CN106008547B - 一种倍半萜化合物及其制备与应用 - Google Patents
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
- C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D493/10—Spiro-condensed systems
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- C12P17/00—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms
- C12P17/18—Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms containing at least two hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, e.g. rifamycin
- C12P17/181—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms in the condensed system, e.g. Salinomycin, Septamycin
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种倍半萜化合物及其制备与应用,将扩展青霉接种至发酵培养基,在25‑28℃、150rpm条件下发酵培养,取发酵液进行分离纯化,获得所述倍半萜化合物;本发明所涉及的倍半萜化合物具有比上市药物阿卡波糖更好的α‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,活性为阿卡波糖的4倍,而且其分子量较小,因而具有服用量少的优点。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,特别涉及一种新的倍半萜化合物及其制备方法和其在作用于α-葡萄糖苷酶方面的应用。
(二)背景技术
糖尿病是一种由多基因遗传与环境因素共同作用所引发的、以持续高血糖为特征的代谢紊乱综合症。其病理特征表现为胰岛素分泌不足或者胰岛素抵抗,导致体内糖、脂肪、蛋白质、水、电解质代谢紊乱。调查表明,糖尿病可引发心、脑、肝、肺、肾、神经等急性或慢性并发症,是继心脑血管疾病、癌症之后危害人类身体健康的第三大疾病。糖尿病的高发病率、高致残率及其终身性对人类健康的危害十分严重,给个人和社会带来沉重的经济负担。为此,关于糖尿病的防治己引起国内外学者和政府的高度重视。
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂是20世纪70年代开发的一类新型口服降血糖药物,能竞争性抑制小肠内α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性,延缓或抑制葡萄糖在肠道内的吸收,有效降低餐后高血糖,已被广泛用于糖尿病的治疗。目前,市场以α-葡萄糖苷酶为靶点的糖尿病治疗药物主要有阿卡波糖与米格列醇。阿卡波糖是第一个上市的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,其副作用小,但活性不强,日服用量大,且药品价格较高,病人经济负担较大。米格列醇的活性较阿卡波糖强,但应用时胃肠道不良反应发生率高,市场反应并不好。新型α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的发现,是糖尿病治疗药物研发的重要方向之一。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是克服目前现有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂类药物活性弱、不良反应率高等缺陷,提供两个具有强效α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的化合物及其制备与应用。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
本发明提供一种式(1)所示的倍半萜化合物,
所述倍半萜化合物为佛手柑烷型倍半萜,侧链含有两个含氧螺环。
