900℃,锻造变形量控制在65%-85%,镦粗速度为10mm/s;
锻造后进行多级调质热处理工艺:在1070℃保温10s后水淬,470℃回火;然后990℃保温10s后油淬,435℃回火;最后960℃保温10s后油淬,390℃回火;
热处理后进行对工件切削加工,
切削加工后对工件表面进行碳氮共渗热处理,强渗过程:温度950-980℃范围,碳势和氮势采取四级步骤,碳势0.4-0.6%,氮势1.2-1.4%,保温3h,然后升高碳势至0.7-0.9%,降低氮势至1.0-1.1%,保温2h,再升高碳势至1.0-1.1%,降低氮势至0.7-0.9%,保温2h,最后升高碳势至1.2-1.6%,降低氮势至0.4-0.5%,保温2.5h;强渗后进行扩散,扩散过程:控制炉温度降至约900-920℃,保温3h,降温至820-850℃,保温4h,扩散过程碳势控制在1.2~1.3%之间,氮势控制在1.0~1.1%之间;空冷至室温;扩散后进行淬火,淬火过程:在840℃进行油淬,油温控制在65℃;清洗过程:去除零部件表面油渍,清洗液温度控制在40℃;回火:进行低温回火,控制炉温度180℃,时间约150-200分钟。
对工件锥面磨削加工,
锥面磨削加工后对工件进行锥面堆焊,锥面堆焊工艺为:150-200℃预热,非转移弧电压20V,非转移弧电流50A;喷嘴与工件表面的距离约10-12mm,焊接完成后缓慢冷却;堆焊层材料为:Co 39%,Ni 0.8%,B 0.2%,Ta 0.4%,Sn 2%,Gd 0.2%,C 0.1%,余量为W;
对工件表面打磨
工件表面打磨后对工件表面涂覆碳化钨涂层,涂层厚度约13微米;之后在碳化钨涂层外涂覆氧化铝涂层,涂层厚度约7微米,得到进气门。
上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈化学组成为(重量百分比):Mg:6.5﹪,Zn:3.5﹪,Sn:1.5﹪,Ni:0.85﹪,Ti:0.65﹪,Fe:0.35﹪,Cr:0.15﹪,V:0.15﹪,Si:0.085﹪,Al:0.055﹪,La:0.025﹪,Ce:0.015﹪,余量为Cu及不可避免的杂质;
上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈的制备方法:包括以下步骤:按照上述元素比例准备原料,原料熔炼、分别对上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈进行浇注,脱模后,得到的上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈的铸坯进行热处理:首先将铸坯进行加热,升温至600℃,升温速率200℃/小时,保温1小时,后降温至400℃,降温速率100℃/小时,后再次降温至300℃,降温速率25℃/小时,保温2小时,后再次降温至200℃,降温速率40℃/小时,保温4小时,后空冷至室温,
之后对上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈铸坯表面涂覆氮化钛涂层,涂层厚度13微米,得到最终的上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈。
上述发明内容相对于现有技术的有益效果在于:1)本发明铁基合金材料可以充分满足发动机气门主体材料的强度要求;2)对发动机气门进行碳氮共渗热处理提高进气门的硬度及强度,避免出现腐蚀点; 3)通过堆焊处理使得发动机气门锥面达到更高的耐磨性和耐冲击,相应的疲劳性能也得到提高;4)通过对发动机气门涂覆涂层,提高材料的防腐、耐高温、耐磨性能。5)气门弹簧座圈进行涂覆涂层涂层增加其表面耐磨性和硬度的效果。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解,现详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1
一种发动机气缸气门组,包括进气门和安装于进气门上的上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈,
制造所述进气门方法步骤为:
按照进气门主体材料元素组分进行熔炼,后进行铸造,得到坯料,进气门主体材料为:C0.2%,Si 3.7%,Mn0.9%,P≤0.035%,S≤0.035%,Ti1.5%,Cr 6%,W 3.5%,Ni 3%,Co 1.1%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质;
将坯料采用电热镦锻造,终锻温度为900℃,锻造变形量控制在65%-85%,镦粗速度为10mm/s;
锻造后进行多级调质热处理工艺:在1070℃保温10s后水淬,470℃回火;然后990℃保温10s后油淬,435℃回火;最后960℃保温10s后油淬,390℃回火;
热处理后进行对工件切削加工,
切削加工后对工件表面进行碳氮共渗热处理,强渗过程:温度950-980℃范围,碳势和氮势采取四级步骤,碳势0.4-0.6%,氮势1.2-1.4%,保温3h,然后升高碳势至0.7-0.9%,降低氮势至1.0-1.1%,保温2h,再升高碳势至1.0-1.1%,降低氮势至0.7-0.9%,保温2h,最后升高碳势至1.2-1.6%,降低氮势至0.4-0.5%,保温2.5h;强渗后进行扩散,扩散过程:控制炉温度降至约900-920℃,保温3h,降温至820-850℃,保温4h,扩散过程碳势控制在1.2~1.3%之间,氮势控制在1.0~1.1%之间;空冷至室温;扩散后进行淬火,淬火过程:在840℃进行油淬,油温控制在65℃;清洗过程:去除零部件表面油渍,清洗液温度控制在40℃;回火:进行低温回火,控制炉温度180℃,时间约150-200分钟。
对工件锥面磨削加工,