本发明还提供一种所述倍半萜化合物的制备方法,以扩展青霉为发酵菌,按常规方法培养发酵、提取分离得到,优选所述方法是将扩展青霉接种至发酵培养基,在25-28℃、150rpm条件下发酵培养,取发酵液进行分离纯化,获得所述倍半萜化合物;所述发酵培养基质量终浓度组成为:碳源5-30g/L、氮源10-25g/L、无机盐1-5g/L,溶剂为水,pH值自然。
进一步,所述碳源为:葡萄糖、甘露醇、甘油、糊精和半乳糖中的一种或任几种,优选葡萄糖。
进一步,所述氮源为黄豆粉、蛋白胨或马铃薯浸出粉中的一种或任几种,优选马铃薯浸出粉。
进一步,所述无机盐为磷酸氢二钾或磷酸二氢钾,优选磷酸氢二钾。
进一步,所述发酵培养基终浓度组成为:葡萄糖5-30g/L,马铃薯浸出粉10-25g/L,KH2PO41-5g/L,溶剂为水,pH值自然,更优选所述发酵培养基终浓度组成为:葡萄糖20g/L,马铃薯浸出粉25g/L,KH2PO42g/L,溶剂为水,pH值自然。
本发明所述扩展青霉优选为中国农业微生物菌种保藏管理中心菌种编号为1511C0001ACCC37275的扩展青霉。
进一步,扩展青霉发酵液制备方法为:(1)将扩展青霉接种至斜面培养基,在25-28℃培养5-7天,获得斜面菌体;所述斜面培养基终浓度组成为:碳源10-30g/L,氮源5-25g/L,无机盐0.5-2g/L,琼脂10-20g/L,溶剂为水,pH值自然;所述碳源为:葡萄糖、甘露醇、甘油、糊精或半乳糖中的一种或任几种,优选葡萄糖;所述氮源为黄豆粉、蛋白胨或马铃薯浸出粉中的一种或任几种,优选马铃薯浸出粉;所述无机盐为磷酸氢二钾或磷酸二氢钾,优选磷酸氢二钾;优选斜面培养基终浓度组成为:葡萄糖30g/L,马铃薯浸出粉5g/L,KH2PO42g/L,琼脂15g/L,溶剂为水,pH值自然;(2)将斜面菌体接种至种子培养基,在25-28℃、150rpm、体积装液量30%条件下培养15天,获得种子液;所述种子培养基终浓度组成为:碳源10-50g/L,氮源5-25g/L,无机盐0.5-2g/L,溶剂为水,pH值自然;所述碳源为:葡萄糖、甘露醇、甘油、糊精或半乳糖中的一种或任几种,优选葡萄糖;所述氮源为黄豆粉、蛋白胨或马铃薯浸出粉中的一种或任几种,优选马铃薯浸出粉;所述无机盐为磷酸氢二钾或磷酸二氢钾,优选磷酸氢二钾;优选种子培养基终浓度组成为:葡萄糖30g/L,马铃薯浸出粉10g/L,KH2PO42g/L,溶剂为水,pH值自然;(3)将种子液以体积浓度5-10%(优选10%)的接种量接种至发酵培养基,在25-28℃、150rpm、体积装液量30%条件下培养15天,获得发酵液;所述发酵培养基终浓度组成为:葡萄糖5-30g/L,马铃薯浸出粉10-25g/L,KH2PO41-5g/L,溶剂为水,pH值自然。
进一步,所述发酵液分离纯化方法可以采用常规的方法进行提取分离,比如经过过滤得菌丝体,菌丝体干燥后可以用浸提、萃取、硅胶柱层析等常规方法和常用溶剂进行提取分离,具体优选方法为:(1)将发酵液过滤,菌丝体干燥后用丙酮室温浸泡提取三次,每次1.6L,提取时间每次24小时,合并提取液,减压浓缩至无液体流出,获得丙酮提取物;(2)将步骤(1)丙酮提取物悬浮于水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,每次500mL,合并有机层,减压浓缩至无液体流出,得乙酸乙酯萃取物;(3)将步骤(2)乙酸乙酯萃取物经MCI CHP20P树脂柱层析,依次用体积比2:8的甲醇-水溶液,体积比3:7的甲醇-水溶液,体积比4:6的甲醇-水溶液,体积比5:5的甲醇-水溶液,体积比6:4的甲醇-水溶液洗脱,每个洗脱液洗脱2个柱体积,收集体积比4:6的甲醇-水溶液的流出液;(4)将步骤(4)收集的流出液浓缩至干,用硅胶柱层析进行纯化,依次用体积比8:1石油醚-乙酸乙酯、体积比6:1石油醚-乙酸乙酯、体积比4:1石油醚-乙酸乙酯洗脱,每个洗脱液均洗脱2个柱体积,薄层层析检测各个流出液,合并含目标组分的流出液,减压浓缩即得倍半萜化合物。
本发明还提供一种所述倍半萜化合物在制备治疗糖尿病药物中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益效果主要体现在:本发明所涉及的倍半萜化合物具有比上市药物阿卡波糖更好的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,活性为阿卡波糖的4倍,而且其分子量较小,因而具有服用量少的优点。
(四)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1化合物1的制备方法
1、发酵培养制备扩展青霉发酵物
1)菌种:扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum),购自中国农业微生物菌种保藏管理中心,菌种编号为1511C0001ACCC37275。
2)斜面培养及保存
固体培养基:葡萄糖3g,马铃薯浸出粉0.5g,KH2PO40.2g,琼脂1.5g,加水到100mL,pH值自然。
固体培养方法:扩展青霉菌株接种于固体培养基斜面上,28℃培养5-7天。固体培养结束后,斜面放置4-10℃冷藏备用。30%的甘油冷冻管的制备:在无菌状态下,将试管斜面用6ml灭菌的30%甘油洗下,分装至甘油管中(3ml/支),放置-20℃冷藏备用。
3)摇瓶种子培养
培养基:葡萄糖3g,马铃薯浸出粉1g,KH2PO40.2g,加水到100mL,pH值自然。
装液量:500mL三角瓶里装150mL培养基
接种量:30%的甘油冷冻菌丝3mL
培养温度:28℃
培养时间:7天
摇床转速:150rpm
将30%的甘油冷冻菌丝按以上接种量接入摇瓶种子培养基中,培养后,镜检菌丝粗壮,染色深,无染菌,菌浓≥15%。
4)摇瓶发酵培养
培养基:葡萄糖2g,马铃薯浸出粉2.5g,KH2PO40.2g,加水到100mL,pH值自然。
装量:500mL三角瓶里装150mL培养基,共使用300个三角瓶。
接种量:培养基体积的10%;
培养温度:28℃;
培养时间:15天;
摇床转速:150rpm;
2、提取分离获得化合物1
过滤发酵产物,滤饼干燥获得发酵产物菌丝体共400g。
扩展青霉的发酵液经过滤得菌丝体,菌丝体干燥后(400g)用丙酮室温浸泡提取三次(每次1.6L,提取时间每次24小时),合并提取液,减压浓缩得提取物(52.5g);将上述提取物悬浮于500mL水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次(每次500mL),合并有机层,减压浓缩后得乙酸乙酯提取物(23.5g)。乙酸乙酯提取物经MCI CHP20P树脂柱层析,洗脱条件为(甲醇-水2:8,甲醇-水3:7,甲醇-水4:6,甲醇-水5:5,甲醇-水6:4,以上体积比例溶剂均洗脱2个柱体积),收集甲醇-水(4:6)部分(3.6g)。上述部分用硅胶柱层析进行纯化,洗脱条件为(石油醚-乙酸乙酯8:1,石油醚-乙酸乙酯6:1,石油醚-乙酸乙酯4:1,以上每个体积比例均洗脱2个柱体积)。以石油醚-乙酸乙酯3:2为展开剂进行薄层层析检测,合并比移值(Rf值)为0.6左右的部分,减压浓缩即得化合物1(14mg)。
实施例2化合物1的理化性质及波谱数据
化合物1:白色无定型粉末;分子式为C15H20O4;旋光[α]-36.7(c0.15,MeOH);红外vmax3441,2923,2583,1745,1649,1462,1356,1266,1208,1144,1064,996,923,883,848,762,722,690cm-1;氢谱及碳谱见表1;高分辨质谱(ESI)m/z:265.1426[M+H]+。
表1化合物1核磁数据
实施例3化合物1的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
将25μL、0.085U/mLα-葡萄糖苷酶的磷酸钾缓冲溶液(pH 6.8)及100μL含有不同浓度(0.48、0.24、0.12、0.06、0.03mg/mL)化合物1的磷酸钾缓冲液(pH 6.8)加入96孔板中,混合均匀,(各浓度对应的背景组此时加入80μL 1.0M Na2CO3水溶液终止反应),在37℃孵育15min。加入25μL浓度为5.0mM的4-硝基酚-β-D-吡喃糖葡萄糖苷(pNPG)磷酸钾缓冲液,在37℃孵育30min后,加入80μL 1.0M Na2CO3水溶液终止反应,用酶标仪读出405nm的吸光值并计算抑制率,抑制率=1-(A测定-A测定背景)/(A空白-A空白背景),其中,A测定背景为加入待测样品但不发生酶促反应时体系的吸光度,A空白背景为不加待测样品时体系的吸光度;同时设置空白组和阳性对照组,空白组不添加化合物1,阳性对照组用阿卡波糖替代化合物1。根据不同浓度下抑制率计算出半数抑制浓度(IC50)。化合1及阳性对照阿卡波糖的IC50值见表2。
从表中数据可知,本发明涉及的化合物1具有很强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,其活性约为阳性对照阿卡波糖的4倍。
化合物1有望成为新型的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂药物用于糖尿病的治疗。