锥面磨削加工后对工件进行锥面堆焊,锥面堆焊工艺为:150-200℃预热,非转移弧电压20V,非转移弧电流50A;喷嘴与工件表面的距离约10-12mm,焊接完成后缓慢冷却;堆焊层材料为:Co 39%,Ni 0.8%,B 0.2%,Ta 0.4%,Sn 2%,Gd 0.2%,C 0.1%,余量为W;
对工件表面打磨
工件表面打磨后对工件表面涂覆碳化钨涂层,涂层厚度约13微米;之后在碳化钨涂层外涂覆氧化铝涂层,涂层厚度约7微米,得到进气门。
上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈化学组成为(重量百分比):Mg:6.5﹪,Zn:3.5﹪,Sn:1.5﹪,Ni:0.85﹪,Ti:0.65﹪,Fe:0.35﹪,Cr:0.15﹪,V:0.15﹪,Si:0.085﹪,Al:0.055﹪,La:0.025﹪,Ce:0.015﹪,余量为Cu及不可避免的杂质;
上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈的制备方法:包括以下步骤:按照上述元素比例准备原料,原料熔炼、分别对上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈进行浇注,脱模后,得到的上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈的铸坯进行热处理:首先将铸坯进行加热,升温至600℃,升温速率200℃/小时,保温1小时,后降温至400℃,降温速率100℃/小时,后再次降温至300℃,降温速率25℃/小时,保温2小时,后再次降温至200℃,降温速率40℃/小时,保温4小时,后空冷至室温,
之后对上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈铸坯表面涂覆氮化钛涂层,涂层厚度13微米,得到最终的上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈。

Claims (2)

1.一种发动机气缸气门组,包括进气门和安装于进气门上的上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈,
制造所述进气门方法步骤为:
按照进气门主体材料元素组分进行熔炼,后进行铸造,得到坯料,进气门主体材料为:C0.2%,Si 3.7%,Mn0.9%,P≤0.035%,S≤0.035%,Ti1.5%,Cr 6%,W 3.5%,Ni 3%,Co 1.1%,余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质;
将坯料采用电热镦锻造,终锻温度为900℃,锻造变形量控制在65%-85%,镦粗速度为10mm/s;
锻造后进行多级调质热处理工艺:在1070℃保温10s后水淬,470℃回火;然后990℃保温10s后油淬,435℃回火;最后960℃保温10s后油淬,390℃回火;
热处理后进行对工件切削加工,
切削加工后对工件表面进行碳氮共渗热处理,强渗过程:温度950-980℃范围,碳势和氮势采取四级步骤,碳势0.4-0.6%,氮势1.2-1.4%,保温3h,然后升高碳势至0.7-0.9%,降低氮势至1.0-1.1%,保温2h,再升高碳势至1.0-1.1%,降低氮势至0.7-0.9%,保温2h,最后升高碳势至1.2-1.6%,降低氮势至0.4-0.5%,保温2.5h;强渗后进行扩散,扩散过程:控制炉温度降至约900-920℃,保温3h,降温至820-850℃,保温4h,扩散过程碳势控制在1.2~1.3%之间,氮势控制在1.0~1.1%之间;空冷至室温;扩散后进行淬火,淬火过程:在840℃进行油淬,油温控制在65℃;清洗过程:去除零部件表面油渍,清洗液温度控制在40℃;回火:进行低温回火,控制炉温度180℃,时间约150-200分钟,
对工件锥面磨削加工,
锥面磨削加工后对工件进行锥面堆焊,锥面堆焊工艺为:150-200℃预热,非转移弧电压20V,非转移弧电流50A;喷嘴与工件表面的距离约10-12mm,焊接完成后缓慢冷却;堆焊层材料为:Co 39%,Ni 0.8%,B 0.2%,Ta 0.4%,Sn 2%,Gd 0.2%,C 0.1%,余量为W;
对工件表面打磨
工件表面打磨后对工件表面涂覆碳化钨涂层,涂层厚度约13微米;之后在碳化钨涂层外涂覆氧化铝涂层,涂层厚度约7微米,得到进气门。
2.上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈化学组成为(重量百分比):Mg:6.5﹪,Zn:3.5﹪,Sn:1.5﹪,Ni:0.85﹪,Ti:0.65﹪,Fe:0.35﹪,Cr:0.15﹪,V:0.15﹪,Si:0.085﹪,Al:0.055﹪,La:0.025﹪,Ce:0.015﹪,余量为Cu及不可避免的杂质;
上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈的制备方法:包括以下步骤:按照上述元素比例准备原料,原料熔炼、分别对上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈进行浇注,脱模后,得到的上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈的铸坯进行热处理:首先将铸坯进行加热,升温至600℃,升温速率200℃/小时,保温1小时,后降温至400℃,降温速率100℃/小时,后再次降温至300℃,降温速率25℃/小时,保温2小时,后再次降温至200℃,降温速率40℃/小时,保温4小时,后空冷至室温,
之后对上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈铸坯表面涂覆氮化钛涂层,涂层厚度13微米,得到最终的上气门弹簧座圈和下气门弹簧座圈。
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