表2化合物1的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
对比例1expansolide A的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
expansolide A的结构式
对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性实验方法同实施例3。
实验结果表明,expansolide A在同等条件下,活性极弱,其IC50>100mM。
对比例2采用相同菌株发酵还可获得其他类型的化合物
Alantrypinone
Alantrypinone的结构式
制备过程的发酵部分同实施例1。
提取分离过程如下:
过滤发酵产物,滤饼干燥获得发酵产物菌丝体共400g。
扩展青霉的发酵液经过滤得菌丝体,菌丝体干燥后(400g)用丙酮室温浸泡提取三次(每次1.6L,提取时间每次24小时),合并提取液,减压浓缩得提取物(52.5g);将上述提取物悬浮于500mL水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次(每次500mL),合并有机层,减压浓缩后得乙酸乙酯提取物(23.5g)。乙酸乙酯提取物经MCI CHP20P树脂柱层析,洗脱条件为(甲醇-水2:8,甲醇-水3:7,甲醇-水4:6,甲醇-水5:5,甲醇-水6:4,以上体积比例溶剂均洗脱2个柱体积),收集甲醇-水(3:7)部分(1.2g)。上述部分用ODS C18柱层析进行纯化,洗脱条件为(甲醇-水30:70,甲醇-水35:65,甲醇-水40:60,以上每个体积比例均洗脱2个柱体积),收集甲醇-水40:60洗脱部分(132mg)。该部分再以硅胶柱层析分离,洗脱条件为石油醚-乙酸乙酯1:1,以氯仿-甲醇10:1为展开剂进行薄层层析检测,合并比移值(Rf值)为0.7左右的部分,减压浓缩即得化合物Alantrypinone(7mg)。
Claims (4)
1.一种式(1)所示的倍半萜化合物,
2.一种权利要求1所述倍半萜化合物的制备方法,,其特征在于所述方法为:(1)将扩展青霉接种至斜面培养基,在25-28℃培养5-7天,获得斜面菌体;所述斜面培养基终浓度组成为:葡萄糖10-30g/L,马铃薯浸出粉5-25g/L,KH2PO4 0.5-2g/L,琼脂10-20g/L,溶剂为水,pH值自然;(2)将斜面菌体接种至种子培养基,在25-28℃、150rpm、体积装液量30%条件下培养15天,获得种子液;所述种子培养基终浓度组成为:葡萄糖10-50g/L,马铃薯浸出粉5-25g/L,KH2PO4 0.5-2g/L,溶剂为水,pH值自然;(3)将种子液以体积浓度5-10%的接种量接种至发酵培养基,在25-28℃、150rpm、体积装液量30%条件下培养15天,获得发酵液;所述发酵培养基终浓度组成为:葡萄糖5-30g/L,马铃薯浸出粉10-25g/L,KH2PO4 1-5g/L,溶剂为水,pH值自然;(4)将发酵液过滤,菌丝体干燥后用丙酮室温浸泡提取三次,合并提取液,减压浓缩至无液体流出,获得丙酮提取物;(5)将步骤(4)丙酮提取物悬浮于水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,合并有机层,减压浓缩至无液体流出,得乙酸乙酯萃取物;(6)将步骤(5)乙酸乙酯萃取物经MCI CHP20P树脂柱层析,依次用体积比2:8的甲醇-水溶液,体积比3:7的甲醇-水溶液,体积比4:6的甲醇-水溶液,体积比5:5的甲醇-水溶液,体积比6:4的甲醇-水溶液洗脱,每个洗脱液洗脱2个柱体积,收集体积比4:6的甲醇-水溶液的流出液;(7)将步骤(6)收集的流出液浓缩至干,用硅胶柱层析进行纯化,依次用体积比8:1的石油醚-乙酸乙酯溶液、体积比6:1的石油醚-乙酸乙酯溶液、体积比4:1的石油醚-乙酸乙酯溶液洗脱,每个洗脱液均洗脱2个柱体积,薄层层析检测各个流出液,合并含目标组分的流出液,减压浓缩即得倍半萜化合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于扩展青霉为中国农业微生物菌种保藏管理中心菌种编号为1511C0001ACCC37275的扩展青霉。
4.一种权利要求1所述倍半萜化合物在制备治疗糖尿病药物中的应用。
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